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What is poetry?

The word "poem" is the abbreviation of the "Book of Songs" in the Four Books and the Five Classics (Poems, Books, Rites, Yi, Spring and Autumn). The Book of Songs was originally called "poetry", and was later regarded as a classic by Confucianism, so it was called "The Book of Songs". The Book of Songs is the first collection of poetry in China.

Poetry was originally sung with music, so it was also called "poetry", and later evolved into a literary genre that broke away from **.

1. Definition of poetry:

1 Ci Hai: It is one of the earliest literary genres. In accordance with the requirements of certain syllables, tones and rhythms, it uses concise language, abundant feelings, and rich imagination to express social life and people's spiritual world in a highly concentrated manner.

2 Modern Chinese Dictionary: A literary genre that reflects life and expresses feelings through rhythmic and rhyming language.

2. Interpretation of the definition of poetry (according to the Modern Chinese Dictionary).

1) Rhythmic, rhyming language.

Old style poems have strict requirements in terms of rhythm and rhyme. In particular, the Tang Dynasty's near-style poems and the Song Dynasty's words have strict regulations on the number of words, ping, battle, diction, rhyme, etc.

Yongliu" He Zhizhang.

Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan" Zhang Jiuling.

Twilight River Yin" Bai Juyi.

Acacia Wang Wei.

A collection of narrative poems.

1, "Silent Night Thoughts".

Don Lee Bai. The bright moonlight in front of the bed is suspected to be frost on the ground.

Raise your head to look at the bright moon and bow your head to think of your hometown.

2, "Except for the Night".

Don Gosch. The cold lights of the hotel never sleep, and the guest's heart turned sad.

The hometown thinks of thousands of miles tonight, and the Ming Dynasty is sad for another year.

3, "Rain".

Don Bai Juyi.

The fog is heavy today, and the rivers and mountains are deep here.

The sound of the beach is more urgent, and the gorge is cloudy.

Looking at the clouds and covering the eyes, homesick raindrops.

How will you comfort the solitude? Rely on this north window piano.

4, "Cold Food in the Guest".

Don Lee. The trip was cold food, homesick tear wipes.

The music book is broken outside the sky, and the peach and plum rain in spring.

There is no clue to drink, but there seems to be a reason for chanting.

Lose to his suburbs, how many people go to the green.

5, "Poppy Beauty".

Don Li Yu. When is the spring flower and autumn moon? How much do you know about the past?

Xiaolou had another east wind last night, so the country could not afford to look back at the moonlight.

The carved fence and jade masonry should still be there, but the face has changed.

How sad can you be?

It is like a river flowing eastward.

6, "Autumn Thoughts on the River Bank".

Don Du Xunhe.

Drive the horse by the river, nostalgia is born step by step.

Raise the whip and wave the willow color, and lose the sound of cicadas in your hand.

The autumn crops are long, and the cold clouds are about the ancient city.

The family is poor and has no land to return to farming.

7, "Sending Friends to the South on the River".

Don Zhang Qiao. Where nostalgia accumulates, the end of the world gathers turbulence.

The shore is long and the group is late, and the lake is wide and sails in autumn.

Buy wine and go through the fishing house, divide the lights and fishing boats.

When Xiaoxiang sees the geese, he should think of traveling alone.

8, "Homesickness in the Winter Mountains".

Don Zhouhe. Ohno began to be strict, and the clouds and the sky were clear.

The trees are cold and scarce, and the mountains are rarely monks.

Collect the snow in the window on the back day, and open the furnace to release inkstone ice.

Suddenly returned to his homeland, and wanted to live in Xiling.

9, "Autumn Hope in the Ancient City of Yunmeng".

Don Rongyu. The ruins of the old country are here, and you want to visit the old one.

Once the people change, thousands of years of water and empty flow.

The dream of Zhu is late, and the Jingmen trees are autumn.

The clouds are not dispersed, and the nostalgia is seen from afar.

10, "Hometown Apricot Blossoms".

Don Sikong Tu.

Send flowers and wine to enjoy the new bloom, the left flower branch and the right cup.

If you want to ask about flowers and branches and cups of wine, why are people different?

11, "Homesickness Outside the River".

Don Wezhuang. Every year in the spring, the foreign land is sad, and the Duqu yellow warbler can be known.

It was also sunset on the bank of the river, and there was a trace of smoke and willows.

12, "Far Look".

Don Yuanzhen. The eyes are full of sad winter scenery and, a mountain mangrove temple side.

Zhongxuan is infinitely homesick and tears, and Zhangshui flows eastward with jasper waves.

13, "and Sanxiang Poems".

Don Goqu. Thousands of mountains and mountains in the north and south, Xuanche who does not miss home.

Leaving Fang Han's sad traces alone, Mo is afraid of hurting Tao Li Yan.

