What are the dynamic characteristics of mitochondria in cells? 20

There is no guarantee that it will be true ... Mitochondria.

It is a place for aerobic respiration, which can produce capacity. Inside the cell it is elliptical. According to the eternal saying in biology, structure determines function.

Then, the number of it in the cell is related to the function of the cell, for example, the number of muscle cells is large, because muscles need to consume a lot of energy. The place where she gathers a lot in the cell must be the place that needs a lot of energy. For example, individual organelles.

and the nucleus.

Morphology and distribution of mitochondria.

Size: Mitochondria have a variety of shapes, generally linear, but also granular or **-like.

Quantity: The number of mitochondria varies greatly in different types of cells, but is relatively stable in the same type of cells. Some cells have only one mitochondria and some have several.

Ten, hundreds, or even thousands of mitochondria.

Distribution. In most cells, mitochondria are evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, but in some cells, the distribution of mitochondria is not uniform.

Mitochondria are more often distributed in areas where ATP is needed (e.g., muscle cells and sperm cells); or more concentrated in areas with more oxidation substrates, such as fat droplets, because there are many fats to be oxidized in the fat droplets.

Mode of existence. Mitochondria do not always exist individually in cells, and sometimes they form a network of several mitochondria, and some netochondria have branches that can intertwine with each other. For example, when intact hepatocytes are examined by phase contrast microscopy, it is found that mitochondria are not a single existence with mimicry, but exist in a state of intertwined networks.

Chloroplasts are unique energy converters in plant cells, chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis and store it in the organic matter of the repentant bond. Mitochondria are energy converters shared by both plant and animal cells: mitochondria release the chemical energy stored in fissile organisms through respiration for use by life activities Therefore, it is false to say that mitochondria are unique energy converters in animals

Hence the answer:

1. Mitochondria.

It is generally in the shape of a short rod or a ball, but depending on the species and physiological state of the organism, it can also be in the shape of a ring, a line, a dumbbell, a branch, a flat disk, or other shapes. Among them, shape-forming

protein) mediates mitochondria in different ways with the surrounding cytoskeleton.

2. Mitochondria are distributed in eukaryotic cells, and are mainly concentrated in the parts of cells that consume more energy, such as the Golgi apparatus of glandular cells near the muscle fibers of muscle cells.

Nearby and so on.

The mitochondria are coated by two layers of membrane, the outer membrane is smooth, the inner membrane folds inward to form a crest, there is a cavity between the two membranes, and the mitochondria** are the matrix. The matrix contains all the enzymes required for the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the inner membrane has a respiratory chain enzyme system and an ATPase complex. Mitochondria can provide a site for the life activities of the cell, and are the main site for oxidative phosphorylation and the formation of ATP in the cell"Power Plant"(power plant).

In addition, mitochondria have their own DNA and genetic system, but the mitochondrial genome has a limited number of genes, so mitochondria are only semi-autonomous organelles.

Almost all kinds of metabolic pathways are related to mitochondria, mainly including glucose metabolism tricarboxylic acid cycle, protein synthesis, fat metabolism intermediates, nucleotide metabolism, which is the hub of the transformation of sugar, lipid and protein, and participates in the regulation of cell life activities.

Summary. In the cytoplasmic matrix, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, and 4 [H]enzymes are removed at the same time; In the process of glucose decomposition, a small amount of energy is released, and part of the energy is used to synthesize ATP, producing a small amount of ATPReactive:

C6H12O6 enzyme 2 pyruvate + 4 [H] + a small amount of energy pyruvate enters the matrix of mitochondria, and the hydrogen in two molecules of pyruvate and 6 water molecules are all taken off, and a total of 20 [H] are removed, and acetone is oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide; A small amount of energy is released in this process, part of which is used to synthesize ATP, producing a small amount of energy. Reaction formula: 2 pyruvate + 6H2O enzyme 20 [H] + 6CO2 + a small amount of energy **On the inner membrane of the chondria, a total of 24 [H] taken off in the first two stages are combined with 6 O2 produced by absorption from the outside or chloroplast photosynthesis to form water; In this process, a large amount of energy is released, and part of this energy is used to synthesize ATP, producing a large amount of energy.

Reaction formula: 24[H]+6O2 enzyme 12H2O+ a lot of energy.

In the cytoplasmic matrix, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, and 4 [H]enzymes are removed at the same time; In the process of decomposition of glucose, a small amount of energy is released, and part of the energy in the pin is used to synthesize ATP, producing a small amount of ATPReaction formula: C6H12O6 enzyme 2 pyruvate + 4 [H] + a small amount of energy pyruvate enters the matrix of mitochondria, two molecules of pyruvate and hydrogen in 6 water molecules are all removed, a total of 20 [H] are removed, and acetone is oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide; In this process, a small amount of energy is released, and one of the random losses is used to synthesize ATP, producing a small amount of energy.

Reaction formula: 2 pyruvate + 6H2O enzyme 20 [H] + 6CO2 + a small amount of energy **On the inner membrane of the chondria, a total of 24 [H] taken off in the first two stages are combined with 6 O2 produced by absorption from the outside or chloroplast photosynthesis to form water; In this process, a large amount of energy is released, and part of this energy is used to synthesize ATP, producing a large amount of energy. Reactive:

24[H]+6O2 enzyme 12H2O+ a lot of energy.

Can you add, I don't quite understand it.

There are three processes that can be summarized by decomposing the above reactions.

Mitochondria are evenly distributed in the cytoplasm, and the mitochondria are diverse in morphology, including short rods, round balls, etc. The structure of mitochondria includes the matrix, inner membrane, and outer membrane, with the inner membrane folding inward into a crest.

Function: Mitochondria are the main site for cells to carry out aerobic respiration, and they are the "power workshop" of cells. About 95% of the energy required for cellular life activities comes from mitochondria. The inner mitochondrial membrane folds inward into a crest, increasing the area to which the enzyme attaches to it.

Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes, including the outer membrane, the inner membrane, the membrane interstitial space and the matrix. The content of proteins in each functional compartment in the mitochondria of hepatocytes was 67% in matrix, 21% in the inner membrane, 8% in the outer membrane, and 4% in the intermembrane space

Mitochondria, the main site of energy production for aerobic respiration.

The energy converters of plant cells are chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Mitochondria can use some of the organic matter in the cell as fuel, so that these are combined with oxygen, and through a complex process, they are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and at the same time, the chemical energy in the organic matter is released for the cell to use.

Due to the action of mitochondria, organic matter in biological tissues can be converted into inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water with the participation of oxygen, and provide biological tissues and cells with the energy or ATP needed to carry out life activities

Mitochondria are the main site for cells to carry out aerobic respiration, and they are the power workshop of cells, and about 95% of the energy required for cell life activities comes from mitochondria.