How to place chemical laboratory instruments and drugs

Generally speaking, small instruments are suitable for placing on the wall table, keeping it horizontal, etc., but some large special instruments need to be placed in the middle of the laboratory, so as to facilitate debugging, maintenance, and repair. The various swing methods of the instrument usually require a certain laboratory environment, such as a balance room, which requires constant temperature, drying, dust removal, vibration prevention, etc. In the case of reagents, there are too many classifications, and the general volatility needs to be placed in the reagent cabinet with a ventilation system, and the toxic and harmful and dangerous chemicals are usually managed by a special person and placed in the safe, and the dangerous reagents such as strong acids should also be placed in the reagent cabinet and can be taken out only when they are used.

If some of the standard words are usually kept in the refrigerator.

Storage: Most of the reagents need to be stored in a cool and dry place, if there are conditions to control the temperature and humidity, it is best to keep the temperature 20-25, low humidity, oxidants and chemicals are strictly partitioned, volatile organic reagents are recommended to open a separate room for storage, and there is a ventilation device, strong acid reagents can be stored in an acid-proof plastic cabinet, and a ventilation device should also be configured.

Some chemicals need to be strictly protected from light, such as iodine, potassium iodide, etc.

There are also some chemicals that are easily deliquescent, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, etc., which can be purchased appropriately and stored in the dryer.

Highly toxic items should be kept strictly in a safe with double locks.

Smoke alarms should be installed in all rooms to avoid accidents such as fires.

Storage of reagents.

a) 1Chemical reagents should be kept by a designated person and kept by accounts.

2.Solid reagents and liquid reagents and chemical reagents with different chemical properties or conflicting fire extinguishing methods should be stored in separate cabinets.

3.Chemical reagents that are easily deteriorated, flammable, explosive, and prone to produce toxic gases by light should be stored in a cool and ventilated place; Flammable and explosive materials should be kept away from fire.

4.Volatile reagents should be stored in a ventilated room.

5.Highly toxic reagents should be stored in special counters, and kept in double locks.

6.The use of reagents should be recorded, and the receipt of highly toxic reagents should be signed by the person in charge of the laboratory.

7.The prepared reagent should be labeled, indicating the name of the reagent, the concentration, the preparation time, the expiration date and the person who prepared it.

8.Regularly check whether the reagents are expired, and the expired reagents should be disposed of in a timely manner.

9.Unless otherwise specified, the storage period of the prepared reagents should not exceed 3 months.

10.The reagents should be checked regularly to see if they are complete, and the missing reagents should be purchased in time.

11.The reference materials should be stored according to the regulations, regularly checked whether they are in good condition, and there should be corresponding records for each use, and the reference material certificates should be stored in the data cabinet.

b) 1Chemicals must be classified and stored according to their chemical properties, flammable, explosive, highly toxic, and highly corrosive products shall not be mixed, and chemicals shall be placed in special cabinets, and there shall be storage rooms for special cabinets, with cool, ventilated, moisture-proof, light-proof and other conditions; There are fire and moisture safety facilities.

2.All drugs must be clearly marked, and the labels with unclear handwriting should be replaced in a timely manner, and the expired and unlabeled drugs are not allowed to be used, and they must be properly disposed of.

3) The test reagent container should be labeled, and the name, specification and concentration of the sub-packaged drug should be indicated on the container label; Unlabeled drugs can not be littered without authorization, littered, must be chemically treated before disposal, if the laboratory is not used for a long time, should be placed in the drug storage room, unified management.

4) The container of chemicals should be closed to prevent air leakage and deliquescent. Chemicals that are easy to change when exposed to light should be packed in dark glass containers or containers protected from light, and the packaging of chemicals and the quality of drugs should be checked regularly.

5) It is necessary to strengthen the management of fire sources, and strictly prohibit fire sources around and inside the chemical storage room; The fire source of the laboratory should be kept away from flammable and explosive materials, and when there is a fire source, it should not be separated from people.

6) The procurement and transportation of dangerous goods shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the public security department and the transportation department. Highly toxic, radioactive objects and other dangerous goods should be stored separately and managed by a special person with double locks. The locker for storing highly toxic drugs should be sturdy, safe and healthy.

All strict receipt and use registration.

7) Dangerous goods should be inspected frequently to prevent accidents such as natural and spontaneous explosions caused by deterioration and deliquescent. Containers, deteriorated materials, waste residues and waste water of highly toxic substances should be properly disposed of.

8) Managers should establish all kinds of account books of chemicals (precursor drugs), after the purchase of drugs, timely acceptance, bookkeeping, timely write-off after use, grasp the consumption and inventory of drugs, and lend (give) drugs outside the ministry and lend (give) drugs for special needs, which must be signed and approved by the leadership.

The first chemicals to buy must have your own list, these chemicals are divided into categories, inorganic acids, alkalis, salts, organic hydrocarbons, ketoacids, etc., indicators, dyes and so on. Hazardous chemicals (volatile, flammable, toxic, regulatory, etc.) are classified separately. There are two types of searches on the computer, one for the main components of the molecular formula, and the other for the main component search.

Class Chinese name, common name search. The cabinet is labeled, the drugs are sorted according to the periodic table, if the reaction can occur, and there is a danger to be isolated and stored, the solid is on the top, the liquid is on the bottom, and the dangerous goods should be in a special space.

Or the cabinet lock is managed by many people and applied for registration and approval. That's it, or slowly sort out your own management methods, so that you should be very useful in the future.

First, solid reagents and liquid reagents are separated.

Solid salts such as inorganic salts, such as phosphate and acetate, should be placed at room temperature. Can be placed on a shelf on a lab bench. Special medicines, such as those that are particularly expensive, or those that are particularly toxic, are stored separately.

