How to reduce pests and diseases when growing vegetables in the open air? What are the points to do

Water is the root cause of disease, so pay attention to it when preparing the land. ** The soil should be thoroughly disinfected before use. Most of the balconies in the house are enclosed, and the ventilation conditions are not very good.

Therefore, it is necessary to check whether the leaves are too dense, cut off the excess leaves in time, and open the windows frequently for ventilation. Pull out the diseased plants in time, even if they are observed every day, it is still difficult to curb the disease, so it is necessary to detect and uproot them as soon as possible so as not to affect the growth of other plants. If you notice signs of eating or feces on the leaves, pay more attention and observe carefully.

If you find a bug, you should clamp it with a clip and throw it away immediately. The sooner you get rid of them, the more damage you'll be able to reduce. Most vegetables are very fond of moist soil.

Keep the soil moist, and when the air is extremely dry, you can spray some water on the vegetables to increase the humidity of the air, which can effectively reduce the production of spider mites.

When planting vegetables, you can use some pesticides, which can reduce pests and diseases, but also fertilize the soil, and do a good job of soil disinfection and sterilization. Before winter, it is necessary to do a good job of cleaning, but also to do a good job of disinfection, to do a good job of fertilization, but also to do a good job of watering. It is also necessary to do a good job of lodging prevention.

Primer fertilizer should be applied in advance, more watering and more fertilization, the temperature should be suitable, the soil should be renovated, and poisonicides should be sprayed, so that pests and diseases can be reduced.

The greenhouse creates a suitable small environment for the production of off-season vegetables, and also provides convenient conditions for the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. Because the greenhouse is a relatively closed space, the interior has formed a relatively independent microclimate, due to the high temperature and high humidity, such temperature and humidity conditions are necessary conditions for the production of vegetables out of season, and also an important condition for the occurrence and spread of various pests and diseases, so high temperature and high humidity are the main reasons why the vegetables grown in the greenhouse are prone to pests and diseases.

In the day-to-day management measures, implemented"Five changes and one increase"Measures, that is, to change the drip film to no drip film, change the open land in the shed to the full coverage of the mulch film, change the flat furrow cultivation to high ridge cultivation, change the open water irrigation to the dark tank under the film, and change the wind in the middle of the greenhouse to the high wind of the shed ridge. A waterproof ditch at the front of the shed is added to collect membrane water in the shed to prevent seepage into the ground to reduce the evaporation of water in the shed.

In the management of the shed film, it is necessary to wipe the shed film frequently, maintain the good light transmission of the shed film, increase the light, increase the temperature, and reduce the relative humidity are important conditions for disease prevention. In watering control, I carry it out"Three do not pour, three pour, three control"Technology. In the irrigation of the winter greenhouse, do not water on cloudy days and sunny days, do not water in the afternoon and water in the morning, and do not water in the open and dark water; Control watering at seedling stage, control watering on cloudy days, and control watering at low temperatures.

In the way of pesticide application, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of appropriate pesticide application methods to control pests and diseases. The greenhouse is a relatively independent closed environment, which can be controlled by fog agent and dust agent, so as to reduce the humidity in the shed and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

In vegetable health care, it is necessary to spray non-toxic protective agents and health care agents. Spraying 400-500 times of Bamulan on the foliar surface of vegetables can make the foliar surface of wild exacerbation form a high-grade non-toxic lipid film, which can prevent pollution. Foliar spraying of phytobiotics can increase the plant's ability to resist insect diseases, and it is safe and convenient without corrosion and pollution.

In short, the daily agricultural comprehensive control and management of greenhouse vegetable pests and diseases is a very important environmental protection and disease prevention method, for different pests and diseases of different vegetables, on the basis of doing a good job in comprehensive agricultural control, it is necessary to take targeted biological and chemical measures to prevent and control them in combination with the actual situation, so as to ensure the healthy growth of vegetables, high quality and high yield.

There are mainly powdery mildew, gray mold, downy mildew and other diseases in the shed, and it is recommended to prevent the noisy bush by spraying the cherry blossom next to the pesticide, and the spraying is generally before 3 pm. You can choose which one to spray amicida, Kinder, Kairun, Powderrust, etc., and rotate the drugs scientifically and reasonably.

At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to the insulation work, we must dismantle and ventilate the mu in time, and it is necessary to spray the farm stove in time to take the medicine, and then we must quickly choose the right fertilizer for the jujube, and we must do a good job in water and fertilizer management, and we must weed in time.

You can use drugs to treat, or more ventilation, you can also fertilize, you must control the temperature of Shihuheng, and you should also understand the planting skills in this area, and do a good job of prevention.

It is necessary to pay attention to ventilation, to timely fertilization, but also to timely watering, to pay attention to planting density, but also to ensure the quality of the air.

In winter, the vegetables in the shed can be treated with drugs like Sun Chun, or more ventilation, or fertilizer, and the temperature must be controlled well, and at the same time, it should be called to understand the planting skills in this area and do a good job of prevention.

