Does history evolve in cycles? 10

The development of Chinese history is like the movement of a spinning top, constantly rotating, circle after circle, and repeatedly. In this periodic movement, there is something constant, which always remains the same.

The development of Chinese history is like the movement of a spinning top, constantly rotating, circle after circle, and repeatedly. In this periodic movement, there is something constant, which always remains the same.

Du Mu said, "The Qin people do not have time to mourn themselves and future generations mourn them, and future generations mourn them without learning from them, and they also make future generations mourn for future generations." ”

Doesn't "posterity mourn for posterity" just reflects the characteristics of Chinese history that remain unchanged in the midst of change?

This is a kind of law, which some call the law of history. Recently, we can see that different scholars interpret different historical facts from different angles"The laws of history"。Among them is what Huang Yanpei said"Its rise is also vigorous, and its death is also sudden"Law; Written by Bai Yang"The law of bottlenecks"；Written by Qin Hui"Huang Zongxi's law"；Written by Wu Si"The Law of Blood Reward"；Written by Yang Guang"The Law of Legitimacy of Traditional Power"and"Water can carry a boat, but it can also capsize a boat"Law; "There is much help for the righteous, but little help for the unjust"Law; "If you divide for a long time, you must be together for a long time"Law; "Rabbit dead dog cooked"Law; "Win and lose"Law; "The law of the cycle of family prosperity and decline"Wait a minute.

All kinds of sayings, can they all be called?"Law; ", there are also doubts. But they do keep repeating, showing a certain regularity. Why are scholars interested in the laws of history?

I thought their intention was to break with the eternal things in our history. "Posterity mourns posterity"Such repetition gives us too much pain.

It's not a cycle, it's a continuous development, and the trajectory is like a spiral. Some people say that "after a long time, you must unite, and you will divide for a long time" It seems like a circle that does not move in place, but every time it is divided, society has taken a big step forward and has risen to a higher level, but it seems to be back to the original point.

The development of history is actually regular, not that history will be exactly the same as reality, from the experience of various dynasties and generations, the development of history is inevitable, and there are rules to be found, you can think about it carefully, many things that are happening now are allusions to history.

Yes in some ways.

Maybe the dynasty is the same, we live in this space in this life, and I don't know if we will live in a feudal society again in the next life, maybe in a developed country in the United States?

The Zhou people are an ancient tribe active in the Loess Plateau in northwest China. At the same time, in the Central Plains, there are the Chong tribe represented by Yu and the Fan tribe represented by Qi in the north. The earliest hometown of the Zhou people was in Tai, and the "Book of Songs, Daya, Shengmin" said that the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty abandoned "that is, there was a Tai family room"), that is, today's Wugong County, Shaanxi Province.

The ancestor of Zhou's male line is called Houji, and his name is abandoned. He served as an agronomist in a tribal alliance headed by Yao and Shun, in charge of agriculture. Houji's mother, Jiang Yan, is the daughter of the Tai family.

Jiang, that is, the Qiang people. Ji and Jiang are two groups that marry each other, until the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Taigong was sealed in Qidi, and the Zhou people still call it the state of nephews and uncles. During the reign of the Xia Dynasty, due to a period of lack of attention to agriculture, the ancestors of Zhou did not lose their agricultural officials, fled to the northwest, and lived with Rongdi ("Chinese Zhouyu" says "do not rush between Rongdi").

Later, Gongliu led the Zhou people to migrate along the upper reaches of Jingshui to Fengdi (now Xunyi County and Bin County, Shaanxi).

At this time, the Zhou people had entered the later stage of the primitive commune system, and began to build cities, using prisoners of war and slaves. When he arrived at the time of Gu Gong's father, due to being invaded by the Di people, he led the Zhou people to Zhou Yuan in the Weishui Valley under Qishan. The land here is fertile and soft, making it ideal for farming.

