What are the basic techniques for forming purple clay pots? The purple clay pot is all hand molded p

The molding technique of the purple clay pot is to beat the body barrel or splicing molding is unique in the world.

The early purple sand craft came from pottery, and the main works were also that kind of big products; Due to the changes in tea culture later (in the Tang and Song dynasties, tea was mainly cake tea and the way of boiling tea was boiled tea, and in the late Ming Dynasty, it slowly transitioned from the way of boiling tea to brewing, and the tea at this time appeared as loose tea) and the changes in the purple sand process (Shi Dabin's invention of beating the body tube, surrounding the body tube, and inlaid the body) slowly appeared in the purple sand pot This kind of sketch, the following is a brief introduction to the two traditional molding methods of the purple sand pot.

1.Forming method of wrapping the body cylinder: enclosing the mud strip on the turntable into a cylinder or conical cylinder, stacking the two ends, and using a tanning knife to cut the knife obliquely at the overlapping place, that is, to form a miter surface that can be docked well, and then dip the water to glue the incision of the butt, and the body tube is enclosed.

On the basis of the body cylinder, the left hand is lined in the cylinder, and the right hand is naturally patted towards the cylinder, gradually closing the mouth.

2.Inlay cylinder forming method: suitable for directional instruments (square, hexagonal, octagonal), prepare mud pieces according to the requirements of the product, and then inlay them with mud purple.

1. "Punching the body" molding method: first open the cooked mud into a certain width, thickness and length of the "mud road wire", then beat these mud road wires into mud strips and mud pieces that meet the requirements of the utensils, use tools such as returning to the car to draw out the width of the mud strips, spin the mouth, bottom, and the surrounding piece, and then paste the surrounding piece in the middle of the turntable, enclose the mud strip along the surrounding piece, circle it into a mud cylinder, and then set off it in the cylinder with the left hand, and use a thin wooden paddle with the right hand to beat the forming.

2. "Inlay cylinder" molding method (suitable for square utensils): first cut the mud road wire into square mud blocks, beat the square mud blocks into mud pieces, prepare the model according to the size required by the product, cut the mud pieces according to the model, and paste and inlay the cut mud pieces with grease and mud according to the requirements of the utensils type specifications. The key to manual molding lies in the specification of the clay embryo forming technique and the fine processing of the surface.

The fine scraping and correction can make the shape structure of the vessel more rigorous, the contour lines are clear and decent, and the muscles and sacs are clear and logical, so as to meet the production requirements of pearl round and jade, and seamless integration.

3. Grouting molding method: It is a molding process widely used in modern ceramic production, using the water absorption of the gypsum model, the mud is injected into the mold and the gypsum mold is taken off, and a hollow mud blank can be obtained.

The process of making the pants of the purple clay pot is as follows:

Tools Raw materials: mud blocks, abrasives, firing furnaces, etc.

1) Beat the mud into mud flakes of uniform thickness, commonly known as mud strips, mud flakes, etc. To make the body of the pot, it is divided into two methods: "patting the body" and "inlay the body", as well as the model method. Make handles, spouts, lids, etc.

2) Finishing. Some also add some decorations, such as decals, paintings, lettering, etc.

3) Firing. The finished teapot should first be dried in the shade, which will take about two or three days. The device is broken and the sagger is fired in the kiln. Now it is generally fired in a tunnel kiln, and it has been fired in a dragon kiln in ancient times, and an inverted flame kiln began to be used after liberation.

Hu Chaichai4) After the purple clay pot is fired, some have to polish the copper, gold and silver wire inlay and other processes.

In this way, a purple clay pot is complete.

Introduction of the purple clay pot:

The purple clay pot is a unique handmade clay handicraft in China, the production of which began in the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, and the raw material is purple sand mud, which originated in Dingshu Town, Yixing, Jiangsu. Since the Zhengde period of Ming Wuzong, purple sand began to be made into pots, and famous masters have returned to the emperor one after another, and there have been fine products handed down in the past 500 years. It is said that the founder of the purple clay pot was the spring offering of the Ming Dynasty in China.

From the tree gall pot and six-petal sac pot for spring during the Jiajing period of Ming Zhengde, to the creative design of Ji Hansheng and the production of Cao Anxiang.

Because of the combination of artistry and practicality, the purple clay pot is precious and evocative. More on the benefits of making tea in the purple clay pot, and the cultural atmosphere of tea Zen, which increases the noble elegance of the purple clay pot.

The method of making the purple clay pot is as follows:

The mud strip should be suitable for the humidity of the mud, so that the mud strip can be beaten, the mud strip should be made into a rectangle according to the size requirements, the thickness of the mud strip should be uniform, about 3 mm, the large pot should be appropriately thickened, and the small pot should be appropriately thinned.

