Briefly describe the definition and characteristics of open access?

There are three main ways to implement open access:

1) OpenAccess Journal;

2) Open Access Library;

3) Author self-archiving.

Open Access (OA) or open access is an action taken by the international academic, publishing, and library and information communities to promote the free dissemination of scientific research results through the Internet.

Its purpose is to promote the extensive exchange of scientific and humanities information, promote the use of the Internet for scientific communication and publication, improve the public use of scientific research, ensure the preservation of scientific information, and improve the efficiency of scientific research.

There is no unified standard for the classification of open access resources, and researchers have proposed a variety of basis for classification:

BOAI proposes two strategies to achieve open access: one is to establish "self-archiving", also known as "self-archiving"; The second is to create "open access journals". Self-archiving means that the author stores ** in the form of "eprint" electronic documents in the data repository of the institution, and the self-archiving data repository can be divided into discipline-based open access repository and institution-based open access repository.

From the perspective of network users, open access can be divided into two types, one is the simple access type, and the other is the first AC type. Pure access means that network users can access valuable information and information resources for free through this way, and their communication with information sources is an indirect form, and most of the time, users use this form of open access only for the purpose of access. This type mainly includes open access journals, open access repositories, personal web sites, and other types.

**Communicative type means that in this way, network users can not only obtain valuable information resources very conveniently and freely, but also directly convey feedback information to the information source while obtaining this information. This type mainly includes blogs, wikis, mailing list services, P2P document sharing networks, forums, etc.

From the perspective of the types of open access resources, open access resources are divided into: open access books, open access journals, and open access **.

Some researchers divide open access resources into three types: first, institutional resource banks. It is created and maintained by universities, university libraries, research institutes, ** departments and other types of institutions.

The second is the discipline resource library. Mainly refers to the preprint repository. The third is open journals.

Generally, the method of paid publication by the author and free access by the reader is adopted, and the peer review system is as strict as that of traditional journals.

OA Journal. Open Access Journals is a free online journal designed to provide all users with unrestricted access to the full text of the journal via the Internet. This kind of journal generally adopts the mode of operation of paid publication by the quieter, free access to readers, and unlimited use, and the copyright is retained by the author.

In terms of quality control, OA journals are similar to traditional journals in that they employ a rigorous peer review system. Instead of using copyright to restrict access to and use of published documents, open access journals use copyright and other tools to ensure that documents are publicly accessible in perpetuity.

OA warehousing. OA storage, also known as OA knowledge base, includes both discipline-based storage and institution-based storage.

Discipline OA storage first appeared in the fields of physics, computer, astronomy and other natural sciences, and took the form of preprints for academic exchanges in the field of special topics on the Internet. As a result, some academic organizations began to spontaneously collect this shareable academic information, organize it and store it in a server for users to access and use for free. Up to now, many discipline OA repositories still exist mainly in the form of preprint resource libraries, which are open to all researchers in a certain subject area or multiple disciplines, and provide free literature access and retrieval services for exchange and learning.

The main body of institutional OA storage is generally university libraries, scientific research institutes or academic organizations, and the storage objects are various valuable resources generated by the internal members of the organization or institution in the process of academic research, such as project research results (including proposal reports, interim reports, final reports, etc.), investigation and research reports, master's and doctoral degrees, conferences, and even course handouts, multi-materials, etc. Although these materials may not have been officially published, they still have certain academic value as the output of academic research in the process of lead and slag activities. If it can be effectively used through active storage and management, it will also play a positive role in promoting and promoting the scientific research and innovation activities of other scholars within the organization.

Other OA resources.

In addition to the above two forms, various other forms of OA resources have also emerged, such as personal**, e-books, blogs, academic forums, file-sharing networks, etc. However, these resources are released more freely, lack a strict quality assurance mechanism, and are more arbitrary than the first two types of open access publishing forms, and their academic value is uneven.

1) Convenient submission.

2) Publication is fast.

3) Low publication costs.

4) It is convenient to transmit or publish a large amount of data and information.

5) Easy to retrieve.

6) Have a wide readership and visibility.

Statistical surveys have shown that OA publishing can significantly increase the citation rate of **. For example, a survey of 119 924 published computer science conferences** found that the average number of citations for OA** and the average number of citations for non-OA** was; For example, in the discipline of electronic engineering, the average number of citations of OA** published in the same journal is that of OA** and the average number of citations of non-OA** is; In Mathematics**, the average number of citations for OA** and for non-OA** is .