How to evaluate the statistical methods used in the literature

The great significance of the theory of the unification of social statistics and mathematical statistics.

Professor Wang Jianding pointed out that social statistics describes variables, and mathematical statistics describes random variables, and variables and random variables are two mathematical concepts that are both different and related, and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Professor Wang Jianding's exposition is a huge discovery in mathematics.

We know that the concept of "variable" was first proposed by the famous mathematician Descartes in the 17th century, while the concept of "random variable" was first proposed by Soviet scholars after the 30s of the 20th century. As of Professor Wang Jianding, there is no second person in the world who has proposed the connection, difference and mutual transformation of variables and random variables. We know that the proposition of variables has led to the emergence and development of a series of major mathematical disciplines such as function theory, equation theory, and calculus. The proposal of random variables has laid the theoretical foundation for probability theory and mathematical statistics and promoted their vigorous development.

It can be seen how important the concept of variables and random variables is so valuable that it is not an exaggeration to call the significance of Professor Wang Jianding's first proposal in the world of the connection, difference and mutual transformation of variables and random variables huge.

Let's go back to the theory of "the unity of social statistics and mathematical statistics". Professor Wang Jianding pointed out that social statistics describes variables, and mathematical statistics describes random variables, so Professor Wang Jianding accurately defined the scope of social statistics and mathematical statistics, as well as the relationship that can be transformed into each other under certain conditions, which is the greatest contribution to statistics.

It has put an end to the statistical scuffle of dozens, if not hundreds, of various species for nearly 400 years, and has put them back on the right track.

Because variables keep coming and going forever, social statistics will not only not die out, but will continue to evolve. Of course, mathematical statistics will also develop due to the continuous emergence of random variables. However, the study of random variables is generally much more complex than the study of variables, and until today, the study of mathematical statistics is still at a low level and is more complicated to use. In the long run, the study of random variables will eventually be transformed into the study of variables, which is the same as the research principle that we usually study complex problems into several simple problems.

Since social statistics describes variables, and the scope of variable descriptions is extremely broad, it is by no means what some mathematical statisticians have said: social statistics only does simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Theoretically, social statistics should cover the operation of most mathematical disciplines except mathematical statistics.

Therefore, the theory of "unity of social statistics and mathematical statistics" proposed by Professor Wang Jianding has fundamentally corrected the long-standing erroneous theory of underestimating social statistics in the statistical field, and demonstrated the broad prospects of social statistics in theory and application.

Interpreting Statistics Commands All Science:

Literature review is a kind of academic ** written after comprehensive analysis after collecting a large amount of information on a certain topic, which is a kind of scientific literature.

Formatting and writing.

The format of the literature review is different from that of a general research**. This is because research** focuses on the methods and results of the research, especially positive results, while a literature review requires the reader to be presented with detailed information, developments, progress, outlook, and comments on the above aspects related to the topic. As a result, the format of a literature review is relatively diverse, but in general, it generally consists of the following four parts:

i.e. Introduction, Theme, Summary, and References. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.

The preface mainly explains the purpose of the writing, introduces the relevant concepts and definitions, and the scope of the review, and briefly explains the current situation or the focus of the controversy on the relevant topic, so that the reader can have a preliminary outline of the issues to be described in the whole text.

The topic part, which is the main body of the review, is written in a variety of ways and has no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order, or it can be summarized according to different issues, and it can also be compared and summarized according to different points of view, no matter which format is used to summarize, sort out, analyze and compare the collected literature and materials, clarify the historical background, current situation and development direction of the relevant topics, as well as comments on these issues, and pay special attention to the representative, scientific and creative literature citations and reviews in the theme part.

The summary part is somewhat similar to the summary of the research, which summarizes the topic of the whole text, and it is best for the authors who have studied the topic to be reviewed.

References, although placed at the end of the article, are an important part of the literature review. Because it not only shows respect for the author of the cited literature and the basis for citing the literature, but also provides a literature search clue for the reader to go deep into the relevant issues. Therefore, it should be taken seriously.

References should be clearly arranged, easy to find, and accurate. Regarding the use of references, the bibliographic items and format are the same as those of the research** and will not be repeated.

The term statistics originated from national surveys, which originally meant national studies. Generally speaking, statistics have three meanings: statistical work, statistical information, and statistical science or science.

The relationship between statistical work, statistical data, and statistical science is that the results of statistical work are statistical data, and the basis of statistical data and statistical science is statistical work, and statistical science is not only a blind generalization of statistical work experience, but also the principle, principle, and method guiding statistical work.

Function: Statistics is an important tool to provide information on the national economic situation, and statistical work is a tool for social, economic and natural phenomena.

Collect, organize, and analyze the overall quantity. Provide important decision-making information.

Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, statistics has extensively absorbed and integrated new theories from related disciplines, continuously developed and applied new technologies and methods, deepened and enriched the theories and methods in the traditional field of statistics, and expanded new fields. Today's statistics have shown a strong vitality. In our country, the socialist market economic system.

The gradual establishment of practice and the need for the development of practice have put forward new, more and higher requirements for statistics. With the growth and continuous improvement of China's socialist market economy, the potential function of statistics will be more fully and fully explored.

The understanding of systemic and systemic complexity has added new ideas for the future development of statistics. Due to social practice.

With the rapid development of breadth and depth, as well as the high development of science and technology, people's understanding of the systematization and complexity of the objective world has become more comprehensive and deep. With the rise of scientific convergence, the research tentacles of statistics have extended to new fields, and the research of statistical methods for exploratory data has emerged. The field of research has expanded to complex objective phenomena.

In the 21st century, the focus of statistical research will shift from deterministic and random phenomena to the study of complex phenomena. Such as fuzzy phenomena, mutation phenomena and chaotic phenomena.

and other new areas. It can be said that the study of complex phenomena has opened up a new field of study in statistics.