Hit the mud piece, the thickness of the mud piece is uniform, round, the specific thickness requirements: negative, thickness 3 mm, full film, thickness mm, false bottom, thickness 2 mm, large only, thickness according to the specific size requirements, mouth line, thickness 3 mm, around the piece, thickness 6 mm;

Punching the body tube, the circumference needs to be set in the center of the turntable, the mud bar must be round and straight around the circumference, to keep the mud strip mouth moist, when hitting the body, the turntable speed should be uniform, and the beating strength of the racket should be consistent;

Catch the body tube, use a wooden pat, the beat step should be fine and dense, and the force should be even, the purpose is to drive the body tube to be round and the shape meets the requirements.

The grate cylinder, with a bamboo grate, should be evenly and smoothly forced, and the purpose is to make the curve of the body barrel smooth;

On the false bottom, the false bottom should not be thick, in strict accordance with the requirements, the diameter is 1 2 mm smaller than the actual bottom;

7: Upper large, apply finger mud; 8: upper line; 9：

Cleaning line; 10: Rubbing handle, trimming handle; 11: Mouth, trim mouth; 12：

Mouthpiece; 13: Cutting the mouth; 14: Same as lid; 15：

knobs; 16: a button; 17: Blank; 18：

Placket; 19: Twisted blank.

Purple clay pot. The production process roughly includes four processes: preparation, production, firing and follow-up process.

1. Preparation (including preparation of tools, mud, and modeling preparation) 2. Production: The main method of forming purple sand ware is manual kneading and impression. In both cases, the individual parts are first made, and then the individual parts are glued together, and then the surface finishing is carried out, especially the processing of the interface part.

3. Firing: The finished teapot should first be dried in the shade, about two or three days. After the billet is dried in the shade, it is loaded into a sagger and fired in the kiln. Nowadays, tunnel kilns are generally used.

Firing, in ancient times, it has been fired with a dragon kiln, and after liberation, it began to use an inverted flame kiln.

4. Follow-up process: After the purple sand ware is fired, some of them also need to polish the copper-clad and gold and silver wire inlays.

1. Ash covering process.

The ash covering process is mainly fired in a reducing atmosphere in a purple clay pot with high iron content, so that the form of iron oxide in the raw material is changed. Under normal firing conditions, most of the crystallization of iron oxide in the original family of purple sand is fired by hematite in a reducing atmosphere, and hematite is reduced to magnetite crystals, so the surface of the ash products has a certain adsorption of magnets.

Some muds with low iron content, such as green mud, are generally not suitable for ash firing (after ash firing, it is mostly light gray ink color, and the color effect is not good). After the ash is fired, if the purple clay pot is refired in a kiln with a neutral oxidation atmosphere, the clay pot will return to its original color.

As early as the Ming Dynasty, Chen Zhongmei, a master of purple sand craft, has used the method of sand mixing and sand spreading to enhance the decorative effect of the surface of the purple sand ware.

2. Sand mixing process.

In the processed mud or powder, a variety of sandy particles with a certain size and proportion are transferred according to the requirements to improve the particle density.

The transferred particles and base mud belong to the same kind of mineral material, which is called natural color sand; The particles and base mud that are transferred do not belong to the same kind of mineral material, which is called heterochromatic sand.

The natural sand is transferred into the original mud, due to the same quality of the mud, the color of the tire will not change greatly after firing, but the particle content in the base mud has increased, which mainly plays the role of enhancing the skeleton of the green body. For some soft particles, it is necessary to burn the particles at 600-800 to increase the strength, otherwise the particles are easy to be crushed by the tool during the molding process and cause the tail of the device surface.

For example, most of the shrinkage and deformation rate of vermilion mud are relatively large, which is not conducive to the production of large-scale works alone, and it is necessary to increase the strength of the green body by means of sand adjustment, so that the overall shrinkage and deformation of the green body are reduced after firing, and the finished product rate of firing is improved. Therefore, most of the vermilion pots seen in modern times are mixed with coarse sand particles or supported by clinker (clinker is a powder made by grinding the finished mud after firing).

Different tones of sand will produce different color effects due to the different colors and textures of the particles and base mud that are transferred. If the granularity is hard, the particles on the surface of the vessel are prominent after firing, and they are coarse pear peel; When the soft granularity is mixed in, the surface of the vessel will produce a fine concave shape after firing. The softer the granularity, the more pronounced the pits be, creating an orange peel-like texture.