Entering the autumn and winter greenhouse vegetables is also the planting management period, for the confined space, once the occurrence of improper pest control, easy to cause chain reaction, plus the drug problem in recent years, many pests and diseases have resistance, but also lead to poor drug effect, how do we solve this situation?

I believe that many friends have heard others say that for the problem of pest and disease resistance, different drugs must be rotated, which can reduce the problem of pest and disease resistance, but for growers or operators, it is too troublesome to change the medicine, and sometimes the effect is not very good, because other people have used it, which will also lead to resistance.

This also leads to the prevention and control, began to compound a variety of drugs, not only led to an increase in cost, pesticide residues also began to appear, for this situation, Kaijin teacher suggested that the following two solutions can be taken:

1. The use of biological control, such as the use of microbial fertilizer, biological bacteria selenium-rich fertilizer and other biological agents for prevention and control, can only play a preventive role.

2. Add organofluorine additives that can solve the resistance of pests and diseases, which can solve the problem of resistance to pests and diseases, which is equivalent to using a drug to prevent and control, and will also reduce our drug costs.

Recently, I found that there are many friends who have very serious pests and diseases in the vegetables they grow at home, and they still don't want to use pesticides for prevention and control. I believe that for most friends, it should be like this. Today, let's talk about how to prevent and control vegetable diseases and pests, which is environmentally friendly and effective.

This is a pure biological agent, but also a common long root anti-heavy stubble agent, with maintenance and prevention of two-way effect, vine blight fungal disease has a good prevention and control effect, its specific role is to form a layer of protective cover around the root, the rhizome around the fungal disease slowly absorbed, and then maintain the rhizome from the erosion of pathogenic bacteria, to achieve the purpose of growing roots, promoting growth, and treating bacteria with bacteria.

This is relying on the popular biological agent, the effect is universal, not only can be used to overcome bacteria, manipulate soil layer disease bacteria, reduce soil layer soil-borne diseases, prevent various diseases of vegetables and crops, but also can grow roots and seedlings, improve soil, prevent diseases and increase yield, the longer the use time, the better the effect.

R. solanacearum is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, safe and no residue, with the two-way effect of sterilization and disease prevention, vitamin supplementation, and has a good preventive effect on vegetable bacterial wilt, horn spot, brown spot, stem rot, etc. Spray and irrigate the roots with wilt rick + garlic oil for better results.

In addition to the above three biological agents, there are Jinggangmycin, Penicillium, Bacillus licheniformis, etc., these biological agents have zero pollution and no residue, which is a chemical fertilizer and a bactericidal and disease prevention agent, which can be mixed into chemical fertilizer and applied, and can be irrigated and sprayed.

These are the most used microbial agents for insect pest control at this stage, which can prevent and control more than 200 kinds of crop pests, and have achieved good control effect on crops, vegetables, trees and crops, and emerald green mothproof, no residue, no ingredients, and really do it with bacteria to treat insects.

As a biological insecticide, it has a good control effect on a variety of insect pests, and has a good control effect on more than 100 kinds of insect pests and animal and plant ciliates such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Mites, etc., and has no damage to beneficial insects.

In addition to the above biological insecticides, biological insecticides include: green worm fungus, bacillus borer, spinosad and so on. Pesticides of plant origin:

Azadirachtin, matrine, niacin, pyrethrin, etc. In addition to biological agents, these are plant-derived preparations, without any chemical pesticide ingredients, will not form residues on vegetables, and the effect is also very good, is the first choice for home planting vegetables, used to prevent and control pests and diseases.

We should choose vegetable varieties with strong resistance to diseases and pests, cover the land with film before planting to raise the low temperature, kill the pests in the soil, and in the process of vegetable growth, cultivate some beneficial bacteria for different diseases to fight, and if there are fewer vegetables, you can also use the phototaxis, colorism, and flavor of insects to trap.

1.It is soaked in water and sprayed, using the alkaline characteristics of grass and wood ash to inhibit the reproduction of germs, 2It is to sprinkle grass and wood ash on the vegetable seedlings, and use the characteristics of grass and wood ash to kill or drive away pests, so as to achieve the effect of pest control.

Then it is better to use biological control methods, and to eat farm fertilizer. If there are bugs, they can be caught directly, because there is no need to use pesticides.

Farmer Lao Yang is a vegetable grower. He has been growing vegetables for two or three years, mainly leafy vegetables. Lao Yang said:

There is no confidence in growing vegetables this year. I always hear on the Internet that La Niña is coming this year, this year is a cold winter, this year is extreme weather, etc. This kind of news always feels that the vegetables planted this year will be frozen.

A few years ago, some overwintering celery and spinach were planted in the open field, but this year they are not planted. ”

I said, "Which one are you?" These dishes are hardy and should be kept warm a little.

For example, transplanting celery, watering enough water after seedlings, covering a layer of film before heavy rain and snow, and opening it again next year when the temperature is high, is very simple. "I planted some leafy vegetables like coriander and lettuce in the cold shed. The first two years were warm winter weather, not particularly cold, and I felt like I didn't have much management.

