The principle of thunder, what is the principle of thunder

The principle of thunder:

1. The principle of thunder is that when it rains, some clouds in the sky have positive poles and some negative poles. When two clouds collide, lightning is emitted, and at the same time, a lot of heat is released, which heats and expands the surrounding air. The air that is heated and expanded in an instant will push the surrounding air, causing a strong **-type vibration, which is thunder.

2. Thunder and lightning are the discharge phenomena in thunderstorm clouds. The formation of thunderstorm clouds generally requires two conditions, sufficient water vapor and violent convective movements. In winter, due to the cold and dry air and weak solar radiation, convection is not easy to form in the air, so thunder and lightning are rare.

However, sometimes thunderclouds are formed in winter when the temperature is high, and thunder and lightning are generated, and rain and snow occur. Convection is particularly strong and can also form hail, which can produce the so-called "winter thunder". Knowing these reasons, it is not surprising that "winter thunder" strikes.

The principle of thunder:

1. Thunder is a kind of discharge.

For example, when the weather changes greatly, the air will become very unstable, and it is prone to strong upward convective movements, thus forming cumulonimbus clouds, which have a lot of active water vapor in them, and static electricity will be generated when they are constantly moving up and down.

2. After the formation of static electricity, the upper end of the cloud will gather positive charges, and the lower end will gather negative charges, but the ground is also negatively charged, when the voltage difference between the negative charge at the lower end of the cloud and the negative charge on the ground is very large, it will break through the air, so that the air expands in an instant, heats up and glows, and the light emitted is lightning, and the huge sound of expansion is thunder.

In the thunderstorm, we must pay attention to safety, it is strictly forbidden to stay on the top of the mountain or high hills, not to take shelter under big trees, near telephone poles, and also pay attention to the use of electrical appliances at home, it is best to turn off indoor televisions, tape recorders, stereos, air conditioners and other electrical appliances.

How thunder is formed, come in and tell you.

Thunderstorms are caused by strong convection of warm and moist air in local places, and the sharp rise of warm air produces violent vibrations of cumulonimbus clouds, which accumulate a large amount of electric charge and produce thunder.

Causes of lightning:

This is generally the case when charged clouds discharge to the earth, where the clouds are high potential in the positive charge region and the earth is low in the negative charge region. Air is originally non-conductive, but under the action of a strong electric field force, the outermost electrons of the gas nucleus will be excited by the electric field force to produce a transition and form charged ions.

The atom that gains electrons is called a negative ion, and the atom that loses an electron is called a positive ion. Under the action of the electric field force, charged ions can form a flow of electrons.

Features:

The main form of lightning strikes is lightning. When lightning occurs, it usually produces an electric charge, with the bottom layer being yin electricity, the top layer being yang electricity, and also generating a positive charge on the ground, which follows the clouds like a shadow. The yang and yin charges attract each other, but air is not a good conductor.

Yang electricity rushes to the top of trees, hills, tall buildings, and even the human body, trying to meet the clouds with yin electricity; The catacles of the cathode branch extend downward, and the further down they reach, the closer they get to the ground.

Finally, the yin and yang charges finally overcame the barrier of air and connected. A huge electric current surged from the ground to the clouds along a conductive airway, producing a bright and dazzling flash. A bolt of lightning may be only a few thousand meters long, but it can be hundreds of kilometers long.

The formation of lightning strikes

A part of the charged cloud and another part of the charge of the cloud, or the rapid discharge of the charged cloud to the earth. This rapid discharge process produces intense lightning accompanied by a loud sound. This is what we see with lightning and thunder.

Of course, the discharge between the clouds is mainly harmful to the aircraft, and has no great impact on the buildings on the ground, and on people and animals, while the discharge of the clouds on the earth is very harmful to buildings, electronic and electrical equipment, and people and animals.

In general, there are three main forms of lightning strikes: one is the rapid discharge between the charged clouds and a certain point on the earth, which is called"Direct lightning strike"。The second is that the charged cloud layer is charged with a heterogeneous charge in a certain area of the ground due to electrostatic induction.

When direct lightning occurs, the cloud charge disappears quickly, and some areas of the ground due to the large dispersion resistance, resulting in local high voltage, or due to the direct lightning discharge process, the strong pulse current to the surrounding wires or metal objects to produce electromagnetic induction of high voltage resulting in lightning strikes, is called"Secondary thunder"Or called"Induction Thunder"。The third is:"Spherical mines"。

The reason why lightning is seen first and then thunder is heard is because in the air, light travels fast and reaches the ground quickly, while sound travels slowly in the air and reaches the earth after a while. So you will hear the lightning first and then hear the thunder.

In fact, lightning and thunder appear at the same time. The reason for such a difference in the time it takes to reach the ground is that light travels 3,000,000 kilometers per second, while sound travels only one kilometer in the air. The speed of sound is only one-900,000th the speed of light.

The principle of lightning involves the distribution of electric charges in the atmosphere and the movement of electric charges. The phenomenon of lightning usually occurs in thunderstorms, and here are the basic principles of thundering:

Cloud charge distribution: Thunderstorm clouds contain a large number of water vapor traps and ice crystals, and these tiny water droplets and ice particles rise and fall in the clouds, causing the charges to separate through collision and friction. Typically, the bottom of the cloud has a negative charge and the top of the cloud has a positive charge, creating a difference in charge distribution.

Charge separation: In thunderclouds, when water droplets and ice particles collide, negatively charged electrons are knocked away from atoms or molecules, causing these small particles to have a negative charge and other areas of the cloud to leave a positive charge.

Intra-cloud electric field: An electric field is formed within the cloud due to the separation of charges. With a positive charge at the top of the cloud and a negative charge at the bottom, this electric field is very strong, usually between thousands of volts and millions of volts.

Electric shock and lightning discharge: When the electric field is strong enough, it causes the gas molecules in the air to ionize, forming a conductive and trimicellian channel, which is known as the lightning channel. When this channel connects the cloud base and the ground (or the cloud base and other clouds), a lightning discharge occurs.

The charge will move rapidly along the channel, releasing a large amount of energy, creating a strong arc and lightning. This is what we usually see as lightning, accompanied by a loud sound, that is, thunder.

In summary, the lightning phenomenon is a process in which a strong electric field forms in the cloud due to the uneven distribution of charges in the thunderstorm cloud, which eventually produces lightning discharge. The energy generated by this discharge process is very large, leading to the appearance of lightning and thunder.

Thunder occurs when positively charged and negatively charged clouds collide with the aftermath of the air, which produces electrical discharge. The high pressure of this discharge phenomenon is very high, and the water vapor in the surrounding air will be evaporated instantaneously, and then continue to heat and blast. This gives rise to the sound of thunder.

It's like a Zen shirt air cannon.