What are the structural features of the eustachian tube in children?

Preventing infection of the outer and middle ear There is a thin tube in the middle ear cavity that leads to the nasopharynx called the Eustachian tube, and the Eustachian tube in children is short, wide, and straight, and in a horizontal position.

The main physiology of the Eustachian tube are: 1. Maintain the balance of pressure inside and outside the middle ear, 2. Drain the secretions of the middle ear, 3. Prevent retrograde infection, 4. The role of sound blocking and sound elimination. As a result, when the Eustachian tube is blocked, these functions become dysfunctional, and the following symptoms occur.

The main symptoms of Eustachian tube obstruction are a feeling of fullness in the ear, hearing loss, loud self-talk, and low-pitched tinnitus, ,..9377

The eustachian tube, also known as the Euclidean tube, has a very important dark passage in the upper part of the anterior wall of the tympanic chamber of the ear. One end of it enters the tympanic cavity from the anterior wall and the other end enters the nasopharynx, which is the passage between the tympanic chamber and the nasopharynx, so it is called the eustachian tube. The eustachian tube mucosa is in tandem with the tympanic mucosa of the nasopharynx and consists of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells with a considerable number of secretory cells.

The fluid secreted by these cells maintains proper Eustachian tube tension so that it is not completely open, but can be opened occasionally when the mouth is opened, swallowed, yawning, or chewing, thereby maintaining a balance of pressure inside and outside the tympanic chamber. When the Eustachian tube has persistent dysfunction, the pressure on the inside of the eardrum is lower than the pressure outside, and the serum in the capillaries in the middle ear cavity will seep into the middle ear cavity, forming a middle ear effusion, which is called secretory otitis media. If not timely**, a series of pathophysiological changes such as fibrosis may occur, causing the fluid that originally exuded to the middle ear to become more and more viscous, and eventually wrap around the ossicle bone of the middle ear, which is medically called tympanosclerosis, making it unable to perform the function of vibration, and hearing will gradually decline.

If it is combined with bacterial infection, such as purulent otitis media, it will make matters worse, and even lead to serious lesions such as tympanic membrane perforation and osteonecrosis of the ossicle. Satisfied.

The Eustachian tube, as the name suggests, is a section of the lumen that connects the pharyngeal cavity to the tympanic cavity. Our middle ear is like a room, and the eardrum is what it is. In this way, the tympanum needs a way to communicate with the outside environment in this room.

The Eustachian tube is responsible for such a function. The Eustachian tube has two orifices, one is called the pharyngeal opening, which opens in the nasopharynx; The other is called the tympanic orifice, which opens in the anterior upper wall of the tympanic chamber. Due to the presence of the eustachian tube, the middle ear cavity contains an appropriate volume of air, and the presence of these air ensures the balance of air pressure on both sides of the inner and outer sides of the tympanic membrane, so that the tympanic membrane can move normally, and at the same time ensures that the three ossicles in the middle ear cavity have enough space to move.

However, because the eustachian tube is the only way for the middle ear to communicate with the outside world, most of the bacteria that cause otitis media often enter the middle ear from the nose or nasopharynx through the eustachian tube. Speaking of which, we can understand the main function of the Eustachian tube. Once the Eustachian tube is blocked to varying degrees, it is easy to cause changes in the air volume and pressure in the middle ear cavity, resulting in corresponding clinical symptoms.

But when we fly on an airplane, some people feel stuffy and even sore in their ears when the plane takes off and lands. The reason for this phenomenon is that the air pressure outside the plane will change significantly when taking off or landing, and when the Eustachian tube function is not good, it cannot adjust the air pressure in the middle ear cavity in time, thus causing the above symptoms.

What are the functions of the eustachian tubes? The first eustachian tube maintains a balance of pressure inside and outside the middle ear. Second, it drains middle ear secretions. First, prevent retrograde ** infection. Fourth, it has the effect of sound blocking and silencing.

The tympanum is not completely enclosed, it communicates with the outside world through a "secret passage".

This secret passage is the Eustachian tube, and its opening in the tympanic chamber is called the tympanic orifice. Entering through the tympanic orifice, the passage is mainly made of bone, and the passage is obliquely downward and tapering, until the inner diameter of the isthmus is only one or two millimeters, which is the narrowest place. Moving forward, it gradually opened up, and the "building materials" were changed to cartilage-based.

The end of the passage is in the nasopharynx.

The entire channel is about 35 mm long. The difference in height between the upper and lower passages is 15 to 25 mm, so that the fluid in the nasopharynx is not easily "upstream" into the middle ear.

The main function of the Eustachian tube is to regulate the pressure in the tympanic chamber, and it also has the function of draining secretions from the tympanic chamber. The eustachian tube near the tympanic segment is often open; The Eustachian tube in the pronasopharyngeal segment may shrink or enlarge, is usually closed, and opens only when swallowing, yawning, singing, or blowing the nose vigorously.

Problem analysis: The eustachian tube of infants and young children is soft and short, the lumen is wider, the position is relatively horizontal, and the nasopharyngeal opening and the tympanic opening are almost at the same level.

Suggestions: The stenosis is not obvious, there is no inclination, and this situation is good for otitis media secondary to upper respiratory tract infection.

The pediatric Eustachian tube is characterized by a nuclear plexus ().

a.Slender and elongated.

b.Slender and shorter.

c.Thicker and longer.

d.Diagonally inward.

e.The stubby and short changed the front and the horizontal position Zheng disappeared.

Correct answer: e