2019 has passed, do you remember those big events in space exploration?

Today I'm going to write a New Year's Eve article, this article starts in 2019 and ends in 2020, I wish you all a happy new year. In 2019, there are many space exploration events worthy of our commemoration, breakthroughs in the field of spaceflight, and astronomical observations, etc., to name a few.

The farthest celestial body ever detected by humans.

When we describe distance, we like to use the idiom "the end of the earth", and it just so happens that there is one of the celestial bodies in the solar system called "the end of the world", which is an asteroid located in the Kuiper Belt, 6.4 billion kilometers away from us. The New Horizons probe flew by the asteroid up close on January 1, 2019, and photographed its **. The asteroid was first discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope, and in November of this year, NASA officially named it "Arrokoth" under the designation 2014 MU69.

The first soft landing on the back of the moon.

When it comes to the moon, human beings still know a lot about it, and the time when humans began to look up at the moon is impossible to trace, but the field exploration of the moon began in the middle of the last century, and in 1969, Apollo 11 successfully landed on the front side of the moon, and Armstrong left the first footprint of human beings on the surface of the moon, which is also the farthest footprint of human civilization so far. The former Soviet Union and the United States have carried out a lot of exploration work on the moon in the last century.

On January 3, 2019, China's Chang'e-4 probe successfully landed safely and softly in the Von Kármán impact crater in the Aitken Basin in the South Pole region of the far side of the Moon, which is the first time that humans have launched a probe to the far side of the Moon. Chang'e-4 and Yutu-2 are still on mission.

Lift the veil on the black hole.

Black hole is a special kind of celestial body studied by Einstein's general theory of relativity, and there is a special solution to the field equation of general relativity to support its existence, but due to its nature, we cannot directly observe the existence of black holes, and can only indirectly prove the existence of black holes through some phenomena.

The first black hole in human history** is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Virgo elliptical galaxy M87, 6.5 billion times more massive than the Sun, and 55 million light-years from Earth.

Mine on an asteroid and return.

Japan's Hayabusa2 asteroid probe has collected samples from the Ryugu asteroid and is now on its way home, with samples expected to be brought back to Earth by the end of 2020.

Finally, China's high-thrust launch vehicle debuted.

At 20:45 on December 27, China's Long March 5 Yao-3 rocket successfully proved from the Wenchang launch site that the success of the Long March 5 has laid a solid foundation for space exploration in the next few years. China needs it for retrieving samples from the moon, it needs it for China's Mars exploration this year, and it also needs it for the launch and assembly of an autonomous space station.

Wen Duruo, **** network invasion and deletion.

The earliest major events of space exploration can be traced back to the landing of human beings on the moon, and the Apollo moon landing caused a sensation in the world, and the landing of our national Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft on the moon was also a sensation in China.

The year 2019 naturally impressed me the most was the discovery of an asteroid in the Kuiper Belt 6.4 billion kilometers away from us. It is also the farthest astral object ever discovered.

Japan has set off on an asteroid, and they plan to bring back some stones from an asteroid. So now that it's coming back, that's a really big achievement, and it's going to be a big boost.

In 2019, China opened Chang'e-4 and Yufu-2, and China entered the era of exploring the mysteries of the universe in that year, and Japan also went to an asteroid to bring back the stones from the planet, which should also be regarded as an achievement.

At 14:01 on May 5, 2022, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Heca, China, the Long March-2C carrier rocket ignited and lifted off, successfully sending 6 satellites and 1 Xuanming Xingyuan micro-nano satellite of Galaxy Aerospace 02 into the scheduled orbit. Galaxy Aerospace 02 batch of 6 satellites are mainly used for in-orbit verification of multi-satellite joint work, constellation networking layout, and communication-remote sensing integration technology. The Xuan Ming Star Wish Satellite is a 6U remote sensing cube star.

