How is a typhoon named? How are plum blossoms named?

Since 2000, the naming of typhoons has been the responsibility of the Typhoon Committee of the International Meteorological Organization. At present, the names of typhoons in the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea are divided into five groups by 10 names provided by each of the 14 members of the Typhoon Committee (China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc.).

The actual naming was entrusted to the Japan Meteorological Agency (Tokyo Regional Specialized Meteorological Center) in the region. Whenever the Japan Meteorological Agency determines a tropical cyclone over the Northwest Pacific Ocean or the South China Sea as a tropical storm intensity, it is given a name according to the list and a four-digit number at the same time. The first two digits of the number are the year, and the last two digits are the order in which the tropical storm was formed in that year.

This typhoon "Meihua" is the fifth column of the naming list provided by the Macao region of China, and it is arranged in advance, and this time it is called Meihua.

There are a total of 140 names in the naming list, which are provided by 14 member countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region of the World Meteorological Organization, including Cambodia, China, North Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Macao, Malaysia, Micronesia, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam, so as to facilitate the people of all countries to prevent disasters and strengthen international and regional cooperation. Of the 140 typhoon names proposed by the 14 members, 10 were proposed by each country and region. The 10 proposed by China are:

Dragon King (later replaced by "Anemone"), Wukong, Jade Rabbit, Petrel, Wind God, Sea God, Cuckoo, Electric Mother, Seahorse, and Begonia. Interestingly, the names of typhoons in the western Pacific still rarely have the meaning of disaster in the international community, and most of them have the meaning of elegance and peace, such as jasmine, rose, pearl, lotus, colored clouds, etc., which do not seem to be in harmony with typhoon disasters. [1] If a tropical cyclone causes particularly serious damage to a member of the Typhoon Committee, the member may apply for the name used for the tropical cyclone to be removed from the nomenclature and the name used for the tropical cyclone (permanent name) for that tropical cyclone (permanent name) and for other tropical cyclones (typhoons) to cease to use that name.

In this case, a new name must be added to the naming list.

In order to avoid confusion about the names of typhoons, the 30th meeting of the Typhoon Committee of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) held in Hong Kong from November 25 to December 1, 1997 decided to standardize the naming of typhoons. The naming method is to create a naming table in advance and then reuse it in a sequential cycle year after year.

The nomenclature has a total of 140 names, which are provided by 14 member countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region to which the WMO belongs, including Cambodia, China, North Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Macao and Malaysia, and the 10 names provided by Chinese mainland are: Dragon King, Wukong, Jade Rabbit, Haiyan, Fengshen, Poseidon, Cuckoo, Electric Mother, Seahorse and Begonia.

"Meihua" is also the name of a typhoon, named by the Typhoon Commission of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The typhoon is numbered 9-7, the English name is muifa, the Chinese name is Meihua, and the name ** is Macao, China.

Typhoon Hinnamnor was preceded by Typhoon Hinnamnor, Super Typhoon Hinnamnor [9] (English: Super Typhoon Hinnamnor, International Number: 2211, Joint Typhoon Warning Center:

12W [8], Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration: Henry [22]), the 11th named storm of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season [5]. "Xuanlanuo" is a ** in Laos, which was replaced by Typhoon Luotan [1], which means Xuanlannuo National Reserve in Laos [3][4].

Typhoon "Xuanlanuo" was identified by the ** Meteorological Observatory as forming over the northwest Pacific Ocean southeast of Japan at 14:00 on August 28, 2022 [6]. It then gradually moved westwards and was upgraded to a super typhoon on 30 August with the first eyewall replacement completed on the same day [18]. From August 31 to September 1, the second eye wall replacement was completed and the tropical depression on the southern side was annexed, and the intensity peaked again [28], and the small circulation expanded to form a huge circulation [44]. It then gradually turned northward [21], during which it stagnated and weakened [31], but redeveloped as it moved north to the East China Sea and was upgraded to a super typhoon again on September 4 [68].

It then gradually turned northeastwards and swept over the southeast of South Korea, gradually weakening and degenerating into an extratropical cyclone [81], and was finally denumbered by the ** Meteorological Observatory at 20 p.m. on September 6 [91].

Typhoon Meihua is preceded by Typhoon Xuanlannuo.

