What are the basic principles of quantum mechanics?

Quantum mechanics. The word "quantum" means "a quantity" or "a discrete quantity". In the context of everyday life, we have become accustomed to the concept of:

The properties of an object, such as its size, weight, color, temperature, surface area, and motion, can all change in a continuous manner from one object to another. For example, there is no significant grade between apples of all shapes, sizes, and colors.

However, at the atomic level, things are very different. The properties of atomic particles, such as their motion, energy, and spin, do not always show similar continuous variations, but can differ by some discrete amounts. One of the assumptions of classical Newtonian mechanics is:

The properties of matter can change continuously. When physicists discovered that this concept failed at the atomic level, they had to devise a completely new system of mechanics, quantum mechanics, to account for the agglomegranularity of the atomic signatures that mark matter.

Quantum mechanics is a sub-discipline of physics that studies the motion laws of microscopic particles, which mainly studies the basic theory of the structure and properties of atoms, molecules, condensed matter, atomic nuclei and elementary particles, and forms the theoretical basis of modern physics together with the theory of relativity. Quantum mechanics is not only one of the basic theories of modern physics, but also has been widely used in chemistry and other related disciplines and many modern technologies. Quantum mechanics was developed on the basis of the old quantum theory.

Old quantum theories include Planck's quantum hypothesis, Einstein's quantum theory of light, and Bohr's atomic theory.

Quantum mechanics. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The theory of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity are the two basic pillars of modern physics, classical mechanics has laid the foundation of modern physics, but Newton's law is no longer applicable to objects moving at high speed and objects under microscopic conditions, and the theory of relativity solves the problem of high-speed motion; Quantum mechanics solves problems under microscopic subatomic conditions. Quantum mechanics believes that under subatomic conditions, the velocity and position of particles cannot be accurately measured at the same time, the momentum, charge, energy, particle number and other characteristics of microscopic particles are discrete and discontinuous, and the laws of quantum mechanics cannot describe the orbital details of particle motion, but can only give relative probability.

Quantum mechanics is a theoretical framework for physics, a revolution in the microscopic realm of classical physics. It has many basic characteristics, such as uncertainty, quantum fluctuations, wave-particle duality, etc., which will become extremely significant at the atomic and subatomic microscopic scales. Albert Einstein, Heisenberg, Bohr, Schrödinger, Dirac and others made important contributions to the development of his theory.

The combination of quantum mechanics and information science has given rise to a new discipline – quantum information science.

Hope for a thumbs up.

I thought it was an international symposium venue.

Energy is discontinuous, and there is a minimum measure that exists one by one.

Quantum mechanics. The basic principles include quantum states.

concepts, equations of motion, theoretical concepts, and observed physical quantities.

correspondence between rules and physical principles.

Quantum mechanics is a physical theory, which is a branch of physics that studies the motion laws of microscopic particles in the material world, mainly studying atoms, molecules, and condensed matter.

matter, as well as atomic nuclei and elementary particles.

The basic theory of structure and properties. It has to do with the theory of relativity.

Together, they form the theoretical basis of modern physics. Quantum mechanics is not only one of the basic theories of modern physics, but also widely used in disciplines such as chemistry and many modern technologies.

The quantum Zeno effect is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics.

The basic principles of quantum mechanics are as follows:

1. Wave-particle duality:

One of the most fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics is wave-particle duality. In classical physics, matter is considered to be composed of particles, whereas in quantum mechanics, matter can exhibit both particle and wave properties. This means that matter can both exist like particles and travel like waves.

2. Uncertainty principle:

The uncertainty principle is one of the most well-known principles in quantum mechanics. It describes that when measuring the position and momentum of a particle, we cannot know the exact value of both quantities at the same time, because measuring the position interferes with the momentum of the particle, and measuring momentum interferes with the position of the particle, and this principle shows that in quantum mechanics, we cannot accurately ** the trajectory of the particle's motion.

3. Operators and eigenvalues:

In quantum mechanics, physical quantities are represented as operators. The operator acts on the wave function to obtain a numeric value, which is called the eigenvalue, which describes the value of the physical quantity, and the operator describes how to measure the physical quantity, this concept is very important in quantum mechanics, because it allows us to determine the value of the physical quantity by measuring the eigenvalue.

4. Entanglement:

Entanglement is a very peculiar phenomenon in quantum mechanics. It describes a system of blind bonds between two or more particles, the relationship between these particles occurs no matter how far they are from each other, and when two particles are entangled, their state is interdependent, which means that changing the state of one particle affects the state of the other.

5. Wave function collapse:

In quantum mechanics, the wave function describes the state of a particle. When we take measurements on particles, the wave function collapses, which means that the state of the particles becomes the state that we measure, a process that is very important in quantum mechanics because it describes how we get information from quantum systems.

Quantum mechanics is a physical theory that describes the microscopic world, and it is one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 20th century, and the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics are the basis of this theory, which describes the behavior and properties of particles at the microscopic scale.

Quantum Mechanics (English: Quantum Mechanics; Quantum theory is a physical theory that describes the behavior of microscopic matter (atoms, subatomic particles), and quantum mechanics is the basis for our understanding of all fundamental forces (electromagnetic, strong, weak) except for gravitation.

Quantum mechanics is the foundation of many branches of physics, including electromagnetism, particle physics, condensed matter physics, and parts of cosmology. Quantum mechanics is also the foundation of disciplines such as chemical bond theory, structural biology, and electronics.

Quantum mechanics is mainly used to describe the behavior of microscopic conditions, and the particles described cannot be accurately interpreted by classical mechanics. For example, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, a particle does not have any physical properties before it is observed, but after it is observed, depending on the measuring instrument, its particle properties may be observed, its wave properties may be observed, or some particle properties and part of the wave properties may be observed, which is wave-particle duality.

Quantum mechanics began in the early 20th century with the seminal work of Max Planck and Niels Bohr, who coined the term "quantum mechanics" in 1924. Because of its success in explaining experimental phenomena that could not be explained by classical mechanics, and accurately predicting some subsequent discoveries, this new theory began to be widely accepted by the physics community. One of the major early achievements of quantum mechanics was the successful explanation of wave-particle duality, a term derived from the fact that subatomic particles exhibit the properties of both particles and waves.

In the form of quantum mechanical Kaicode, the state of the system at a given time is described by the complex wave function, also known as the state vector in the complex vector space. [24] This abstract mathematical object allows the calculation of the probability of concrete experimental results. For example, it allows calculating the probability of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucleus at a specific time.

Contrary to classical mechanics, one can never conjugate physical quantities such as position and momentum at the same time with arbitrary precision. For example, electrons can be thought to be (with a certain probability) located somewhere within a given region of space, but their exact location is unknown.

The outline of a constant probability density, often referred to as a "cloud," can be drawn around the nucleus of an atom to conceptualize the most likely location of an electron. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle quantifies the ability of a particle to be pinpointed due to its conjugate momentum. [25]