At 15:09 on 17 July, the Long March-4C carrier rocket ignited and took off from China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and then sent the Remote Sensing 34-02 satellite into the predetermined orbit, and the launch was a complete success. The remote sensing 34-02 satellite and the remote sensing 34-01 satellite and its follow-up satellites in orbit form a network operation state, which is mainly used in the fields of land census, urban planning, land rights confirmation, road network design, crop yield estimation and disaster prevention and mitigation, etc., to meet the needs of rapid revisit of earth observation, and to provide information guarantee for the construction of the "Belt and Road". This launch is the 411th launch of the Long March series of carrier rockets At 15:44 on March 23, the second lesson of the "Tiangong Classroom" was held on the Chinese space station, and the "space teachers" Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu gave another wonderful space science popularization class.

In the lecture of about 45 minutes, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu cooperated with each other to vividly demonstrate the space "ice and snow" experiment, liquid bridge demonstration experiment, water-oil separation experiment, and space parabolic experiment in the microgravity environment, and explained the scientific principles behind the experimental phenomena in simple terms. At the same time, some space science facilities were displayed, and the work and life on the space station were introduced. At 17:50 on the 29th of the month, at the new launch station of the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, China's new carrier rocket Long March 6 was ignited and took off for the first time.

At 10:29 on March 30, at China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the Long March 11 carrier rocket lifted the Tianping-2 A, B, and C satellites to ignite and take off, and then the satellite successfully entered the predetermined orbit, and the launch mission was a complete success At 18:40 on March 31, the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft made a controlled re-entry into the atmosphere. Most of the spacecraft's components were destroyed by ablation, and a small amount of wreckage fell into the predetermined safe sea area of the South Pacific Ocean in the Trembling Shed.

On October 18, 2019, NASA astronauts Christina Koch and Jessica Meyer made history with their first all-female spacewalk. While women have been doing spacewalks since 1984, this is the first time the two women have done a spacewalk together. The two installed batteries on the outside of the space station.

In early 2019, astronaut Koch received the exciting news early in her mission that her stay on the space station would be extended to nearly a year for 326 days, the longest single space flight ever made by a woman. She will return to Earth in February 2020. The main reason for the adjustment of the flight schedule was the lack of seats, which the Russian space agency sold to Hazzaa Ali Almansoori, the first astronaut of the United Arab Emirates.

A look back at what happened in space in 2019.

The central area of NGC 1266. Jets from black holes create turbulence in the surrounding molecular clouds, preventing new stars from being born in an area that would otherwise be ideal for star formation. ****：

b. saxton (nrao/aui/nsf)

High-energy jets powered by supermassive black holes can dissipate the raw materials in galaxies that can form stars, leaving the galaxy in which it is located dead — only the old red stars are still shining, but there is little hydrogen to produce new stars. Now, using the large Atacama millimeter submillimeter array (ALMA) in Chile, astronomers have discovered that black holes don't need to be so powerful to suppress the formation of stars around them.

NGC 1266 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Pojiang, about 100 million light-years away. Lenticular galaxies are similar to spiral galaxies, but there is little interstellar gas for new stars to be born. At the center of NGC 1266 is a supermassive black hole that is not too large.

By observing the dust and gas at the center of the galaxy, astronomers have discovered a "perfect storm" that has forced the "factory" to shut down the star-making "factory" that was supposed to be in perfect conditions. What provoked this "storm" was the turbulence created by the jet from the black hole at the center of the galaxy that crashed into the relatively dense gas envelope.

Katherine Alatalo, an astronomer at the Center for Infrared Processing and Analysis at the California Institute of Technology, said, "It's like an unstoppable force encountering an immovable object, and the particles in these jets meet so strong resistance when they hit the dense gas around them that they almost stop moving forward altogether." "Such a violent collision created strong turbulence in the surrounding gas, disrupting the initial critical phase of star formation.

Previous observations of NGC 1266 by astronomers have revealed that a large amount of gas is moving outward from the center of the galaxy at a speed of 400 kilometers per second. Alatalo and colleagues estimate that the power of these gas outflows is equivalent to the simultaneous supernova of 10,000 stars**. These jets, while enough to stir up these gases, are not enough to speed them up to the speed needed to escape the entire galaxy.

Mark Lacy, an astronomer at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the United States, said, "To put it another way, these jets inject turbulence into the gas, so they can't calm down and have no chance of collapsing to form stars." ”