Additional standards or drugs or reagents that absorb moisture easily can be placed in the dryer.

Liquid reagents. It is generally stored in the dark. As can be seen from the packaging, the liquid that is generally protected from light is a brown bottle.

These are best kept inside the lab cabinet and away from light. For example, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and so on. There are also inorganic acids and bases, such as hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

In addition, unstable liquids such as hydrogen peroxide are highly reducible, so it is best to store them in the freezer at low temperatures. If you don't have the conditions, at least keep it out of the dark and in a cool place.

0。The preheating of the balance is generally 30min

1.The leveling of the balance, the pallet balance is to adjust the pointer, and the electronic balance is to adjust the bubbles.

2。Correction of weights. Use a balance around the maximum range of the balance to calibrate the balance. At the same time, the zero point is corrected.

3。Weighing. The weighing of items in the chemical laboratory should not allow the drug to touch the tray of the balance directly, and the weighing paper can be used to weigh it, but pay attention to the peeling.

4。When weighing, add a small amount when approaching the required weight, hold the medicine spoon in one hand, and gently pat the wrist holding the medicine spoon with the other hand, so that the medicine is added in a small amount until the end, if there is too much medicine, do not put it back into the reagent bottle.

5。Readings, you have to wait for the readings to stabilize before reading, because sometimes the balance will have a reaction time, and you can't be too anxious.

6。Shutdown. Everything needs to be put back in place and cleaned, the balance should not be moved, the tray should not be pressed too hard, and the cover should be closed.

Pallet balances are usually used.

If high precision is required, an electronic balance is used.

Chemicals in the laboratory need to be placed in brown bottles: substances that are easy to photodecompose, volatile, sublimate or react, such as ammonia, and halogens are basically the same.

For example: agno3; concentrated Hno3; chlorinated water; Hydrogen peroxide; kmno4；dilute and concentrated nitric acid; , bromine water, iodine water, silver ammonia solution; Silver nitrate solution.

There are also a lot of organic matter (basically organic matter), such as chloroform (CHCL3), which is highly toxic when decomposed by light, and AGX (silver halide) is also easy to decompose. In fact, many drugs in the laboratory are in brown bottles, because there are many drugs that decompose slowly and are not good. Nitric acid, solid iodine, silver nitrate, low temperature protected from light brown bottle.

Liquid bromide ammonia is volatile and should be sealed when stored in a cool manner. White phosphorus needs cold water, potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, kerosene, alkali bottles need rubber stoppers, and plastic lead stores hydrogen fluoride. The perishable medicine has a short discharge time, and is flammable and explosive to avoid ignition sources.

Desiccant in the laboratory, wax seal preservation heart calmly.

Sunlight is also prompting many substances to undergo chemical reactions. Under sunlight, the cloth fades (oxidation reaction), the photographic film becomes photosensitive (decomposition reaction), the water and carbon dioxide in the green leaves become glucose (photosynthesis), and white phosphorus becomes red phosphorus (isomerization reaction), ,...And as soon as the sun sets and night falls, all these reactions are no longer carried out. Obviously, light plays a very important role in chemical reactions.

Because light is a type of energy, it is able to excite the molecules of matter, causing them to undergo chemical reactions. Albert Einstein said, "A photon can cause a molecule to react".

Many chemical reactions are inseparable from light. In other places, however, people hate sunlight because it causes many substances to decompose. Just as people need sunlight when taking pictures, they hate sunlight when they preserve film – wrapping the film tightly in black paper and tin boxes to keep the sunlight "out of the door."

In the laboratory, many chemicals are always in brown, green or dark blue bottles, which is why they are used. In this way, sunlight is weakened or blocked, so that chemicals are not easy to decompose and deteriorate, and people can store them for a long time.

Chemical reagents in laboratories are generally divided into solid and liquid. The glass container used to hold the solid reagent is a jar. The glass container used to hold the liquid reagent is a fine-mouthed bottle.

Jars are available in clear and brown bottles, with the brown bottle being used for reagents that need to be protected from light (e.g., silver nitrate). Jars are generally used to store reagents, and the inside of the mouth is frosted for use with the stopper.

Thin bottles are available in clear and brown bottles, and the brown bottle is used to hold reagents that need to be stored in the dark. Fine-mouthed bottles are generally used to store reagents, and the inside of the mouth is frosted for use with the stopper.

Experimental drugs are generally stored in a closed manner, and some drugs with special properties will be stored under special measures. In the laboratory, dangerous goods are generally stored only in small quantities for use in recent experiments. Please note that the medicine bottle should be opened as soon as it is used, and the bottle should be corked in time after use, so as not to affect the quality of the medicine.

Test tube. Balance.

Beaker. Alcohol burner.

Evaporation dish. Ironclad platform.

Erlenmeyer flasks. Burning spoon.

Tweezers. Crucible.

Crucible pliers. Incendiary spoon.

Test tube clamps. Iron frame.

Glass rods. Funnel.

Gas collection cylinders. Flask.

Catheter. Graduated cylinder.

Glue tip dropper. Ground glass tablet medicine spoon.

Asbestos nets. Flume.

Drug: Hydrogen peroxide.

Alcohol. Copper sulphate solution.

Potassium permanganate. Potassium chlorate. Sulfur. Carbon.

White phosphorus. Red phosphorus.

Phenolphthalein. Manganese dioxide.

Zinc. Limewater.

The storage of substances in the laboratory is stored according to the category, sulfuric acid belongs to acids, so after the experiment, sulfuric acid should be placed in the place of acidic substances, that is, at B, so choose B