Wetland Classification Standards, Wetland Classification National Standards

State Forestry Administration, 1999.

According to the classification of the Convention on Wetlands, China's wetlands are divided into 5 categories, including coastal and coastal wetlands, river wetlands, lake wetlands, swamp and swampy wetlands, and reservoir ponds.

In the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, wetlands are defined as follows:

Marshlands, wet meadows (or alkaline marshes), peatlands or bodies of water, whether naturally formed or man-made, permanent or temporary, with static or flowing water, fresh water, brackish water or somewhere in between, not exceeding six metres at low tide".

At present, the national classification of wetlands is based on the Convention on Wetlands.

Swampy wetlands. 1 Moss bog: a peat bog dominated by mosses and 100% vegetation coverage.

2 Herbaceous swamps: swamps with 30% vegetation coverage and dominated by herbaceous plants.

3. Marshy meadows: including swampy meadows distributed in plain areas, swampy meadows with alpine and alpine properties, tundra ponds, and temporary waters formed by snowmelt in alpine and plateau areas.

4 Shrub swamps: Shrub-dominated swamps with 30% vegetation coverage.

5. Forest swamp: a woody plant community swamp with a distinct trunk, higher than 6 meters, and canopy density.

6. Inland salt marshes: salt marshes distributed in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. It consists of a community of annual and perennial halophytes with a water content of more than 30% and a vegetation coverage of 30%.

7Geothermal wetlands: swampy wetlands fed by hot spring water.

8 freshwater springs or oasis wetlands.

1. Permanent rivers: only riverbeds are included.

2. Seasonal or intermittent rivers.

3. Floodplain wetland: the flat area on both sides of the river that is flooded by river water, including river beaches, flooded river valleys, and seasonal flooded grasslands.

1. Permanent freshwater lake: a freshwater lake that accumulates water all year round.

2. Seasonal freshwater lakes: seasonal or temporary flood plain lakes.

1. Moss bog: peat bog dominated by mosses.

2 Herbaceous swamps: swamps with 30% vegetation coverage and dominated by herbaceous plants.

3. Marshy meadows: including marshy meadows, tundra ponds, and temporary waters formed by snowmelt distributed in alpine and plateau areas.

4. Shrub swamp: a shrub-dominated swamp with a vegetation coverage of 30.

5. Forest swamp: a swamp dominated by trees, with canopy density.

6. Geothermal wetland: a swampy wetland fed by hot spring water.

7. Light-skinned laughing water spring or oasis wetland.

1. Water storage area: reservoirs, barrages, hydropower dams.

2. Canals and water conveyance rivers.

3. Freshwater farms.

4. Agricultural ponds: including small ponds.

5. Irrigation ditches and canals.

6. Paddy fields and winter paddy fields: one-season and multi-season paddy fields.

7. Salt pan: including salt pond and salt water spring.

8. Mining water accumulation areas include: sand, bricks, soil pits, soil pits, and mining sites.

9. Wastewater treatment sites.

10. Urban landscape and recreational water surface.

The classification of wetlands in our country is as follows:

1. Level 1 is divided into two categories: natural wetlands and constructed wetlands according to their causes.

1. Natural wetlands, offshore and coastal wetlands (12): shallow sea waters, subtidal aquatic layers, coral reefs, rocky coasts, sandy beaches, silty beaches, intertidal saltwater marshes, mangroves, estuarine waters, estuarine deltas, sandbars, sand islands, coastal saltwater lakes, coastal freshwater lakes; River wetlands (4): permanent rivers, seasonal or intermittent rivers, flood wetlands, karst cave wetlands; Lake Wetlands (5):

permanent freshwater lakes, permanent saltwater lakes, permanent inland salt lakes, seasonal freshwater lakes, seasonal saltwater lakes; Swamp wetlands (9): moss swamps, herbaceous swamps, shrub swamps, forest swamps, inland salt marshes, seasonal saltwater swamps, swampy meadows, geothermal wetlands, freshwater spring oasis wetlands.

2. Constructed wetland. Reservoirs, canals, water conveyance rivers, freshwater aquaculture farms, marine aquaculture farms, agricultural ponds, irrigation ditches, canals, paddy fields, winter paddy fields, seasonal floodplain agricultural land, salt pan mining excavation areas and subsidence water areas, wastewater treatment sites, urban artificial landscape water surfaces and recreational water surfaces.

2. In the second level, natural wetlands are divided into 4 categories according to geomorphological characteristics, and constructed wetlands are divided into 12 categories according to their main functions;

3. In the third level, natural wetlands are mainly divided into 30 categories based on the hydrological characteristics of wetlands.

Legal basisArticle 10 of the Regulations on the Protection of Wetlands in Changsha City.

Wetlands included in the national and provincial lists for management shall be implemented in accordance with relevant provisions.

For wetlands that have not been included in the national or provincial published directory, the municipal people shall, according to the actual situation of wetland protection and management, formulate a wetland protection directory for the city. Wetland protection directory by the municipal forestry management department in conjunction with the development and reform, natural resources and planning, ecological environment, water administration, agriculture and rural areas and other relevant management departments proposed, after expert argumentation and listen to the public opinions, reported to the municipal people for approval and published to the public.

