Why did Britain invade China? What was the root cause of the British aggression against China

Britain is in the process of completing the bourgeois revolution and the first industrial revolution.

Since then, the productive forces have been greatly developed. At this stage, the problems faced by the imperialist countries were all problems of production capacity and market, and at that time, the only huge untapped market in the world was the Chinese Empire in the East.

At that time, China was still practicing the national policy of closing the country to the outside world, and there was not much demand for foreign goods. On the contrary, the British needed to pay a large amount of Chinese ** in order to buy Chinese porcelain, silk and tea, so the British despicably earned China's ** by smuggling opium. When clear**.

After the ban on smoking began, the road was blocked. As a result, the only way to blast open the door of China was to use artillery, and Chiang Kai-shek's market in China was his own.

It is the nature of colonialism to colonize China and plunder wealth and resources.

After the world is divided, there is only China left, don't do who you do, and the ** is backward, the ruler is stupid and the people, such a good situation, I can't talk about it.

Because from the perspective of economic development, capitalist development needs market demand to support, and at that time, Britain, as one of the countries where the industrial revolution was carried out earlier, its productivity was already relatively advanced, and its own market could not meet the requirements of increasing productivity, so it was necessary to open up overseas markets, and the development of India was a typical example.

The direct political reason for the attack on China was because of China's restrictions on opium at that time, and we had the impression that China's anti-smoking campaign was relatively mild, but in fact this was not the case, and the foreigners who sold tobacco at that time were more harsh and even cruel, which would inevitably affect the top level among them.

In addition, from the overall perspective of the economies of the two countries, China maintains a high level of output, which is why opium is so important to them.

1. The fundamental reason for Britain's modern invasion of China is that Britain is the first industrialized country in the world. Britain tried to open up the Chinese market, dump products, plunder raw materials, and turn China into a colony.

2. Introduction. Cause: China and the United Kingdom, China has always been in a surpassing position! The British were dissatisfied, so they imported opium, and then Lin Zexu banned smoking, and karma found an excuse to launch the Opium War!

Experience: When the British army arrived in Guangdong, they saw that Lin Zexu was waiting for a stern battle, so they went north along the coast and arrived in Tianjin, where the governor of Tianjin, Qi Shan, negotiated with the British army and promised the British army to withdraw, and the Qing Dynasty punished Lin Zexu! In 1846, the British army reached the Xiaguan River in Nanjing, the Qing army sued for peace, and the Opium War ended!

Result: The Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Nanjing, the first unequal treaty in the modern history of China.

After Britain completed the Industrial Revolution, it needed a vast market as an export place for goods, and the Qing Dynasty just met this condition and became a dumping ground for Britain's vast number of goods. However, the surplus of Guangzhou in the eighteenth century was heavily biased towards the Chinese side, because luxury goods such as tea, silk, and porcelain produced by the Qing Dynasty were very popular in the European market, while British merchants brought in Western manufactured goods that were not in demand for the Chinese. Western merchants came to buy tea, raw silk, rhubarb, and other goods with gold and silver.

East India Company ships bound for China were often loaded with 90 percent – sometimes as much as 98 per cent – of the cargo, and only 10 percent of the cargo was commodity. In the 18th century, Britain began to implement the gold standard monetary policy, and the Qing Dynasty used ** as currency, because all ** with the Qing Dynasty needed to be converted into silver, so that Britain needed to buy ** from the European continent for ** purposes, gold and silver were bought and sold, and British profits were greatly damaged. In terms of tax rates, the Qing Dynasty required a 20% tax rate on British imports, and due to the corruption and greed of the customs bureaucracy, there were many unpredictable costs in addition to the tax rate.

These various business environments with Chinese characteristics are unbearable for the British businessmen who have traveled from far and wide with great hardship.

Plunder wealth.

If you fall behind, you will be beaten.

Their ambition is an empire on which the sun never sets.