14, "Homesickness".

Don Xue Tao. The water of Emei Mountain is like oil, and I pity my heart and do not tie the boat.

When the film sails away from Jinpu, the voice sings in unison.

1. Read the poems and guess the riddles:

1. "Thousands of hammers are chiseled out of the deep mountains, and the fire is burned as if it is idle." Don't be afraid of broken bones, you have to leave your innocence in the world. ”

Guess a building material (lime).

2. "A hibiscus is planted on the top, and the colorful clothes do not need to be cut with scissors." I didn't dare to speak lightly in my life, and I sang thousands of doors. ”

Guess an animal (rooster).

2. Please verse with the ancients.

1. The sun rises in the east and rains in the west, and the road is sunny but sunny.

2. In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people.

3. Jiuqu Yellow River is thousands of miles of sand, and the waves are blowing from the end of the world.

4. The month of the chicken sound Maodian, the track of the bridge frost.

5. Children and grandchildren have not been solved for farming and weaving, and they also learn to grow melons in Sangyin.

6. I advise Tiangong to be vigorous and reduce talents without sticking to one pattern.

7, Ping Ming looked for the white feather, not in the stone ridge.

8. Thousands of miles of yellow clouds are dawning, and the north wind is blowing geese and snow.

9. The spring is silent and cherishes the trickle, and the shade of the tree shines on the water and loves the sunshine.

10. The spring tide brings rain and comes in a hurry, and the wild ferry is self-across.

3. Explain the meaning of the punctuated words in the verse. (Rice see the point, no solution).

1, Weicheng towards the rain and light dust, (

2. The white hair is 3,000 zhang, and the fate is like a long one. （

3. Huang Siniang's house is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are low in the branches. （

4. Singing during the day must be indulged in wine, and youth is a good companion to return to the hometown. （

5. The south of the Yangtze River is good, and the scenery is old: (

Fourth, the ancients often saw things and chanted poems, praising every grass and tree in nature. How many poems like this can you write? Please choose any 3 of the following scenes, and pay attention to the name of the poem and the author: willow tree, moon, plum blossom, lotus, waterfall, snow, maple leaf.

Tang He Zhizhang's "Song of Willows" jasper is made into a tree high, and ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down. I don't know who cut out the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors.

Tang Li Bai's "Silent Night Thoughts" The bright moonlight in front of the bed, suspected to be frost on the ground, raised his head to look at the bright moon, and bowed his head to think of his hometown.

Song Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossoms" has several plums in the corner, and Ling Han opens it alone. I know that it is not snow, but there is a dark fragrance.

The following is omitted six, and the following verses are supplemented with the corresponding place names of the bureau beams:

1. I don't know the true face of (Lushan), only because I am in this mountain.

2. Looking at the landscape of the (Tang River) from afar, there is a green snail on the plate.

3. (Vermilion Bird Bridge) side weeds and flowers, (Wuyi Lane) mouth sunset slope.

4, why should Qiang Di complain about the willows, the spring breeze is not (Yumen Pass).

7. Fill in the name of the animal or plant in parentheses.

1. The old man left the West (Yellow Crane) Building, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March.

2. Xisai Mountain Front (egret) flies, and peach blossom flowing water (mandarin fish) is fat.

3. Withered (vine) old trees (crows), small bridges and flowing water.

4. The flowers are gradually charming to the eyes, and the shallow (grass) can not have (horse) hooves.

5. Children rush to chase (yellow butterflies) and fly into (cauliflower) nowhere to be found.

6. The mud melts the mountain and flies (swallows), and the sand warms and sleeps (mandarin ducks).

7. Chaimen heard (dogs) barking, and returned to people on a snowy night.

Mother (a).

Mother, Mother is like the winter sun, she encourages me, comforts me, and warms my heart when I encounter setbacks.

Mother fights, mother is like a light in the night, when I am lost, she will guide me, illuminate me, and walk towards the light, mother, mother is like the bright moon in the autumn night, when I am lonely and helpless, she will accompany me, support me, and give me confidence.

Mother, she is busy for me all day long, tirelessly, without regrets, so, on this annual Mother's Day.

I want to say, Mom, thank you! I love you!

A Mother's Love (2).

The mountains are not as high as the love of a mother;

The sea is not as deep as a mother's love;

Heaven, without the love of a mother is vast;

earth, without the love of a mother;

The sun is not warm without a mother's love;

The clouds are white without a mother's love;

Flowers, splendid without a mother's love.

Greetings to friends.

Classified according to content: it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, side poems, landscape idylls, nostalgic poems (epic poems), poetry of things, mourning poems, and satirical poems.

1) Nostalgic poems.

It is generally nostalgic for ancient characters and deeds. Yongshi nostalgic poems often kink historical facts and reality together, or lament personal encounters, or criticize social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia", lamenting personal encounters, the contradiction between ideals and reality, is more than half a hundred years old, and his achievements have not been successful.