4. Sand laying process.

Sand laying refers to the purple sand body in the production process, the sand particles of different mud colors are paved, pointed, sprinkled and other methods, applied to the surface of the body with a certain humidity. Then, with the help of tools, the sand particles are embedded in the surface layer of the green body. The sand laying mainly plays the role of embellishment, so that the sand points and the tire tone laid on the surface of the purple sand ware after firing form a sharp contrast effect.

The quality of the sand laying particles is generally higher than or equal to the quality of the green particles. If the quality is soft, it will cause the particles to be tailed during production and incompatible with the fetal quality due to the large shrinkage of the particles after firing.

5. Sand pumping process.

Sand pumping is to separate a certain part of the particles in the processed powder or slurry. 60-80 mesh particles are extracted from the 40 mesh powder, so that the remaining particles and fine materials form an obvious contrast effect between coarse and fine after firing, and produce a new texture.

The production process of the purple sand pot The forming methods of the purple sand pot include manual (body punching tube), semi-manual (mold), grouting, rotary blank and printing blank. Among them, hand molding is the traditional production method. The key to the manufacturing technique is the hollowing of the form and the finishing of the surface of the blank.

The so-called finishing refers to the use of bamboo chips, needles, knives and other special tools made of these materials, to the neck, feet, mouth, handle of the spout, body, cover of the surface, and the inside of the pot, to carry out fine bracketing, trimming, paddle, this is one of the keys to the purple clay pot to become a handicraft. Its function is: the size of purple sand cooked mud particles is different, the surface of the green body is uneven when forming, in the finishing process, the green body is leveled with the above-mentioned tools, and the uplifted particles are squeezed downward, so that the blank surface is smooth and smooth.

At this time, the outer surface of the body forms a layer of more delicate epidermis, this layer of epidermis is a layer of delicate mud (after firing is the crystal), and although the inner wall surface is also patted when the mud piece is patted, it is often slightly processed, the mud particles are relatively loose between them, and the surface of the product becomes pear-like after firing, and the loose interior presents a certain porosity.

The shape of the purple clay pot is chic and diverse. In order not to reduce it to ordinary glazed pottery, and for historical reasons, its surface is not glazed. In order to make the purple sand achieve the process effect of "taking off the hand, the light can shine on the surface, and the smelting is more than the copper condensation", the green body must be processed to be rigorous in the shape and structure, the outline is full and the lines are clear, and the texture of the ribs is clear.

At the same time, finishing is also an important means to improve the viscosity of the green body. For example, a large round bar pot has a spout and lid with 24 ribs and symmetrical stems. Due to the fine processing, the lid can be changed arbitrarily after firing, and it can match the spout.

The purple clay pot with a high level of craftsmanship has a tight seam for the mouth cover, and the gap (or displacement tolerance) between the two is generally within the limit, which is incomparable to any other ceramic pot, and the displacement tolerance of the porcelain teapot is 1 3mm or even greater. Due to the high precision of the purple clay pot, it reduces the channel for air mixed with molds such as Aspergillus flavus to flow into the pot, which has become one of the important reasons why the purple clay pot is not easy to spoil when making tea.

The making of purple clay pots can be divided into four processes: preparation, production, firing, and follow-up processes.

1: Purple clay pot mud preparation.

The first is to dig mud from the mine, and the purple mud excavated from the ore layer is commonly known as raw mud, and the mud is like a blocky rock; After the raw mud comes out, it needs to be naturally differentiated, then crushed, milled, and screened with a 60-mesh sieve; Then hand or mechanical mud training. It was very hard to practice mud by hand, and later switched to a Raymond machine, but the mud was easily damaged by the machine.

2: Tool preparation.

The tools themselves are constantly being created, and the following is just one of the sectors of tools that have evolved over time for everyone. Proper use of tools is a prerequisite for making a good teapot. It mainly includes mud bench (workbench), hitch (mud strips, etc.), paddle (body punch, etc.), sharp knife, rectangular car (round clay slices), line stalk (tools for smoothing various decorative lines), bright needles (i.e., horn slices, smooth surfaces), etc.

3: Preparation for styling.

Before making a teapot, you must think about what the teapot will look like, just like drawing a picture, you must think about it first, you can draw some sketches and make some calculations. Another method of molding is to use impressions, if this method is adopted, it is necessary to make molds after design, and the method of using impressions is to produce a unified design in large quantities.

4.Make. The main method of forming purple sand ware is hand kneading and impression.

In both cases, the individual components are first made, then the individual parts are glued together, and then the surface finishing is carried out, especially in the interface department. It is made by hand, and the body of the round teapot is made by "patting the body", and the square (including the square, hexagonal, etc.) teapot is made by hand.