The history of the development of the salt industry, the history of the development of salt

Ancient times. Legend of the Yellow Emperor.

There was a prince named Susa Clan, who invented the condiment of salt by boiling seawater. Because the equipment is too simple, most of the refined salt is coarse salt, and the colors are also blue, yellow, white, black, and purple.

It is once recorded in the "Shuowen": The born is called salt, and the boiled is called salt. "Orthography".

There is also a record of the name of salt: there is no one type of salt, or it comes from the brine ground, or from the well, or from the cliff, or from the stone, or from the wood. This description is the history of the Shusha clan's salt-making, and his behavior is undoubtedly to accelerate the development process of human society, and because he was the first person to invent salt, he was honored by future generations as "Salt Sect", until now, there are still many places to worship the temple of Salt Sect.

Institutional Change of Salt:

Feudal society. The salt monopoly system made it a financial revenue tool for the ruling class of feudal society, plundering the wealth of the people and earning huge profits for its feudal rule. In the process of implementing the salt monopoly, the ruling class maximizes its own interests, on the one hand, it greatly increases the cost of implementing the system.

It reduces the efficiency of system operation and reduces the net profit of salt monopoly.

Revenue; On the other hand, because of the corruption of officials, officials at all levels were bribery.

It has become a common practice, which has seriously damaged the image of the ruling clique in the minds of the people, impaired its ability to govern, and thus endangered the security of the ruling class itself.

1. What was the dynasty in which salt first appeared?

In fact, our wise ancestors were as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

Salt has already begun to be used, but at that time it was not really salt, but brine, so in Oracle.

At that time, people found that meat food made with salty water would taste more delicious, and brine was just seawater or well brine, which was the earliest salt in our country, so sometimes we watched TV dramas, and people who traveled through the past could eat delicious food, which was impossible, because salt was very scarce at that time, and only the royal family had the opportunity to enjoy it.

2. The history of the development of salt in our country.

1.Brine from the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, people did not know how to extract the salt crystals in the brine, so they could only use salty water to cook the food, which was also the earliest use of salt in our country.

Salt appeared in the earliest dynasties.

2.Coarse salt late in the week.

Since the late Zhou Dynasty, people have learned how to separate salt crystals in the brine after the catalysis of time, but at that time there was no purification technology, people will only simply add jujube silver to lack hot brine, so that the salt can precipitate by itself, forming crystals, this is the birth of coarse salt, but there are many impurities in coarse salt, and some brine also contains a lot of chemicals, so the quality is very poor, even so, from the Zhou Dynasty.

From the later period, the emperor set up salt officials.

The importance of salt to life can also be seen in the fact that the salt distribution of the whole country is directly arranged by the royal family, and this tradition has continued into modern times.

3.In the late Tang Dynasty, fine salt appeared.

In the late Tang Dynasty, people began to learn to remove impurities from coarse salt and refine fine salt, which is the salt stool we eat in modern life. Therefore, the quality of life of the people in the Tang Dynasty was extremely high, and the diversity of food was also greatly improved because of the birth of fine salt.

Salt appeared in the earliest dynasties.

Salt is a very important food in our lives, so when was the earliest dynasty when salt appeared, everyone should now have a basic understanding, if you want to understand Chinese food culture.

In terms of the development history, it is also a good choice to look at the development history of Yanba in our country.

The salt industry has a long history, and its development has gone through the process from primitive manual production and manual mechanical production to mechanized and modern production (see History of Salt Making Technology).

Human beings first collected brine and salt existing in nature, including natural brine and rock salt on the surface and salt naturally crystallized in coastal depressions, for consumption.

More than 5,000 years ago, China began to scrape the salty soil on the seashore and pour brine and fry salt.

In areas where there is natural brine, the production method of "burning charcoal first, splashing it with salt well water, and scraping the salt" was adopted.

At the end of the Warring States Period, Sichuan began to dig wells, draw brine, and fry salt.

Qi Guanzhong (BC?) 645 BC) implemented the policy of "Guanshan Hai", that is, salt was produced by the government and the people, and all products were uniformly distributed by the government.