Wetlands within the scope of the city's catalogue shall be clearly named, type, and level of protection, and the scope and boundaries shall be delineated, and the forestry management department shall set up protection signs.

The wetland protection catalogue shall be published within one year of the implementation of these Regulations, and shall be adjusted in a timely manner on the basis of the results of wetland surveys and monitoring.

Article 11 The forestry management department shall, in conjunction with the water administration and other relevant management departments, establish a coordination mechanism for ecological water replenishment of wetlands under the organization of the people at the same level to ensure the ecological water demand of wetlands.

Except as otherwise provided by the law, the intake of water from wetlands within the scope of the catalogue or the interception of wetland water sources shall not affect the minimum water demand of wetlands or cut off the connection between wetland water systems and peripheral water systems.

The selection criteria for international wetland cities are that the wetland rate within the administrative area is more than 10%, and the wetland protection rate is not less than 50%, in addition to these two rigid indicators, the relationship between wetlands and people should be followed, and the integration between cities, wetlands and people's well-being should be fully considered.

The certification of "International Wetland City" is first nominated by each country, and then evaluated and certified by the International Wetland Convention Organization, an inter-national agency under the United Nations, and finally awarded to the city that has obtained the "International Wetland City" certification. The application and establishment of the "International Wetland City" represents the highest achievement of a city in wetland ecological protection.

Related Notes:

There shall be one (or more) wetland of national importance (including wetlands of international importance) or a national wetland nature reserve or national wetland park within the administrative area of the declared city, and the wetland rate shall be more than 10%, and the wetland protection rate shall not be less than 50%.

The Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental agreement dedicated to the conservation and rational use of wetland ecosystems, first signed in Ramsar, Iran, in February 1971. At present, the number of Parties has grown to 172. The "International Wetland City" certified by the Convention allows more places to take more active actions to protect the ecology and achieve sustainable development.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - International Wetland City Cavity Brigade.

Wetlands, as the name suggests, are moist places rich in water and are the transition zone between land and water bodies, and are usually divided into two types: natural and man-made. Natural wetlands include swamps, marshes, tidal flats, peatlands and other water areas, as well as shallow sea areas, rivers and lakes with a water depth of no more than six meters. Constructed wetlands mainly include rice fields, reservoirs, ponds, etc.

The total area of wetlands in the world is about 8 million square kilometers, accounting for about 6% of the Earth's land area; China's wetlands cover an area of about 10,000 square kilometers, with 64 wetlands of international importance, 602 wetland nature reserves and more than 1,600 wetland parks, ranking fourth in the world and first in Asia.

Wetlands are rich in both terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna, forming a natural gene pool that no other single ecosystem can match. Its unique hydrology, soil and climate provide the habitat for 20% of the planet's living species.

An important role of wetlands is to regulate water balance.

Some people compare wetlands to natural sponges because they can hold a lot of water – when a flood comes, the surface of the wetland is flooded, and the underlying soil is full of water. In times of drought, the water preserved in the wetlands flows out and becomes a source of water to recharge the surrounding rivers and groundwater. Wetlands are like a safe insurance for water regulation in the surrounding areas, which greatly increases the ability of these places to resist floods and droughts.

Another important role of wetlands is to improve local climate and air quality through water cycling. Plants absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide from the air, and when these plants die, the residues will intertwine with one click of the land, forming a loose grass root layer on the wetland, and the carbon is preserved in a solid form. As the water in the wetlands evaporates, carbon is transported into the atmosphere in a gaseous form.

Summary. The similarities and differences between China's wetland classification and the international wetland classification are mainly as follows:1

The classification of wetlands in China is more detailed, and wetlands are divided into eight categories: wetlands, humid forests, wetland forests, wetland grasslands, wetland swamps, wetland rivers, wetland lakes, and wetland tidal flats. However, the International Classification of Wetlands only divides wetlands into four categories: wetlands, humid forests, wetland forests, and wetland grasslands. 2.The classification of wetlands in China pays more attention to the functions of wetlands, and divides wetlands into four categories: ecological function wetlands, ecological environment wetlands, ecological economic wetlands, and ecological and cultural wetlands. However, the International Classification of Wetlands does not classify wetlands into different functional categories.

The similarities and differences between China's wetland classification and the international wetland classification are mainly based on the following points: 1The classification of wetlands in China is more detailed, and wetlands are divided into eight categories: wetlands, humid forests, wetland forests, wetlands, wetlands, swamps, wetlands, rivers, lakes, and tidal flats. However, the International Classification of Wetlands only divides wetlands into four categories: wetlands, humid forests, wetland forests, and wetland grasslands.

2.The classification of wetlands in China pays more attention to the function of wetlands, and wetlands are divided into four categories: ecological function wetlands, ecological environment wetlands, ecological and economic wetlands, and ecological and cultural wetlands. However, the International Classification of Wetlands does not classify wetlands into different functional categories.

What are the similarities between China's wetland classification and international wetland classification?

The similarities between China's wetland classification and international wetland classification are as follows: 1Based on the species diversity, ecosystem service function, and ecosystem stability of wetlands, the wetlands are divided into different categories.

2.Based on the geographical location, water source, water level, water quality, vegetation type, etc., wetlands are divided into different categories.