What are the typical hazards caused by biological invasions in China?

In fact, the situation of invasive alien species in China is very serious. At present, there are 754 invasive species that can be identified in China. Among them, there are more than 100 types of large-scale occurrence and serious ecological hazards, causing economic losses of hundreds of billions of yuan every year.

The list of invasive alien species in China was released in three batches in 2003, 2010 and 2014, with a total of 53 species. The first batch: Eupatorium purpurea, Mikania, hollow lotus seed, ragweed, poison weed, Spartina alterniflora, airplane grass, water hyacinth, false sorghum, cane flat moth, wetland pine mealybug, powerful beetle, American white moth, African giant snail, Fushou snail, bullfrog.

The second batch: lantana, three-lobed ragweed, large stalk, etc. One of the most famous is the water hyacinth.

Hyacinth, also known as water hyacinth, is native to South America and is the world's most famous pest grass. At the beginning of the last century, it was introduced to China as pig feed, and then began to spread throughout the country, causing extremely serious ecological disasters. Water hyacinth reproduces rapidly, often erupts in a large area, causing river blockage, affecting navigation, hindering drainage and irrigation, drastic changes in the water environment, accelerating the eutrophication process of water bodies, and causing new ecological disasters, which is the main culprit of eutrophication of rivers and lakes.

Because water hyacinth covers the water surface, it forms a dominant species, suppresses the growth of plankton, and deprives other aquatic species of their "right to live". The rapid "wild growth" of water hyacinth requires the consumption of a large amount of water and oxygen in the water, which directly threatens the survival of fish. In freshwater waters, where water hyacinth invades and floods, biodiversity is severely damaged and some native species, including aquatic animals and plants, are almost endangered.

There is one alien species that you haven't mentioned, and that's mosquito fish. This small fish is native to North America and is very small, generally no more than 5 cm, but it is one of the most feared invasive species in my opinion. Because in the water body, a native fish, medaka, will disappear completely.

Mosquito-eating fish were introduced to China in the thirties of the last century as a small fish to eliminate mosquito larvae, but they were significantly less interested in mosquitoes than other foods, such as medaka, which is a small oviparous fish whose eggs and young are their preferred food. Soon, medaka was completely invisible in the water with mosquito-eating fish. In our area, there are mosquito-eating fish in almost every puddle, but the native species of medaka has completely disappeared.

However, there was no reaction at all, after all, they were unaware of the extinction of this small fish. In short, I still hope that ** can pay attention to it and protect this simple and simple small fish. <>

In our work, the detection of pine wood nematodes is the top priority of Senbao's work. It was found that there was an inexplicable dead masson pine, and it had to be sampled and sent for testing. For telecommunications, power systems with reels, factory pine packaging boxes, whether in or out, must be sampled and sent for inspection, our entire system for pine wood nematode disease is strictly guarded.

Internal regulations, found within the jurisdiction of the year, the award is awarded, the outbreak of the second year is discovered, according to the dereliction of duty punishment. I have a friend who wants to see the appearance of the insect, to be honest, I have never seen it, because the insect body is very small, the adult body is slender, about 1mm, and it is difficult to identify, because there are many kinds of diseases and insects similar to it, and you have to use a microscope to repeatedly observe it to judge. This is the pine brown beetle, the host of pine wood nematode disease, pine wood nematode disease is generally carried and transmitted by it, and there is the circulation of infected pine logs or pine products.

The site of a pine wood nematode disease outbreak is devastating to the forest. The use of artificial spraying, the prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease of the host pine brown longhorn beetle is a means of prevention, I used to have a lot of prevention and control, all of a sudden can not find the domestic Masson pine caterpillar, Simao pine caterpillar outbreak insect plague, will only eat all the leaves on the coniferous tree, but the next year and new branches and leaves, and pine wood nematode disease invasion, is dry and dead. I've seen a promotional video about the forest treatment method for the discovery of pine wood nematode disease, and after determining the area where it occurred, all the trees in the area were cut down and burned on the spot, so that there would be no future problems.

In fact, the ecosystem of every place is balanced, which is the law formed by long-term development, once a new species appears, it will cause some irreversible harm, resulting in the disorder of the system between organisms. So what are the dangers of biological invasion?