The invasion of China was in 1840, which is relatively late. You should ask "which countries were invaded". United States, Canada, Australia, South Asian subcontinent (including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh), some parts of Africa.

The Empire on which the Sun Never Sets" is practiced.

India, which colonized India, established the East India Company, which it used to smuggle opium to China.

At various times, Britain invaded almost 90% of the countries on the planet. The history of about 200 countries in the world, and determine which countries were invaded by the British based on historical sources. Only 22 countries are not touched by the UK.

The countries that survived the British Empire's massive expansion were often far from the British mainland, such as the Marshall Islands in the Pacific, but there were also "nests" like Luxembourg.

The 22 countries that Britain did not invade during the Empire were: Andorra, Belarus, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Sweden, and the Vatican in Europe, Bolivia, Guatemala, and Paraguay in Latin America, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe in Africa, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia in Asia, and the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean.

That's a lot, colonized countries or regions have been invaded, and the history of Britain from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution is clearer.

The British empire that never sets the sun spreads from the British Isles to The Gambia, Newfoundland, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Malaya, Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, India, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, Malta, and countless islands, with the territory of the British Empire in 24 time zones on the planet.

We often hear that Britain is a "empire on which the sun never sets", because in its long history, Britain invaded almost all countries in the world, and only 22 countries were spared.

Andorra Andorra.

belarus Belarus.

Bolivia, Bolivia.

Burundi Burundi.

Central African Republic, Chad.

Congo, Republic of Congo Guatemala.

Ivory Coast Côte d'Ivoire.

Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan.

Liechtenstein Liechtenstein.

luxembourg.

Mali Mali.

Marshall Islands: Monaco, Marshall Islands.

Mongolia.

paraguay Paraguay.

Sao Tome and Principe Sweden.

Tajikistan.

uzbekistan Uzbekistan.

Vatican City.

Alas, to digress a little, if it weren't for the fact that Greater China has always been a country of etiquette, how could there be modern Chinese history!!

India, Afghanistan, Myanmar, China, Singapore, Egypt, Canada, the United States, Australia, South Africa, and a few other island nations.

Now the Commonwealth countries, there are others.

There are a total of 56 countries that were once colonized by the British, and 2 regions (the current name of the country):

Oceania 14: Australia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Nauru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Barbados, Kiribati

Africa 21: South Africa, Nigeria, Cameroon, Lesotho, Botswana, Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Zambia, Uganda, Tonga Seychelles, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Gambia.

8 in the Americas: Canada, Belize, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Grenada, Bahamas, Antigua and Barbuda

10 in Asia: India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Brunei, Democratic Yemen

3 in Europe: Ireland, Cyprus, Malta

Region 2: Part of the United States (referring to New York State and its surroundings), Hong Kong, China

In order to open up new overseas markets, dumping goods in large quantities, creating huge profits, and accumulating a large amount of capital are the fundamental reasons.

The direct cause was that China's Humen cigarette sales infringed on British interests.

Open up the Chinese market, turn China into a British raw material source and sales market, and plunder China's wealth.

Open the Chinese market and make China its source of raw materials. Expand its power.

Open Britain's overseas markets and plunder raw materials. In the end, it is profit, economic interest. War is a continuation of politics, and the ultimate purpose of political struggle is to obtain greater economic benefits.

China's market potential is huge, resources are abundant, and labor is very cheap, at that time China was politically corrupt, military backward, for money, Britain directly invaded China. At the end of the day, it's money.

The plundering of the colonies turned China into a source and market for British raw materials.

Britain is a capitalist country, it needs a market, a global market, it can profit from the circulation of goods, capital.

If China is closed to itself and does not have great dealings with you, its purpose will not be achieved. Therefore, China was forced to open the door by force, and through the form of treaties, China was drawn into the capitalist global market, turning China into the source of raw materials and a market for dumped goods, and profiting from it.

