History of Ancient Chinese Thought, What Are the Ancient Chinese Thoughts?

I recommend you to read Mr. Qian Mu's "History of Chinese Thought" These things should be read carefully, and it is not possible to look for them on the Internet.

This ** has a history of ancient Chinese political thought.

The most representative thought of ancient China is:Confucianism, which is still influencing the lives of each and every one of us. In addition, Lao Tzu'sTaoist thoughtand exoticBuddhismIt also has a profound impact on everyone.

1. Confucianism.

The only thought that has not formed a religion but has a profound impact on every Chinese, the Chinese revere Confucius as the most holy teacher, and the Confucianism he founded is deeply rooted in the marrow of everyone.

The essence of Confucianism lies in the word "benevolence", which not only refers to benevolence, righteousness and morality, but also represents the attitude of being a person and doing things.

Of course, when it comes to Confucianism, we have to mention another representative of Confucianism, that is, Mencius. Although Mencius and Confucius did not meet at all, later generations unanimously believed that Mencius was the successor and developer of Confucius's thought, especially the emergence of Mencius, and the Confucian school would be more perfect.

2. Taoism.

Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoist thought, surnamed Li Ming'er, was a thinker of the same period as Confucius.

The essence of Taoist thought is that the Tao is natural, and it is in harmony with nature. In fact, many scholars in ancient China were influenced by Taoist thought, "the good will help the world, and the poor will be good to themselves", which is influenced by Taoist thought.

With the development of history, part of Taoist thought penetrated into everyone's life, while the other part was deified by people and turned into a religious belief. Up to now, the ancestor of Taoism is actually Lao Tzu. Although the immortals of Taoism can list a lot, the core is still in Lao Tzu.

3. Buddhism.

Buddhism was introduced from India, and everyone knows this. However, Buddhism has been localized by generations of Chinese in the process of spreading in China, and it has basically become a Chinese religious belief.

The representative spirit of Buddhism should be to do good, and the Bird's Nest Zen Master expressed these three words in an easy-to-understand manner into 16 words: do not do evil, pursue all good, purify their meaning, and are all Buddhism.

To put it simply, Buddhism gives people a blueprint for doing good deeds and producing good results in this life, so that people can be happy in the next life.

In fact, there are many schools of thought in ancient China, in addition to these three mainstream schools, there are also Mohist thought, Legalist thought, etc., especially the prosperous situation of a hundred schools of thought formed during the Warring States Period, which was really a collision of various schools of thought, which made people dizzy. It was not until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that Confucianism prevailed.

For thousands of years, the minds of the Chinese were occupied by Confucianism. However, the actual school of thought has not completely disappeared, and it still affects everyone to a greater or lesser extent.

The core of Confucianism is "benevolence". Politically, Confucius advocated the restoration of the etiquette system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the establishment of private schools in education, the promotion of education without class, the emphasis on teaching according to aptitude, and the emphasis on "not being angry, not being angry"; Mencius advocated that the king should practice "benevolent government" so that the world could be brought to the heart. In thought, a tension structure of benevolence and propriety has been formed; From the inner saint to the outer king, through the inner body and mind, the outer king's deeds are learned; Particular attention is paid to the ethical relationship between people, and it is applied to political practice as a guiding principle.

The core of Taoist thought is the "Tao", which is believed to be the origin of the universe and the law that governs all movements in the universe. Lao Tzu is the founder of Taoism, and his ideological propositions are:"Inaction", advocating "keeping soft", "living in the subordinate", "few desires" and "goodness".

Mozi is the founder of the Mohist school, and he once proposed "contemporaneous love" to complete fraternity; "Non-offensive" opposes wars of aggression; "Shangxian" does not distinguish between high and low, only talent; "Shangtong" is dedicated to serving the people, promoting the good and eliminating the disadvantages of the society, which is contrary to the Confucian viewpoint; "Tianzhi" grasps the laws of nature; "Non-fate" takes control of one's own destiny through hard work, etc.; "Non-music" got rid of the shackles of ritual music divided into hierarchies, and abolished the cumbersome and extravagant chime making and playing; "Saving" savings to expand production. against the extravagant and hedonistic life; "Festive burial" does not waste social wealth on the dead.

Legalists advocate "rule of law", and advocate the strategy of governing the country that combines "law", "art" and "potential" [law - law and rules and regulations, power - power and power, and art - political power. He strongly advocated the centralization of monarchical power.

To put it simply: Confucianism - bachelor, Taoism - hermit, Legalism - strategist, Mohist - chivalrous