However, from the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, except for the 139 years from the third year of Emperor Wen of Sui (583) to the tenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (722), when the beaches, salt wells, and salt lakes of the whole country were opened, and the people were allowed to produce and sell them freely, in order to increase financial revenue, most of the other dynasties implemented the monopoly system, controlled the production and marketing of salt with strict punishment and strict laws, and forced salt households to produce salt through the formation of forced labor.

Although during the Sui and Tang dynasties, Shanxi lake salt production has formed a new process of "reclamation and watering", and during the Song and Yuan dynasties, Fujian sea salt production has partially adopted the salt drying method, but the production scale is small, the tools and equipment are simple, and there is only simple cooperation between producers, and it has been staying in the state of small production of one household.

The situation is different for well salt.

In Sichuan, Zhuo tube wells appeared in the Song Dynasty, and drill bits ("round blade" files) were used to sink wells for the first time.

From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the handmade machinery was gradually completed, the division of labor and cooperation was gradually clarified, and commercial capital was increasingly transformed into industrial capital.

With the influx of nomads, the labor market gradually took shape, and by the time of Qianlong (1736-1795) and Jiaqing (1796-1820) of the Qing Dynasty, the Zigong salt industry had entered the stage of capitalist factory handicrafts.

After 1835, black brine wells, rock salt wells, and deep natural gas wells were drilled one after another, which provided abundant raw materials and energy for the salt industry.

The natural dissolution and leaching cavity of the rock salt well, the water injection of one well, and the brine production of multiple wells have contributed to the union of the relevant well households and greatly promoted the development of the handicraft industry in the salt area.

Under the influence of the industrial revolution, after the middle of the 19th century, some technologically developed countries have successively adopted machinery and equipment for the sinking of well salt, brine extraction and salt production, the tide acceptance, brine production, crystallization, salt collection and transportation of sea salt, and the mining of lake salt and mineral salt, and the production scale has been expanding day by day.

In 1912, a steam locomotive was used to pull the brine in the Zigong salt area of China, and in 1925, the Hangu salt field in Tianjin used a diesel engine to drive the water pump to lift water, and some other Haiyan areas also gradually began to adopt machinery, but the development was slow.

From 1910 to 1949, China's annual salt production increased from 1.78 million tons to 2.98 million tons, with an average annual increase.

After 1949, China's salt industry developed rapidly, and gradually realized mechanized and modern large-scale production.

Yancheng has a long history of using seawater to make salt.

Production process control:

1. Brine production: (1) Tide absorption and water lifting: use reservoirs and evaporation areas to fully precipitate the sediment in the seawater, and purify the seawater through the adsorption and flocculation and sedimentation of the suspended particles in the seawater.

2) Farming: Filter the algae in seawater through the natural cultivation of shellfish and artemia to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus content in seawater.

2. Crystallization: (1) Deep-water crystallization: using rain-proof facilities, deep-water crystallization, the depth is maintained at a depth of more than 20 cm all year round.

2) Drying: The ratio of the area of the first and second level pools reaches 6:4.

3) Irrigation pool brine replacement: Irrigation pond or brine exchange with bleaching brine, the brine is clean and the transparency is not less than 15 cm.

4) Live ballast: from March every year to start live ballast, generally continuous evaporation of 20 mm to 30 mm live once, salt ballast to live thoroughly, live evenly, live ballast until the salt.

3. Salt collection and storage: Salt collection and storage are collected by hydraulic pipelines, pure new brine washing salt, one washing is not circulating, each ton of salt is washed with salt brine cubes or more, and the salt of the first and second pools is stacked.

4. Processing: The production of raw salt must be completed locally, and various edible salts are refined by physical methods such as crushing, washing, dehydration and drying.

Origin environment. Sheyang County is located in the middle of the coastal area of northern Jiangsu, bordering the Yellow Sea in the east, Xinyang Port in the south and Tinghu District of Yancheng City in the south, Jianhu County and Funing County in the west, and Binhai County in the north of the main irrigation canal in northern Jiangsu.

It is between 33°31 12 -34°07 15 north latitude and 119°55 48 -120°34 47 east longitude, with a total area of square kilometers, of which the land area is square kilometers and the water area is square kilometers. The topography of the county is slightly high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and south, and low in the middle.

