List four important stages in the history of ancient Chinese thought

The formation and development of ancient Chinese military thought went through four stages: (1) the initial formation period (Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties); (2) Towards maturity (Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period); (3) The period of rich development (from Qin to the Five Dynasties); (4) The period of system improvement (from the Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty).

1.Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: This is an important period for the formation and development of traditional Chinese thought.

At this stage, the emergence of Confucius and Confucianism promoted the development of humanism, emphasizing the importance of personal morality and benevolence, and advocating the rule of virtue. At the same time, the academic atmosphere of a hundred schools of thought has also promoted the exchange and debate of various ideas.

2.Qin Dynasty period: The Qin Dynasty practiced Legalist politics, burned books and pit Confucianism, and respected Legalism alone. This stage is characterized by an emphasis on the rule of law, advocating the use of strict punishment and strict laws to maintain social order, but also attaching importance to individual moral cultivation and self-restraint.

3.Han Dynasty: Confucianism gradually became orthodox during the Han Dynasty. During this period, Confucianism gradually became the mainstream of Chinese culture, emphasizing personal moral cultivation and etiquette norms, and focusing on family and social harmony.

4.Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties: This period was a period of high development of Chinese ideology and culture, and Confucianism was further developed and perfected, forming new schools of thought such as Song and Ming Dynasty science. At the same time, Buddhism and Taoism were also widely spread and developed during this period.

The formation and development of ancient Chinese military thought went through four stages.

The first stage: the initial formation period - 21st century BC to the 8th century BC (Xia, Shang, Western and Zhou periods).

The main features of military thought:

1. The concept of war with the concept of destiny as the core.

2. Take "etiquette" and "punishment" as the basis for governing the army.

The second stage: the period of rapid development - from the 8th century BC to the end of the 3rd century BC (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period).

The main features of military thought:

1. Form a relatively complete outlook on war.

2. A number of general guiding principles for warfare have been proposed.

3. The combination of military struggle, political struggle, and diplomatic struggle.

The third stage: the period of rich development - the main features of military thought from the end of the 3rd century BC to the 13th century (Qin to the Five Dynasties period):

1. From the creation school to the synthesis of the strengths of various schools, the military thought was organized.

2. Some of the military ideas put forward by the pre-Qin period have been developed.

3. Strategic thinking tends to be perfect and mature.

The fourth stage: the period of system improvement - 14th century to 19th century.

History of the development of ancient Chinese thought:

1.Hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, Confucianism. Legalism. Taoist. The ideological circles are unprecedentedly prosperous, and it is a peak of ancient Chinese intellectual history.

2.In the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu reformed Confucianism, advocated the divine right of the monarch, won the support of the rulers, deposed the hundred schools, respected Confucianism alone, and Confucianism became everyone's mainstream thought.

3.During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism. Taoism was sought after by the rulers, who sought the unity of church and state, and the legitimacy of Confucianism was challenged.

4.In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu proposed to review Confucianism, and the situation of the three teachings was formed.

5.In the Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, and Zhu Xi proposed to preserve the principles of heaven and destroy human nature, and China's ideological and cultural freedom was banned.

6.Between the Ming and Qing dynasties, Li Zhen. Wang Fuzhi and others put forward the idea of not taking Confucius's right and wrong as right and wrong, and applying it to the world, which is another peak in China's ideological circles.

7.In modern times, the bourgeois revolutionary ideas of democracy and freedom in the West have been transmitted to China, bringing new vigor to backward China. Guiding the Xinhai Revolution in China.

8.After the May Fourth Movement, Marxism was transmitted to China, and the Chinese people finally found a new way to fight for national independence.

Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism three cultures, the Han Dynasty re-Taoism, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and deposed the hundred schools, and respected Confucianism.

The process of the development of mainstream Chinese thought is a process of mutual exchange and influence of various schools of thought.

All in the service of the ruling circles.

What is the question? Q&A questions?

The evolution of the mainstream of traditional Chinese culture.

1. The controversy of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Taoism: Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi.

Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius.

Mojia: Mozi.

Legalists: Shang Ying, Han Feizi.

The first trend of ideological emancipation in Chinese history.

2. The Han Dynasty "deposed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism".

Since then, Confucianism has become the orthodoxy advocated by the rulers and has become the mainstream of traditional Chinese culture for more than 2,000 years.

3. Song and Ming Dynasty Theory.

Science: Northern Song Dynasty "Ercheng" (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi); Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty (1) Zhu Xi compiled the "Annotations on the Collection of Four Books, Chapters and Sentences", which became the textbook for the imperial examination in later generations. His ideas also spread to Japan and Korea. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, science became the official philosophy.

2) suppress human nature and stifle people's natural desires;

3) It plays a positive role in shaping the character of the Chinese nation.

Fourth, Confucianism in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Li Zhen, Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi.

The critical inheritance of traditional Confucianism has promoted the revitalization of China's traditional culture and has had a great impact on later generations.

The above can be summarized in the college entrance examination.

Spring and Autumn: Confucius, Lao Tzu - Warring States: Hundred Schools of Thought - Qin Dynasty:

Confucianism Legislation - Han Dynasty: Dong Zhongshu "Great Unification" - Wei and Jin Dynasties: Three Religions Stand Side by Side - Sui and Tang Dynasties:

The trend of the integration of the three religions - Song and Ming dynasties: science and science - a tributary appeared during the Ming and Qing dynasties: Neo-Confucianism represented by Li Zhen, Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, and Wang Fuzhi.