1. Economic losses: China is one of the countries most severely affected by the invasion of alien species. From south to north, east to west, the troubles caused by these alien invaders can be seen almost everywhere.

In 2001 and 2003, the survey found that there were 283 species of invasive alien species in the country, causing annual economic and environmental losses of about 120 billion yuan, and now the losses have been as high as 200 billion yuan.

2. Species extinction: After alien pests invade new areas suitable for growth, their populations will multiply rapidly and gradually develop into new local areas"Dominant species", seriously undermining the local ecological security. Due to the lack of natural enemies and other constraints, the consequence is rapid spread, massive expansion, the formation of dominant populations, and competition with local species for limited food resources and space resources, directly leading to the degradation and even extinction of local species.

3. Ecological damage: The invasion of alien species will affect the water and other nutrients of plant soil, as well as the structural stability and genetic diversity of biological communities, thereby destroying the local ecological balance.

4. Threat to health: For example, ragweed, which was introduced to China 40 years ago, is caused by its pollen"Hayweed fever"It will cause great harm to human health. Every July and September, when the pollen is scattered, people with allergies will have asthma, sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms, and even die due to other complications.

Recently, a large number of "white mud ants" and starfish have recently appeared at the Qingdao Sea Wharf in China, which has become a hot topic for a while.

According to news reports, "white mud ants" are the same killers of marine ecology as starfish, they can easily hunt some shellfish such as clams and oysters, and they are poisonous and inedible.

This can't help but remind me of a very hot news, the news of Australia's rampant hare invasion, because of the artificial introduction of hares, because hares have no natural enemies in Australia, and they are very suitable for hare life, and the environment is good, resulting in more and more hares in Australia.

In fact, our country also has a lot of incidents of alien biological invasions, thanSuch as snails, water hyacinths, goldenrod, scavenger fish and so onAll of them directly or indirectly threaten the living environment of China's native creatures, and there are several of them that I have seen with my own eyes.

Water hyacinth has a large number of growth in many waters in our country, and the reproduction ability of water hyacinth is very strong, if not treated, it will grow wildly, water hyacinth will block the river, affect water quality, reduce the oxygen content in the water, so it will affect the habitat environment of aquatic organisms.

I remember when I was a child, I went to the river to watch the elders fishing, and I encountered a large number of water hyacinths, and they would fish the water hyacinth near the shore to make a place where they could fish, but often they couldn't catch any fish, and slowly now people have begun to pay attention to the harm caused by water hyacinth, and began to eliminate a large number of water hyacinth to protect water quality.

In addition to water hyacinth, I know the most is the Canadian goldenrod, in my hometown of Hubei, I can often see the famous goldenrod on the local news, this flower is really powerful, it is said that at the beginning of the goldenrod was also introduced into our country because of ornamentation, and later the reason why the goldenrod will cause harm to the ecology is because they have a long growth cycle, and will seize the nutrients of other crops, which will lead to crop yields, and serious may lead to all crops withering.

It can really be said that everywhere you go, there is no grass.

Generally speaking, the reason for the invasion of alien species is mostly due to the flooding caused by the introduction of human beings into China, and most of them have in common that they are tenacious, have no natural enemies, and are toxic and harmful.

I remember reading a news some time ago, we found a snake in a community garden here, after the residents reported, the relevant departments took the snake away, after the staff identified, the species is a foreign snake species, there is no local, so it is very likely that the residents bought it as a pet on the Internet, because they don't want to raise it or accidentally let it out, resulting in the snake affecting the life of the residents of the community.

Having said that, I really have friends around me who have bred foreign breeds of chameleons, forest frogs and other rare breeds of animals, and my country's laws do not stipulate that foreign pets are not allowed, so if you make a small move, it may affect the ecological environment.

When raising these pets, you must prevent it from escaping from the "home", and at the same time, if you don't want to raise it, don't throw it away, contact the relevant animal department to properly deal with its aftermath, and don't cause the annoying thing of new creatures to invade!

