How to judge air pollution and what is air pollution

Affected breathing. All kinds of discomforts.

Air pollution is a phenomenon in which the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere reaches a harmful level, exceeds environmental quality standards, destroys the ecosystem and normal living conditions of human beings, and causes harm to people and things. Anything that can make air quality worse is an air pollutant.

Major sources of air pollution.

1. Industry: Industrial production is an important part of air pollution. There are many types of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by industrial production, including soot, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, halides, carbon compounds, etc. Some of them are soot, and some are gases.

2. Domestic stoves and heating boilers: A large number of civil stoves and heating boilers in the city need to consume a large amount of coal, and coal will release a large amount of dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other harmful substances to pollute the atmosphere during the combustion process. Especially in winter, when heating, it often fills the polluted area with smoke and chokes people's cough, which is also a source of pollution that cannot be ignored.

3. Transportation: Automobiles, trains, planes, and ships are the main means of transportation in contemporary times, and the exhaust gas produced by burning coal or oil is also an important pollutant. In particular, the number of cars in the city is large and concentrated, and the pollutants emitted can directly invade people's respiratory organs, which is very serious to the air pollution of the city, and has become one of the main sources of air pollution in the big city.

The exhaust gases emitted by automobiles mainly include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, and the first three substances are very harmful.

4. Smoke from forest fires.

Air pollution, also known as air pollution, refers to the phenomenon that certain substances enter the atmosphere due to human activities or natural processes, present sufficient concentrations for a sufficient period of time, and thus endanger the comfort, health and welfare of the human body or the environment. That is, the air contains one or more pollutants, the amount, nature and duration of which can harm the lives of humans, plants and animals, damage property, or interfere with the comfortable living environment, such as the presence of odors. In short, as long as the quantity, nature and time of a substance are sufficient to affect human beings or other living beings or property, we can call it an air pollutant.

In other words, air pollution occurs when certain substances increase abnormally in the air.

There are many types of air pollutants, and they can be solid particles, droplets or gases, or a mixture of these forms. What are the types of air pollutants currently defined by laws and regulations in China? Depend on.

Air pollutant.

According to the Air Pollution Control Act and related regulations, air pollutants can be divided into four major items.

Gaseous pollutants.

Including sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, chlorine, hydrogen gasification, fluoride, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc.

Including suspended particles, soot, black smoke, acid mist, dust, etc.

Secondary pollutants.

It refers to the pollution produced by photochemical reaction of pollutants in the air, including photochemical fog, photochemical high oxide, etc.

Foul-smelling substances. Including chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, mercaptans, methylamines, etc.

Common air pollutants include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, most of which are caused by human factors. In China's laws and regulations, most of the air pollutants produced by human factors (such as chimney emissions, vehicle emissions, etc.) have emission standards to regulate their emissions.

Indoor pollution. Indoor Air Pollution Survey Report.

What are the common pollutants in interior decoration? What are the potential hazards to people? How can some prevention and control measures be taken? Let's take a closer look.

Common contaminants and their hazards.

There are more than 500 kinds of volatile substances in indoor air, including more than 20 carcinogens and more than 200 pathogenic viruses. The main hazards are: formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and trichloroethylene.

However, indoor air pollution is mainly in decoration pollution, and the reason is that the building materials selected in the building contain harmful substances, and seriously exceed the standard. In the decoration of new homes, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, radon, total volatile organic compounds and other harmful substances are common pollutants, mainly from various coatings, adhesives, artificial floors, wallpapers, floor tiles, paints and other decoration and decoration materials.

Indoor air pollution can be divided into outdoor sources and indoor sources. Outdoor sources of pollution refer to indoor air pollution from outdoor air.

For example, in hazy weather, there are a large number of pollutants such as PM2S, PM1, and SO in the atmosphere, which can enter the room through the cracks in doors and windows. Therefore, the atmosphere at this time is the source of air pollution. Indoor pollution sources refer to pollutants that come from indoors, such as indoor objects or indoor human activities, mainly including:

1) Building materials. Building materials that do not meet the national standards for building materials contain radioactive substances (radon) or harmful gases (ammonia) that exceed the standard, which will be gradually released.

2) Decoration materials. Due to the use of adhesives containing formaldehyde resins, plywood and partitions used in interior decoration will gradually release some organic pollutants. In addition, there are other types of decorative materials, such as wallpaper, synthetic carpets, styrofoam, paints and coatings, which also release toxic pollutants.

3) Biological pollution sources. Air pollution can be caused by hair, body scale and dander from pets, bacteria, molds and viruses from spoilage and pet metabolites.

4) Instruments and equipment. The air-conditioning system itself is also easy to become a source of pollution, such as the condensate on the surface of the heat exchanger during the cooling and dehumidification process, which is very easy to breed bacteria. Filters trap dust and microorganisms and can easily become a major source of contamination in the system if not replaced in time.

Printing and copying equipment can also increase the concentration of particulate matter in the room when it is running.

(5) Human activities. Smoking releases harmful substances such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, acetone, tar and particulate matter. Cooking, heating, and boiling water can also produce pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter.

6) The human body itself. Human behaviors such as coughing, sneezing, and breathing or metabolism can also produce pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and organic acids.

A person needs to breathe air to stay alive. An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day and inhales 15 20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health.

The harm of air pollutants to the human body is multifaceted, manifested as respiratory system damage, physiological dysfunction, digestive system disorders, nervous system abnormalities, mental decline, carcinogenesis, and disability. People call the smoke of this catastrophe the smoke of murder.

When the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is very high, it can cause acute pollution poisoning, or worsen the symptoms, and even kill thousands of people in a few days. In fact, even if the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is not high, the human body breathes this polluted air for many months, which can cause diseases such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer.

When talking about air pollution from the industrial side alone, there are generally the following reasons:

1. Air pollution caused by raw material leakage in the process;

2. Air pollution caused by excessive exhaust emissions;

3. Air pollution caused by the use of machinery;

In the process of industrial production (especially metallurgy and chemical industry), many industrial waste gases will be generated, which is an important source of pollution, and these waste gases may also cause photochemical reactions, which in turn will bring photochemical pollution; In addition, with the emission of exhaust gas in the production process, a large amount of dust is also discharged into the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in dust particle size; When the destruction of vegetation causes soil erosion, large amounts of sediment are blown into the air by the wind, forming so-called sandstorms. Carbon dioxide, which is produced from fuel oil, is also a significant source of pollution.

Dust pollution is the enemy of human health. Among them, the dust between the diameter of microns is the most harmful to people, it can directly reach the lung cell tissue and deposit, and enter the blood to send to the whole body, there are various toxic substances on the surface of the dust particles, after entering the human body, it can cause diseases of the respiratory tract, heart and lungs.

All kinds of industrial manufacturing produce a lot of waste gas, otherwise there will be no more pollution, not only air, but also soil, water sources, so we must advocate environmental protection.

Exhaust emissions, chemical plant emissions, and winter smog also affect air quality.

It smells big and smells unpleasant.

The pollution of the sycamore near Lancun Road in Shanghai is a bit excessive, the wool of the sycamore is simply polluting the environment, the nostrils are wearing masks, the eyes are still open, flying all over the sky, everywhere, people passing by there in the wind, all tears, runny noses, covering their eyes!!