Sunflower planting is more and more extensive, what are the common pests and diseases of sunflowers?

Sunflowers are also known as sunflowers. The functions of sunflowers are mainly divided into two main categories, edible and ornamental. The flower spikes, seed shells and stems of sunflowers can be used as feed and industrial raw materials, such as rayon, pulp, etc.

The flower language of sunflower is silent love, bright and warm, implying optimism, courage and self-improvement. So today, let's take a look at the more and more sunflower planting, what are the common pests and diseases of sunflowers?

1.Bacterial diseases.

The main disease of sunflower bacterial disease is sunflower bacterial stem rot, which occurs when the sunflower field flowers and sets plate, and the damage is more serious, which has a direct impact on the yield of sunflower. In mid to late July, sunflowers are susceptible to bacterial stem rot, which mainly damages the stems of sunflowers, and may also affect the flower discs. In the early stage of sunflower infection, the stem tissue becomes brown or black, and gradually expands to the pith, so that the pith tissue is black rot, and accompanied by brown or black paste or ink-like liquid, which is easy to cause the stem to crack; Due to the disease, the hollow stem in the pith is soft rot, causing the flower disc to fold.

The disease deepens and even causes black rot of the flower disc, and finally causes the decay and atrophy of the flower disc.

2.Viral hazards.

In the actual growth of sunflower, its viral diseases are mainly reflected in: its mosaic virus disease, which seriously affects the growth and development of sunflower. Due to the wide transmission route of viral hazards, it is easy to cause large-scale infection, which reduces the yield of sunflower to a certain extent.

At the same time, in the early stage of sunflower mosaic virus disease, the systematic mosaic leaves show green ring spots, etc., resulting in the death of the top of the plant and the deformation of the flower disc, which will have a serious impact on the growth of sunflower if it cannot be effectively controlled in time.

3.Sunflower brown spot disease.

Brown spot disease can occur at both seedling and adult stages. Cotyledons and seedlings have nearly round brown lesions on the infected leaves, yellow halos on the periphery, and grayish-white on the back of the lesions. The adult plant is infected with polygonal, brown, and yellow halos, and small black spots are born on the lesions in the later stage, that is, the conidia of the pathogen.

Rainy and damp, the lesions are easy to fall off or perforated, the severely diseased lesions are fused, and the whole leaf dies. The stems and petioles are infected with brown and narrow strips. It is an important disease that is widely distributed in the world.

Cotton bollworm, grass borer, ground tiger, brown spot, grub, are common pests and diseases, which are likely to slow down the development of roots and may also cause spots on the leaves.

It will appear seven-star ladybug and some, borer, Mongolian gray weevil, black velvet beetle, leaf miner fly these are a common disease, the insect is powerful and will cause great harm to sunflowers.

There are grass borer, mole cricket, ground tiger, needle worm, beetle, weevil, and cotton bollworm. Usually be sure to spray more trichlorfon, and then be sure to pay attention to ventilation management.

Sunflower is a barren, salinity-tolerant, drought-resistant crop, which can be grown except for swampy soil, heavy sandy soil, and limestone soil.

Powdery mildew. Symptoms: When powdery mildew occurs, the leaves begin to appear white, round, powdery spots that enlarge and join together. Brown spots appear on the powdery layer, and the plant stops growing.

Prevention and control: After the disease, the diseased leaves and residues should be removed in time and burned in a centralized manner; At the beginning of the disease, 500 times 50% methyl tobuzin wettable powder or the same amount of Bordeaux liquid can be sprayed for prevention and control.

Melanoma. Symptoms: Sunflower can be infected at all stages of growth, with light brown mildew on the lesions, round, oval or spindle-shaped petiole lesions, and the lesions are connected into large patches, making the leaves black and necrotic. The disease progresses rapidly and is severe.

Prevention and control: It can be controlled by disinfection of the substrate, reasonable watering, increasing air circulation, intermittent spraying of protective fungicides, etc. At the initial stage of the disease, 500 times carbendazim 50% wettable powder solution or 1000 times thiophanate-methyl 70% wettable powder solution were sprayed at the same time on the basal and diseased leaves, and sprayed twice at an interval of 10 days.

The larvae of the snouting moth.

Symptoms: It is the most serious pest of sunflowers. Between the seeds on the disc, it decays into criss-crossing tunnels, and the insect droppings and dregs left behind by the damaged part cause the disc to rot. The yield and quality of sunflowers are seriously affected.