The sea area of Sheyang County (the area from the seaward side of the coastline to the outer limit of the territorial sea baseline) belongs to the Yellow Sea in marine geography, starting from the "coastal ray" in the north and reaching the sea boundary line with Dafeng District of Yancheng City in the south, the coastline of Sheyang County is 103 kilometers long, and the total sea area is 10,000 hectares, including 12,553 hectares in the supratidal zone, 7,667 hectares in the intertidal zone, and 10,000 hectares in the subtidal zone.

The north of the Sheyang estuary is an erosive silty and silty coast, and the outer beach surface of the embankment is narrow, generally in kilometers; To the south of the Sheyang estuary is a silt-long silty and silty coast, with a wide beach and a gentle slope, and a tidal flat width of 2-kilometer. The vast sea area, abundant sunshine and wind resources are extremely beneficial to the production of sea salt.

Ancient humans ingested salt from other foods, and began to eat salt in ancient times, and in ancient times (such as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period or earlier), the ancients dried the sea raw, purified it in a natural way, or drilled brine wells to make salt.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's salt production base was the Qi State.

There's a legend down there, hehe, an ancient legend.

The origin of salt. Legend has it that when there is fire in the world, people slowly eat cooked food, but it is still tasteless, and people still have hair on their bodies. After discussing with the Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of Man, they went to the Jade Emperor and begged him to get some salty objects for the world.

The Jade Emperor said to the Emperor, "Go to the Peony Garden of the Queen Mother, where there is a kind of sacred soil, called brewing soil." This kind of soil grows when it sees water, and there are bitter, spicy, sweet, and salty in the soil. If it reaches the world, the soil is strong and the crops grow, and the hair on its body will surely fade after people eat it. ”

When the emperor arrived at the peony garden, he asked the queen mother for a large piece of stuffed soil. The Queen Mother gave him five more immortals and asked them to help the Emperor carry this piece of soil back.

How do you get it back? Approaching from the water. So they made a great raft out of branches, and they found a great mill, and carried it to the raft, and put them on the raft with the earth.

One day, a strong wind blew, and the wind blew bigger and bigger, and a wave came, and the raft was turned upside down, and the soil and mill fell into the sea. It is strange to say that when the plate is ground to the bottom of the sea, it is still ground vigorously, and the brewed soil is completely melted into the water, and the sea water becomes salty. The people on both sides of the coast ate the seawater, and after a long time, the hair on their bodies was gone.

The people there found that when the tide of the sea went down, there was a layer of white objects left, and they picked it up and licked it with their tongues, which was salty. People take it to their homes and put some on it when they are cooking, so it is more palatable. The name of this white object was salt.

Later, the salt spread farther and farther, and everyone in the world ate this object, and the hair on the human body was gone.

Salt comes out of the sea, and people like to eat salt, which has been passed down to the present.

China is also the place where the salt well was invented, and the word "salt" originally meant "to boil and brine in a vessel". It is recorded in the "Shuowen": Those who are born are called salt, and those who are boiled are called salt.

Legend has it that during the Yellow Emperor, there was a prince named Shusha, who boiled and marinated in seawater and fried it into salt, and the colors were green, yellow, white, black, and purple. The Chinese began to boil salt around the time of the Shennong clan (Yan Emperor) and the Yellow Emperor.

In ancient China, salt was boiled with seawater. In the 50s of the 20th century, cultural relics were unearthed in Fujian, including salt decoction utensils, which proved that the ancients had learned to decoct sea salt during the Yangshao period (5000 BC and 3000 BC). According to the above information and physical evidence, in China, the origin of salt is far in the Yanhuang era 5,000 years ago, and the inventor Shu Shashi is the originator of seawater salt decoction with fire, and later generations respect it as "salt sect".

In fact, industrial salt is a product of raw salt that has not been purified many times, and it also comes from salt pans and salt mines, which can be said to be the same as edible salt. The biggest difference between it and edible salt is that there are more impurities, including MgCl2 and other impurities, while MgCl2 is easy to deliquescent, which can cause diarrhea for people, and of course, there are some other impurities.