Bitter herbs such as liantu and violet are also as sweet as syrup ("Poetry, Daya, Mian": "Zhou Yuan is full of flesh, and violet is like syrup"). In addition, the ancestors of Zhou served as agricultural officials, were good at planting, and accumulated rich experience in agricultural production.

That's when they began to be called weeks. Gu Gong's father and his wife came to the wilderness, inspected the terrain, built cities, built palaces, and began to transform into a class society under the influence of slavery in the Shang Dynasty. Agricultural production is developing day by day, and the country's strength is becoming stronger day by day.

At this time, it was already the late Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains. Zhou was a vassal state of Shang in the West. Zhou recognized the Shang as the co-ruler of the world and paid regular tribute to the Shang.

In order to expand their territory and plunder wealth and slaves, the Zhou people constantly waged aggressive wars against the surrounding backward Rongdi tribes. He successively conquered the Xiluo Ghost Rong, Yanjing Zhirong, Yu Wu Zhirong, Shihu Zhirong, Hu Zhirong and other departments, and achieved a series of victories, becoming a powerful country in the West.

It is difficult to say whether there is progress or not, but regression is impossible. Humanistic development is certainly further. But politically, the Zhou Dynasty still engaged in feudalism and did not centralize power, so that it later evolved into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so it is difficult to say that there has been any great progress in the system.

It should be a regression, Shang emancipated the slaves, and Zhou reverted to slavery.

Regression Slave feudalism

Merchants emancipated slaves.

Zhou slave owner. Shang civilization Zhou pseudo-civilization, backward said that they were civilized, but in fact, Mu monkey and crown, Shang centralized power. Zhou divided a thousand princes.

History is only repeated, how can there be regression...

It's definitely progressing, society is progressing step by step!

It's the same as Qing Ming. It was the backward nation that triumphed over the advanced nation.

The Zhou Dynasty is certainly a historical progress.

The Zhou Dynasty (c. 11th century BC – 256 BC) was the dynasty that succeeded the Shang Dynasty in Chinese history. Zhou is also the creator and original designator of the term "Huaxia". The Zhou Dynasty has a total of 30 generations and 37 kings, totaling about 791 years, and the other says that it is 868 years, a difference of nearly 100 years, and the problem is that the founding year of the Zhou Dynasty has not been confirmed.

The Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty (mid-11th century BC, 771 BC) and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC, 256 BC). The Western Zhou Dynasty was founded by King Wu of Zhou, Ji Fa, the capital of Haojing (Zong Zhou), and the eastern capital of Chengwang was built in the fifth year of King Chengzhou, Luoyi; In 770 B.C. (the first year of King Ping of Zhou), King Ping moved eastward and set the capital of Luoyi (Cheng Zhou), and this period of the Zhou Dynasty was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The Middle Eastern Zhou period is also known as the "Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period", which is divided into two parts: "Spring and Autumn" and "Warring States". The Zhou dynasty was the third and last hereditary slave dynasty in China, after which the Qin and Han dynasties began to become a unified state with a unified state from ** to the local level**. Historical books often refer to the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou as two weeks together.

The Western Zhou Dynasty was followed by the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which consisted of two eras, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Spring and Autumn Warring States.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.

The most fundamental thing is to start farming. The ancestor of Zhou, Houji, liked to farm, and his descendants did not fall into the barbarians. Later, Gongliu began to farm in the barbarians again, but he could not get rid of animal husbandry, so his descendants gave up agriculture again.

Later, Gu Gong's father left the barbarians, began to farm again, established cities, and began to settle. The bureaucratic system was also established. So when his grandson came to him, he became Uncle Fang, and when he came to his great-grandson, he became king.

This experience gave them several advantages. First, the national people who have just left animal husbandry are simple and simple, and they are united in their hearts. The second is that they have previous experience in farming, so agriculture is developing very rapidly.

The third is that they are adjacent to the nomads, have horses and carts, and have an advantage over the infantry. This, coupled with the fact that the land in which they live is fertile, so it is able to flourish.