Control: Selecting borer-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure. The best time for prevention and treatment is 1-2 years (10 days), and contact killers can be used. The larvae burrow into the seeds at the 3rd instar to obtain gallnut, so they must be controlled with an in-house insecticide.

Sunflower spot blight.

Symptoms: The disease can occur in the seedling and growth stages. The cotyledons and infected leaves of the seedlings have nearly rounded brown spots with yellow halos around them and grayish-white spots on the back.

The lesions of the adult plant are polygonal, brownish-yellow halo, and there are small black spots on the lesions in the later stage, that is, the conidia of the pathogen. It is rainy and damp, and the lesions are easy to peel off or perforate. Severe lesions fuse, and the whole leaf dies.

The stems and petioles are infected with brown streaks. It is an important disease that is widely distributed throughout the world.

Control: crop rotation, stubble. Crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than 3 years to promote the coordination of soil nutrient proportion; Soil preparation and seed selection.

Completely remove diseased leaves before culture to reduce the source of bacteria. Deeply plough the land, actively conserve moisture, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Choose excellent disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions.

Sow seeds at the right time as needed, and the planting density is reasonable; On-site management. Scientific fertilization, the use of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, improve plant disease resistance; Before flowering, it should be sprayed to enhance the physiological function of sunflower, improve the quality of fertilization and grain filling, reduce the empty shell rate, increase the seed setting rate, and increase the yield. Reasonable irrigation, timely drainage after rain, reduce field humidity; Chemical control.

Sunflower brown disease is also known as blight. It can occur at both seedling and adult stages. When cotyledons and seedlings are infected, the leaves are nearly round brown, with yellow halos on the periphery and grayish-white on the back of the disease.

When the adult plant is infected, it is polygonal, brown, and has a yellow halo, and small black spots are born on the disease in the later stage, that is, the conidia of the pathogen. Rainy and damp, the disease is easy to fall off or perforated, the severe disease is fused, and the whole leaf dies. When the stems and petioles are infected, they are brown and narrow, and the strips are long.

It is an important disease that is widely distributed in the world.

Sunflower sclerotinia sclerotinia is caused by the pathogen sclerotinia disc, which mostly occurs in the low temperature and rainy period of spring, when the stem or leaf of sunflower appears brown lesions, with the development of the disease, the brown lesions gradually spread to other parts, and finally the lesions form concentric ring lines. In a humid environment, white hyphae and brown sclerotia appear at the lesions, and when the disease is severe, the plant is wilted and wilted, and the diseased tissue is decayed and easy to break, and there is a black sclerotia inside.

There are some pests and diseases that need to be controlled, and this may also affect the growth rate and yield of sunflowers, so in this case, you must pay attention to spraying some pesticides frequently.

It can be used to remove the disease residues in the field, and when it is found that there are some bad ones, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, carry out late sowing appropriately, and also implement crop rotation in raw ways.

When there are pests and diseases, some drugs can be used to control them, and they can be prevented in advance, and when sunflowers are planted, the soil can be disinfected and the plants can be disinfected.

Flower thrips, Verticillium wilt, downy mildew, rust, black spot, must be ventilated in time, but also to control the moisture of the soil, do not water too much, to increase the drainage of the soil, but also to use compound fertilizer reasonably.

Sunflowers grow quickly and generally bloom after two months of planting. Its flower type can be divided into single-petal, multi-petal, single-flowered, and multi-flowered. Different varieties determine different uses, let's talk about what to pay attention to when planting sunflowers?

1. It is a very hardy flower that grows every year. When a flower withers, it means that it has come to an end. The golden flowers are not beautiful at all. They are the standard for summer. They bloom in the direction of the sun's growth, which is its unique growing point.

The temperature difference between day and night is relatively small, and it will grow faster. If the planting temperature is low, malnutrition is more likely to occur, so pay more attention to changes in environmental temperature when planting. When the soil temperature is higher than three degrees, the seeds begin to stir; If you are taller, it will take root and sprout faster.

Throughout its growth stage, as long as the soil is above 10 degrees, there will be no problems with flowering and fruiting.

Third, in fact, there is no requirement for soil. Any kind of soil can be grown and is very salt-tolerant. Even if the soil salt content of the potted plum is slightly higher, it will not be fatal to its growth.

The seedlings are still thriving, and they are highly resistant to drought and waterlogging. It is said to bloom normally after soaking in water or in a dry environment for up to a month. Although the quality of potting soil is not required, it is necessary to maintain a good dry and wet condition.