Xin Qiji's "Yongyule Jingkou Beiguting Nostalgia" expresses his dissatisfaction with the imperial court and attacks social reality. There are also poems that are just a calm and rational reflection and evaluation of history, or only an objective narrative, and the poet's own experience is not among them, and the poet's emotion is just a voice-over-the-picture. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane", the contrast between the present and the past, expresses the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes.

2) Poetry of Songs.

The characteristics of poetry are that the content takes a certain object as the object of description, and grasps some of its characteristics to deliberately describe. Ideologically, it is often a matter of words. From things to people, from reality to virtuality, write spiritual character. Metaphor, symbolism, personification, contrast and other expressive techniques are commonly used.

3) Landscape idyll.

Xie Lingyun of the Southern Dynasty opened a precedent of landscape poetry, Tao Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty opened a precedent of pastoral poetry, and developed to the Tang Dynasty, there was a school of landscape idyll, and the representative figures were Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape idylls are known for describing natural scenery, rural scenery and a comfortable and tranquil secluded life, with timeless and beautiful poetry, quiet and elegant style, and beautiful and refined language.

4) War poems.

Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, there were poems with the theme of border and war, and developed to the Tang Dynasty, because the wars were still frequent, the rulers emphasized military force and light literature, and it was much easier for scholars to invite merit to the side court to win fame than by the imperial examination.

5) Travel poems and resentment poems.

The ancients were away for a long time, or wandered for a long time, or lived at the border for a long time, which always caused a strong feeling of homesickness and nostalgia, so there are many such poems, they either write about the thoughts of the detainee, or write about the thoughts of relatives and friends, or write about the homesickness of the people, or write about the boudoir and cherish the people. In writing, it may touch the scene and hurt the feelings, or feel the feelings, or convey the feelings of the objects, or send the feelings because of dreams, or convey the feelings of metaphors.

6) Farewell poems.

In ancient times, due to the inconvenience of transportation and the extremely underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to see each other for several years, so the ancients attached great importance to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine and candied farewells, folded willows to send each other, and sometimes chanted poems to say goodbye, so parting feelings have become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Due to the different circumstances of each person, the specific content and ideological tendencies written in the farewell poems are often different.

Some directly express the feelings of parting, some use it to vent their anger or express their intentions, some focus on writing about parting sorrow and hatred, some focus on exhortation, encouragement, comfort, and some both.

Ancient poems (rhythmic poems) are now written by very few people.

The average person writes new poems in free form.

Four sentences in one paragraph, six sentences in one paragraph, or unequal, or not at all, very free. Can rhyme or not.

But be poetic. Poetry is imagery. Poetry is like poetry, and poetry is like vernacular.

Poetry is primarily about imagery and the author's intentions. The two are inextricably linked. The imagery of the poem is clearly a boat and the sea. They symbolize tenacious life and a life of twists and turns.

The boat seems aimless, but it has its own direction. No matter how vast the world is, life will have its own direction with time, even if there is a short period of blindness and helplessness, but it is impossible to resist the pace of life's progress, just like standing at a crossroads, there may be a short period of depression but will eventually choose a direction to continue walking.

The ship often experiences twists and turns in the sea, because of the danger and thrill, but it still sails tenaciously on the crest of the waves. Every life is constantly experiencing setbacks, and every life has tribulations that are incomprehensible and incomprehensible. Tenacious life is a boat on the crest of the waves, able to stand on the tribulation or continue to move forward with the help of tribulation, no life will be beaten by life, if it is truly tenacious.

The wreckage of a broken ship is the mottling and gaps it leaves behind when it experiences wind and waves and pierces the sea. This is not the mark of wind and waves, but the mark of tenacity. No life is perfect, because it loses things in one ordeal after another, but it is insignificant compared to the harvest of these, and it is the struggle again and again that makes the tenacious life more determined.

In the end, the once turbulent but now boundless sea is the biggest pride of the broken ship. When the years precipitate, looking back on the ups and downs of the past, now they are all calm, smiling, they are the most wonderful dances in life.

The above is my understanding, I am tired to death, and I hit it in one go.

The imagery of this poem refers to the brave people in life, who do not retreat even on the cusp of difficulties, use their own efforts to overcome it, and have no regrets even if they will lose completely.

Personal analysis, for reference only.

Brother, this is Pushkin's "If Life Deceives You". The full text is as follows:

If life deceived you Pushkin.

If life deceives you, don't be sad, don't be anxious!

Calm in a gloomy day:

Believe it! Happy days will come.

The heart is always yearning for the future;

Now it's often melancholy:

Everything is instantaneous, everything will pass;

And what has passed will become a cordial remembrance.

1825.