Only the quilt grows well. Lao Yang said. Frost damage has a great impact on vegetables, which grow slowly, or even stop growing, and the leaves wilt.

The leaves freeze as if they have been scalded by hot water, affecting yield and quality. Daily management should have sufficient fertilizer and water, and thermal insulation measures should be taken in time when the temperature in the shed is particularly low. There are two methods that are commonly used.

1.Promotes the growth of leafy vegetables.

Be aware of weather changes. Three or four days before the low temperature comes, you can spray antifreeze once to reduce the occurrence of frost damage. Antifreeze can be made from potassium dihydrogen phosphate and brassin, and some amino acid foliar fertilizers can be used for weak-growing vegetables and can also enhance the growth and resistance of vegetables.

2.Increase the temperature in the shed.

Coriander and spinach grow fast when the temperature is low, but for some lettuce and baby greens, too low a temperature can cause frost damage. If there is no frost damage, the temperature in the shed needs to be increased appropriately. Cover the quilt and two sheets of film to raise the temperature in the shed.

In addition, the use of insulation blocks in the shed is also a good way to keep warm. At night, a greenhouse can be heated up by about five degrees by about five degrees.

Both methods are good for preventing frost damage. Spraying antifreeze can promote the growth of plants and improve their resistance. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases, fungicides can also be added, which is simple and labor-saving.

This method is used a lot. But when the temperature is extremely low, you have to find a way to raise it. If you have a heating block at home, you can use it.

It is also important to prevent frost damage during winter vegetable management. Although the temperature has not dropped significantly after winter, for vegetable farmers, it is necessary to master the tricks of anti-freezing in advance, so as to prevent frost damage from not knowing what to do and affecting the yield.

Planting vegetables in winter requires controlling the temperature and light suitable for vegetable growth, fertilizing and weeding frequently. Usually, it is necessary to ventilate and cover the vegetable greenhouse according to the weather, and pay attention to the humidity and moisture in the greenhouse. In addition, it is necessary to choose suitable pesticides to remove insects and resist diseases of vegetables, so that healthy vegetables can be grown.

First of all, we should pay attention to fertilization, in winter, you can apply some farmhouse organic fertilizer, sprinkle a layer of chaff ash or plant ash on the vegetables before the outside temperature is too low, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, so as not to have poor cold resistance of the plant.

Theoretically, the longer the light hours, the more efficient the photosynthesis, the more organic matter the crop produces, and the higher the yield and quality.

In the north of our country, in winter, the light time is short, so we should try to extend the light time in the greenhouse.

As soon as the sun comes out, quickly uncover the quilt or straw, and cover it again after the sun sets. Of course, taking into account the temperature, it is possible to flexibly control the time.

The management skills of planting vegetables in autumn need to be paid attention to: high-quality organic fertilizers are generally used, 2000 to 2500kg of poultry manure is applied to 1 mu with sufficient fertilizer, 30 to 40 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is used with each other, and the soil layer should be turned to a depth of 40 to 45 cm when fertilizing. Temperature and humidity, on a sunny day, if the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, it is necessary to unravel the ventilation on both sides of the greenhouse to cool down.

On rainy days, you only need to ventilate around the afternoon, and the rest of the time you don't need to.

When planting in the ultra-low temperature season in autumn and spring, in addition to covering the mulch, you can also use the greenhouse to pad the shed or add straw to the shed to insulate the heat. When planting stubble in autumn and winter, the frequency of natural ventilation should be appropriately reduced, and double-layer covering should be used in the middle and late stages of growth and development to increase the ambient temperature in the shed and avoid ultra-low temperature damage. Attention should be paid to natural ventilation and humidity control.

It is necessary to carry out humidity regulation under the premise of ensuring the ambient temperature in the shed.

Watering and fertilization, after the first batch of crops gradually grows larger, water is injected and fertilized to promote fruiting to ensure the excellent growth standards of crops; In the bumper yield period, the amount of watering and fertilizer should be expanded to prevent dehydration and defertilization; According to the details of the temperature, the frequency of watering and the amount of watering should be decided, fertilization and irrigation are closely combined, and the conclusion is that in the early stage, fertilizer should be applied every 10 to 15 days, and 1 mu of urea solution is 5 to 8kg; During the harvest period, fertilizer is applied every 7 to 10 days, 10 to 15kg of urea solution and 8 to 10 kg of ammonium sulfate are applied to an acre.

Therefore, you should pay attention when choosing the soil layer, I heard that this kind of soil is rich in nutrients, relatively loose, and has good natural ventilation, and it is not easy to water vegetables in the room, causing the roots of plants to rot, so the final growth and development are also very good. If you apply very hard soil, vegetables and fruits will not grow well, and the taste in the middle and late stages is not very good, which we must pay attention to, water problems, many people will spend three days catching two fish when raising vegetables, and forget to water the vegetables.