Although there is no fatal effect, the impact on the amount of flowers is not small.

Fourth, the plant type of sunflower is relatively high, the leaves are not very dense, the leaf spacing is still very large, and the water consumption is also very large, but at the same time it is very drought tolerant. Of course, if there are conditions, it is natural to increase the water, and the yield will go up. Its drought resistance is phased, and the requirements for water and fertilizer vary greatly from one growth stage to another.

From sowing to budding, the water requirement is relatively low, and it is good to replenish water occasionally. A proper lack of water can make the root system grow stronger. From budding to flowering is the peak period of water demand.

If there is a lack of water, it has a great impact on the amount of flowers.

Fifth, however, the amount of rain will be more abundant at this time, and there is basically no need to worry about replenishing water for open-air planting. However, there is also a high demand for water from flowering to seed maturity. Although it is lower than the previous stage, it still needs to be watered with large water, and the weather at this time is not so ideal, so it can only be replenished manually.

When planting, we must choose the soil is more fertile and wide land, and we must use farmhouse fertilizer when fertilizing, do not use fertilizer bought outside, and often water the plants, but also to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. But I think the most important thing is that when planting sunflowers, the seeds must be soaked in water for about three hours.

When planting sunflowers, first of all, choose soil with good air permeability and water absorption, and it is best to choose sandy soil. Before planting summer sunflowers, the seeds should be soaked in warm water so that they can germinate quickly, after planting sunflowers, a layer of plastic film should be laid, and the shape of the circle can play a role in promoting germination.

Pay attention to the soil, weather, temperature, variety of sunflower, amount of watering, and fertilization for a while.

Be sure to choose a large area of suitable soil for the orange tomb, the soil must be pH balanced, and the soil must be fertile, the soil must be round and moist, and try to choose black soil.

The first to choose the seeds must be the first to choose the best seeds, when planting sunflowers, must choose a sunny place, to choose in March for planting.

Choose some soil that is more fertile and very wide. Sufficient sunlight should also be sufficient, and in the process of planting, be sure to use farmhouse fertilizer, do not use the fertilizer you bought. Be sure to water it regularly after planting. In addition, it is necessary to prevent the number of pests and diseases.

<> sunflower is the mother plant of sunflower seeds, a snack that everyone is very familiar with. It is also known as sunrise flower, sunflower flower, chrysanthemum, passionflower, and sunflower. It is a sunflower plant of the Asteraceae family native to North America.

It is named sunflower because of its sun-turning properties. Its seeds are not only nutritious, but sunflower as an economic crop, which has brought great benefits to the economic development of farmers in Tianshui Mountain. Every summer, when you go out, you can see a sea of golden sunflowers all over the mountains.

Nowadays, sunflowers have gradually faded into obscurity.

Sunflowers need plenty of sunlight to grow, and sunflower flower discs have strong phototaxis, rotating with the sun. Sunflower has a strong adaptability to temperature, seeds can germinate at a temperature of more than 2 degrees, 4-5 degrees can take root, seeds germinate quickly in high temperature weather, although sunflower is a short-day plant but the sunshine requirements are not strict. The growth likes sufficient light, and the seedlings, leaves, and especially the flower disc are very phototropic, and the flower disc can rotate with the sun, so it is named "sunflower".

Like small oil sunflower plantlets are not tall to be planted as ornamental flowers, because its flowers are small in the flower shop convenient packaging, at home to plant as ornamental flowers is also a good choice, the only disadvantage is that the ornamental sunflower fruit particles are smaller, and the use of seeds is not too large. This method facilitates farming and mechanization because of one crop per land. Under the old farming tools, the row spacing is generally the same as that of other field crops.

Jilin Province is 60 cm, the plant spacing is far, and 100 cm, 1100-1500 seedlings per mu.

Plurping summer sowing has many advantages over spring sowing. Since most of the sunflowers are planted on wheat stubble, the soil is relatively fertile, generally upper and medium; Wheat is fertilized and irrigated a lot, the deep moisture is sufficient, and there is residual fertilizer; The land has irrigation conditions, and it can be irrigated in case of drought; The temperature of summer sowing is high, because the sowing period plays a decisive role in the onset of flowering, and the disease of flowering will seriously reduce the yield and quality, or even eliminate the yield. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the sowing date, so that the flowering date that is susceptible to disease can be advanced or staggered to the high temperature and high humidity rainy season suitable for disease.