Super Typhoon Hinnamnor (International Number: 2211, Joint Typhoon Warning Center:

12W, Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration: Henry), the 11th named storm of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. "Xuanlanuo" is a ** in Laos, which was replaced by Typhoon Luotan, which means Xuanlanuo National Reserve in Laos.

This year's No. 11 typhoon is called "Xuanlannuo", which is the previous typhoon of Meihua.

"Xuanlanuo" formed on the afternoon of August 28, its center at 14 o'clock, about 1420 kilometers southeast of Tokyo, Japan, the typhoon moved west-northwest at a speed of 20 25 kilometers per hour, and gradually increased in intensity.

Typhoon Meihua is preceded by Super Typhoon Xuanlannuo, which formed at 2:00 p.m. on August 28, 2022.

Typhoon "Meihua" has made landfall four times along the coast of China, and is the third typhoon to make landfall in China four times since 1949, the previous two being Typhoon No. 12 Yancy in 1990 (1 in Taiwan, 3 in Fujian) and Typhoon No. 16 "Phoenix" in 2014 (2 in Taiwan, 1 in Zhejiang, and 1 in Shanghai).

Typhoon Meihua formed due to the large amount of water vapor provided by the ocean surface, as well as a sufficiently high temperature and sufficiently large rotation of the Earth.

Three conditions must be met for the formation of Typhoon Meihua: the ocean surface is wide enough to provide a large amount of water vapor for the formation of a typhoon; Sufficiently high temperatures drive the surface of the sea to evaporate enough water vapor; a sufficiently large force of the Earth's rotation deflection to create a cyclone; Typhoon "Meihua" struck in the year of Hu Liang this year, precisely because these three conditions were met.

Typhoon Meihua, 2022, was born on September 8 in the Pacific Ocean southeast of Taiwan Island, with winds of 18 meters per second (rated as level 8) and moving towards Ningbo in the northwest. On the 9th, the wind speed reached 38 meters per second, growing into a 13-level typhoon; On the 11th, the wind speed strengthened to 42 meters per second, which was a strong typhoon of 14 degrees; The maximum wind speed of 50 meters per second on the 12th was a strong typhoon of 15 degrees, and its wind speed was equivalent to a car driving to 180 yards.

The principle of Typhoon Plum Blossom

Typhoon Meihua was born in the vast northwest Pacific Ocean, which met the first condition. The birth time is still in the middle of September, which is still in the middle of high temperatures, and the second condition is satisfied; The birth coordinates are north latitude and east longitude, because the geostrophic deflection force of the earth's equator is zero, and the polar deflection force gradually increases, so most of the typhoon sites are more than 5 degrees away from the equator, and there is enough earth's rotation deflection force to meet the third condition.

The principle of a typhoon is somewhat similar to that of a fountain, the fountain is likened to the eye of a typhoon, through which the fountain sprays the water in the pond into the air, and the water is scattered outward in the air and finally falls back into the pond, and so on.

In the summer of the North Pacific, a large amount of water vapor evaporates from the sea surface, and a large amount of water vapor near the eye of the typhoon begins to move to the upper altitude, resulting in a decrease in the sea surface pressure and an increase in the air pressure in the upper atmosphere. Due to the low sea pressure near the eye of the storm, the air flow from the outer sea surface begins to move towards the eye of the storm. The high air pressure in the eye of the storm forces the air flow to move towards the periphery of the high altitude.

As the water vapor rises, the temperature decreases and begins to condense to form a large number of clouds, and a large number of clouds and rain return to the sea in the form of rain in the process of moving outward at high altitude, and the water vapor continues to circulate.

Due to the deflection force of the Earth's rotation, the air flow at the center of the eye of the storm begins to rotate (we call it a tropical cyclone), as if the fountain of a fountain is rotating. The deflection force of the earth's rotation is like a whip whipping a spinning top, constantly whipping this tropical cyclone, the originally mild tropical cyclone begins to rotate at high speed, the wind speed is getting faster and faster, and the typhoon begins to gradually strengthen, as long as there is enough water vapor and heat**, it will become more and more intense over time.

After the typhoon makes landfall, it will begin to weaken due to the lack of water vapor, and the friction of objects on land will also weaken the wind speed, and eventually it will disappear invisibly.

Typhoon Meihua is a super typhoon.

