Is the Sacr Coeur Basilica in Paris, France, Byzantine or Romanesque

The Basilique du Sacré Coeur is located in the Butte de Montmartre in Paris. The church is architecturally unique, both Romanesque and Byzantine. The inside of the bell tower is square, and there is a large bell, called the Sava Man Bell, which weighs 19 tons and is one of the world's famous bells.

The church has three arched doors. The top of the door is flanked by two statues on horseback, one of which is King Saint-Louis. The other is Joan of Arc, France's national heroine.

It was built in 1876 and inaugurated in 1919 with donations from faithful throughout France. Inside the church there are many reliefs, frescoes and mosaics. The attraction here is Place Montmartre, the most artistic place in Paris.

I don't know when it began, it became a large open-air studio, where many young painters sketched.

Its large, white dome has a chic style that combines Romanesque and Byzantine styles. The large dome is surrounded by four small domes, which has a very Middle Eastern atmosphere. At the back of the church, there is a square bell tower with a height of 84 meters, which contains the world's largest Sava bell, weighing 19 tons, which is one of the largest bells in the world.

The façade of the church is flanked by three arched doors, and the large dome is flanked by two equestrian statues: Saint-Louis, King of France, and Joan of Arc, the national heroine.

The Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Paris is Romanesque.

Florence churchborrowedByzantine architecture, the main feature of Byzantine architecture is the large and prominent dome. Brunelleschi drew on the medieval tradition of the building when designing the huge dome in the center of the Florentine church, and spent several years studying the architectural achievements of ancient Rome to complete this great building.

From this church onwards, the Italian Gothic style is marked.

The era of architecture has passed, and a new, creative era is dawning.

The spiritual pursuit of architecture

The process of building the church not only reflects the special formal beauty, but also reflects the noble spiritual pursuit of the architects and craftsmen. German sociologist Max Weber.

It is believed that the core theory of Protestantism, which arose at that time, was that it advocated that people should regard work as a "vocation", that is, some kind of earthly task assigned by God to individuals. Such a doctrinal branch undoubtedly gives moral significance to hard work.

On the other hand, in the cultural environment of conquering time and space, the ever-increasing church domes and spires have become the material space sustenance for people's spiritual pursuit of sacred religion.

Driven by the "vocation" and "spiritual pursuit", the architects tried to break through the limitations of the human body by inventing exquisite devices, and the craftsmen did not hesitate to risk their lives working at heights to cooperate in the operation of the device, and everyone worked together for more than 30 years to build the sacred cathedral pavilion and spire. This difficult construction process is a process for human beings to break through their own limits, and embodies the yearning and pursuit of human beings for a lofty spiritual space.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Byzantine.

1. The basic typical example of Romanesque architecture is the church, just as the temple was to ancient Greek art. In a time of intense religious conviction, it was only natural that the church would be the main building, and that it was the richest, most learned, best-equipped, and ubiquitous institution of the time.

2. In terms of technical treatment, the design and construction of Romanesque buildings are mainly based on vaults, and the curved structure of stone is used to cover the space.

3. The aesthetic point of view of Romanesque architecture is that the buildings are large and complex, emphasizing chiaroscuro (allowing light to shine through small holes like morning stars), but the decoration of the buildings is simple and crude.

4. The art form has a primary and secondary relationship: architecture occupies a dominant position, while other artistic activities, such as painting, sculpture, mosaic art, etc., occupy a subordinate position.

5. Romanesque architecture also often uses buttresses and rib arches to balance the horizontal thrust of the vault, and another innovation of Romanesque architecture is the combination of bell towers into church buildings. From this time on, the clock tower was the most significant building in both the town and the countryside in the West.

6. The windows of Romanesque buildings are small and high from the ground, with little lighting, and the light inside is dim, which makes it show a mysterious and otherworldly artistic conception. The doors and windows are semicircular above. In terms of artistic style, the Romanesque church is characterized by a large space in the hall, with a wide horizontal hall and a deep nave, forming a cross shape in appearance.

Byzantine architecture is characterized by a small difference in the horizontal and vertical lengths of the crosses, with a large dome at its intersection. The dome was built on a square plan, creating a covering dome and placing weight on four separate pillars, which was a major contribution to the development of European architecture.

Hagia Sophia is a typical Byzantine building. The foundation of the hall is rectangular in shape like that of Romanesque architecture, but part of the roof is composed of a large circular vault and a semicircular vault in the front and back.

Byzantine architecture is characterized by four main aspects: the first is the roof modeling, and the "vault dome" is commonly used. The second feature is the protrusion of the center of the overall modeling.

In general Byzantine architecture, the center of the architectural composition is often very prominent, and the dome, which is both tall and large, often becomes the center of the composition of the whole building, and around this central component, some small parts are often arranged in an orderly manner. The third feature is that it creates a structural method of supporting the dome on independent square columns and a corresponding centralized architectural form. The typical practice is to issue coupons on the four sides of the square plane, and build a dome with a diagonal diameter between the four coupons, as if a complete dome was cut by the coupons on the four sides, and its weight is completely borne by the four coupons, so that the internal space has gained great freedom.

The fourth feature is the use of color, which pays attention to both change and unity, so that the internal space and external façade of the building appear brilliant and dazzling.

The Holy Spirit Byzantine Catholic Church was founded in Tremont in 1910 to serve Rusin (also known as Rusin) immigrants from Central Europe. The Russians (not to be confused with the Russians) are a Slavic people or dongji with a unique language and culture. They come from the Carpathian Mountains in eastern Slovakia, western Ukraine, southeastern Poland, and northern Romania.

The Byzantine Catholicism practiced by many Russians originated in the centuries when the Roman Catholic Church successfully reformed the Austro-Hungarian Orthodox Church.

Russians first emigrated to the Hungarian neighborhood east of Cleveland in the nineteen-nineties, and later Tremont often worked in steel mills and other industries scattered throughout apartments. By 1909, two Greek Catholic churches had been built in Cleveland (they were not called "Byzantine churches" until the mid-20th century), but most parishioners were not allowed to cross the Cuyahoga River and the railroad to attend worship services on Sundays and holy days. To meet the growing needs of the diocese, on October 8, 1909, the State of Ohio granted the Holy Spirit Greek Catholic (now known as Byzantine Catholic) a project ** When it opened in the second year of the first year, the Church of the Holy Spirit, built at a cost of $15,000, was the first Byzantine Catholic church in the city's West End.

Within ten years, the number of parish families reached 400. Around that time, an orphanage was set up to provide assistance to victims of the flu pandemic. The Holy Spirit also became the first home of St. Basil the Great nun in the United States, and she worked for the orphanage until it closed in 1923.

By 1938, the Holy Spirit had grown to nearly 900 families, about 150 of which founded St. Mary's Church on West 35th Street, now National Highway and Bidulf Avenue. About 3,000 souls were nourished by the Holy Spirit at the Golden Jubilee celebrations in 1959, but the changing community and the relocation of many parishioners to the suburbs began to take their toll on them. The church was closed in 2009.

The most famous representatives of the ruins of the French Romanesque churches are: () aPisa Cathedral.

b.Otten Cathedral.

c.Church of Mainz.

d.Vorsta Enlightenment Cathedral.

Correct answer: B