Good afternoon, the hazards of biological invasion are: 1. Biological invasion will seriously damage the diversity of organisms, some species will accelerate the extinction, and will also destroy the ecological balance, in addition, invasive alien organisms may carry some microorganisms to pose a threat to human health. In China, from south to north and from east to west, the troubles caused by these alien biological invaders can be seen almost everywhere.

China is one of the countries most affected by the invasion of alien species. 2. Invasive alien species are the number one enemy that threatens biodiversity, after the invasive species are introduced into other places, due to the lack of natural natural enemies and other constraints that can restrict their reproduction in their new environment, the consequence is that they spread rapidly, expand in large quantities, form dominant populations, and compete with local species for limited food resources and space resources, which directly leads to the degradation of local species, and even extinction. 3. Biological invasion will affect the water and other nutrients of plant soil, as well as the structural stability and genetic diversity of biological communities, thereby destroying the local ecological balance.

Environmental experts believe that in recent years, the invasion of alien organisms in China has been increasing, and the resulting biosecurity problems are becoming more and more serious, and it is urgent to effectively prevent the invasion of alien species. <>

I hope my answer can help you, and I wish you and your family good health, a happy life, and a happy life!

1. Phoenix-eyed blue is often overpropagated, blocking waterways and affecting traffic. It affects shipping and excretion, and becomes the number one enemy of agriculture, water conservancy and environmental protection. It restricts the flow of the water body, reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body, inhibits the growth of plankton, and destroys the ecological environment of the river.

It provides a breeding ground for keina bacteria such as schistosomiasis and encephalitis influenza, breeding for mosquitoes and flies, and providing opportunities for mosquito larvae to breathe and reproduce.

2. The snail has a strong ability to adapt to the environment and reproduces quickly, so it quickly spreads in rivers, lakes and fields; Its large appetite and wide variety of food can disrupt the growth of food crops, vegetables and aquatic crops.

3. Spartina alterniflora has strong fecundity in tidal flat wetland habitats and threatens the indigenous species of coastal wetlands around the world, so many countries are implementing large-scale control plans for it as an invasive plant.

4. Mikania climbs and entangles trees and shrubs in its suitable habitat, presses on the top of its canopy, hinders the photosynthesis of the main plant and then leads to the death of the attached plant, which is one of the most dangerous harmful plants in the world.

5. Hollow lotus seed grass will block the waterway and affect water traffic; crowding out other plants, the drought-loving lotus seed grass made the community species singular; Covering the water surface, affecting fish growth and fishing; damage to crops in farmland and loss of yields; The proliferation of ditches in the field affects the drainage and irrigation of farmland. invading wetlands and lawns, destroying landscapes; Breeding and grinding mosquitoes and flies endanger human health.

Biological invasion pathways.

1. Natural invasion.

This kind of invasion is not caused by human causes, but is caused by biological hazards caused by natural migration of plant seeds or animal larvae, eggs or microorganisms through wind vectors, water flows or by insects and birds.

For example, Eupatorium purple, Mikania and the American spotted diver are all natural factors that have invaded China.

2. Unintentional introduction.

Although this introduction method is artificially introduced, there is no subjective intention to introduce it, but it is accompanied by import and export**, sea vessels or inbound tourism are inadvertently introduced.

For example, the "pine wood nematode" was brought in by Sun Dou, a Chinese first-class businessman, when he imported the equipment, along with the wooden packing box. The release of millions of tons of ballast water from sea vessels sailing in the world's seas has also become a major channel for the unintentional introduction of aquatic organisms. In addition, fruits, vegetables, meat, and even the soles of passengers' shoes carried by inbound passengers may become channels for unintentional invasion of alien organisms.

3. Intentional introduction.

This is the most important channel for the invasion of alien organisms, and countries around the world often consciously introduce excellent animal and plant varieties for the needs of developing agriculture, forestry and fisheries. For example, at the beginning of the 20th century, New Zealand introduced kiwifruit from China, and the United States introduced soybeans from China. However, due to the lack of a comprehensive risk assessment system, countries around the world have introduced a large number of pests while introducing excellent varieties, such as rice grass, water peanut, and Fushou snail.

These invasive species are thriving in the absence of natural predators due to the alteration of the species' living environment and food chain.