In addition, perception is also a reason. After the Industrial Revolution, Westerners thought that they were politically economic, cultural, and religious superior, so it was natural for them to change other nations and countries.

Access to a larger market and profits.

At that time, China exported tea, porcelain, and silk to Britain, and Britain did not have large quantities of goods exported to China, in order to prevent the economic difficulties caused by the continuous outflow of ** to China, Britain exported opium to China.

But when China shut down the opium market, Britain resorted to force to defend its interests. Therefore, war is, to put it bluntly, a conflict of interests. Get cheaper goods from you and sell more expensive goods.

In the 40s of the 19th century, Western capitalist countries were thriving with the majestic wind of the industrial revolution. In order to expand the commodity market and compete for the origin of raw materials, the European and American powers stepped up their activities of conquering colonies, and China's neighboring countries and neighboring regions successively became their colonies or spheres of influence. As a country with a vast territory and the enslavement education of ancient feudal Confucianism, China naturally became a new target of colonialist aggression and expansion.

After Britain completed the industrial revolution, it needed a vast market as an export place for goods, and China just met this condition and could become a dumping ground for a large number of British goods. Since luxury goods such as tea, silk, and porcelain produced in China are very popular in the European market, the British want China to open up**. However, the wool, woolen and other industrial products exported by Britain are not favored in China, and the Qianlong Emperor even thought that China lacked nothing and there was no need to carry out ** with the British, which made China and Britain ** bring a huge ** deficit (into the super) for the UK.

In the 18th century, Britain began to implement a gold standard monetary policy, and the Qing court used silver as currency. In terms of tax rates, China needs to take a high tax rate of 20 percent on British imports, which makes Britain very dissatisfied.

China, India, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain (Gibraltar).

In 1688, he established "slave hunting stations" in the Gambia and other places in Africa. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Britain completely conquered Burma and Malaya, seizing the Dutch colony of South Africa. In Oceania, the British occupied many islands and invaded New Zealand, incorporating them all into the British Empire.

1.The Qing Dynasty opened Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai as treaty ports, allowed British consuls to be stationed, and allowed British businessmen and their families to live freely.

2.Cutting the land. Hong Kong Island was ceded to the British and British troops withdrew from Nanjing, Dinghai and other rivers and islands.

Guangdong, Fujian, etc. In the Treaty of Nanjing, China ceded Hong Kong to the British.

It was easy to conquer, but difficult to rule, and many colonies were not British territory, nor were they English nations. It is not completely controllable by the British, and there is one thing that the British and the Japanese are very similar, that is, the human heart is not enough to swallow the elephant. He will not operate steadily, like Russia, and in 500 years become the largest country in the world in terms of territory.

It's too greedy, thinks too much of the benefits, and is too eager to get things done. So even if you have a lot of colonies, it's just a façade. It cannot be used such as hands, feet, and arms.

His rule or control was unpopular and contradictory, and many colonies later became independent. There are two ways for the British to colonize, one is similar to China, using a few war thunder means to make an example, forcing local forces to sign unequal treaties, called semi-colonies. The other is that the local, administrative or ** capacity is extremely weak, and some are even only primitive societies or very small states, through immigration and the establishment of armed strongholds.

The place has been ruled with advanced ** oppression. The national question is very acute. And even if it is a local immigration, Britain is more self-governing or sub-feudal system, and the power is not strong, just like North America.

At the same time, the English nation does not have any advantage in terms of population, if the British invade China in an all-out way, it will be easy to attack the city and difficult to defend, then there will be tens of millions of people, and the troops that can be collected will only be a few million, and then distributed to other colonies, less than one million can really be concentrated in China, and it will be 400,000 to die, while China alone has more than 1,500 county-level administrative districts. There are more than 100,000 villages, towns and cities, and the total population is initially 40,000! Without the support of the local people, it would really have to drown in the vast sea of people's war, and the gains would certainly outweigh the losses.