Typhoon Meihua, international number 2212, is the 12th named storm of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season. In 2022, Typhoon "Meihua" will make landfall twice along the coasts of Zhejiang and Shanghai overnight. It has not only become the strongest typhoon to make landfall in China this year, but also the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Zhoushan and Shanghai in Zhejiang Province since 1949.

Features of Typhoon "Meihua".

1. There are many logins

Typhoon "Meihua" has made landfall four times along the coast of China, and is the third typhoon to make landfall in China four times since 1949, the previous two being Typhoon No. 12 Yancy in 1990 (1 in Taiwan, 3 in Fujian) and Typhoon No. 16 "Phoenix" in 2014 (2 in Taiwan, 1 in Zhejiang, and 1 in Shanghai). The "Plum Blossom" made four landings in different provinces (cities) for the first time since 1949. "Meihua" is also the latest typhoon to make landfall in Shandong and Liaoning since 1949.

2. Strong landing intensity

Typhoon "Meihua" made landfall in Putuo, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province with the intensity of a strong typhoon (14, 42 meters and seconds), which is the strongest typhoon to make landfall in China this year. It is also the strongest typhoon to land north of Xiangshan Port in Zhejiang in September since 1949 and the strongest typhoon to land in Zhoushan; Meihua made landfall in Fengxian, Shanghai, with an intensity of typhoon (12, 35 meters and seconds), making it the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Shanghai since 1950.

3. The gale has a wide range and a long duration

Combined with the cold air, the gale brought by Typhoon "Meihua" has a wide range of impact, high intensity and long duration. The maximum gusts in eastern Zhejiang, Shanghai, eastern Jiangsu, Shandong Peninsula, eastern Liaoning and other places are 8 10, and 12 15 in the coastal areas of Shanghai, Zhejiang and some islands and reefs, and the maximum gusts are 16 (meters and seconds) in Xugong Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang. Gale force winds above level 12 on the coastal waters of northeastern Zhejiang lasted for up to 12 hours.

4. The intensity of rainfall is high

From 12 to 17 September, 100,200 mm of rainfall fell in northern and eastern Zhejiang, Shanghai, eastern Jiangsu, Shandong Peninsula, eastern Liaoning and northern Taiwan Island, including 250,500 mm in Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan in Zhejiang, Qingdao and Yantai in Shandong, and 600,707 mm in Shangyu, Shaoxing, Shengzhou and Yuyao, Ningbo.

A total of 23 national meteorological observation stations in Zhejiang (2), Shandong (8), Liaoning (11) and Jilin (2) have exceeded the extreme value of September in terms of daily rainfall, and the daily rainfall of Fushan in Shandong Province has exceeded the historical extreme value since the establishment of the station.

Meihua is typhoon No. 12. Typhoon No. 12 "Meihua" was formed in the northwest Pacific Ocean on the morning of September 8, 2022, and maintained a strong typhoon intensity for a long time after entering the East China Sea, making landfall on the coast of Putuo, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province at 20:30 on the 14th (strong typhoon level), making a second landfall in Fengxian, Shanghai at 0:30 on the 15th (typhoon level), making three landfalls (tropical storm level) along the coast of Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province at 0:00 on the 16th, and making landfall again in Jinpu New District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province at 12:40, and then gradually weakening and degenerating into an extratropical cyclone,**The meteorological observatory stopped numbering it at 20 o'clock on the 16th.

Analysis of the impact of Typhoon MeihuaTyphoon "Meihua" caused a large number of cancellations of flights in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and other places, the suspension of some trains, and the suspension of sea voyages; Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other local crops were flooded and lodging, facility agriculture was damaged, trees were lodging, and power poles were broken. Affected by the "plum blossom", from noon on the 14th to noon on the 15th, there was a storm increase of 100 to 200 cm along the coast from Yancheng, Jiangsu Province to Jiaxing, Zhejiang; Around September 13 (the eighteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar) is the astronomical high tide period, and its superimposed effect has an adverse impact on the drainage of the above-mentioned coastal cities.

However, the rainfall brought by Typhoon "Meihua" alleviated the meteorological drought in southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, and southern Anhui in the early stage, and Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui increased water resources by 11.3 billion cubic meters, and the water level of Taihu Lake was about 11.3 billion cubic meters; In addition, PM10 concentrations in East China and PM10 have decreased significantly, and air quality has improved.