What motors are used in large machine tools, and what kind of motor is generally used in CNC machine

Ordinary lathe main motor, cooling, fast tool with three-phase asynchronous motor, CNC main motor with three-phase asynchronous or variable frequency motor with private service motor.

The spindle transmission of early CNC machine tools all adopts the structure of three-phase asynchronous motor plus multi-stage gearbox. With the continuous development of technology, the structure of the machine tool has been greatly improved, which puts forward new requirements for the spindle system, at present, more DC spindle drive system and AC spindle drive system are used, the feeding system uses stepper motor, and the tool table movement of CNC lathe mainly relies on the rotation of the lead screw, and the stepper motor is connected to the xz axis screw.

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The motor has always been regarded as the heart of the machine, so a machine must be driven by a motor in order to operate. So what are the motors used in CNC machine tools?

There should be three kinds of most used; AC servo motors, spindle motors, stepper motors. Among them, the AC servo motor is the most widely used, the spindle motor has a large power, and the speed response requirements are not as high as the AC servo motor. Stepper motors are generally used in special machinery or machinery with low requirements, mainly because of different precision, most CNC machine tools have high precision requirements, from the moment frequency characteristics, overload capacity, operation performance and speed response performance of AC servo motors have advantages over steppers, so AC servo motors are used more.

1.Ordinary machine tools: including ordinary lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, milling machines, planing machines, etc.

2.Precision machine tools: including grinding machines, gear processing machines, threading machine tools and other precision machine tools.

3.High-precision machine tools: including coordinate boring machines, gear grinding machines, thread grinding machines, high-precision gear hobbing machines, high-precision engraving machines and other high-precision machine tools.

4.CNC machine tool: CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool, which is an automated machine tool equipped with a program control system.

The control system is able to logically process and decode programs with control codes or other symbolic instructions so that the machine can move and the parts are machined.

5.According to the size of the workpiece and the weight of the machine tool, it can be divided into instrument machine tools, small and medium-sized machine tools, large machine tools, heavy machine tools and super heavy machine tools.

6.According to the machining accuracy, it can be divided into ordinary precision machine tools, precision machine tools and high-precision machine tools.

7.According to the degree of automation, it can be divided into manually operated machine tools, semi-automatic machine tools and automatic machine tools.

8.According to the control mode of the machine tool, it can be divided into profiling machine tools, program control machine tools, CNC machine tools, adaptation control machine tools, machining centers and flexible manufacturing systems.

9.According to the scope of application of the machine tool, it can be divided into general and special machine tools. Metal cutting machine tools can be divided into various types according to different classification methods.

According to the processing method or processing object, it can be divided into lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, grinding machines, gear processing machine tools, thread processing machine tools, spline processing machine tools, milling machines, planers, slotting machines, broaching machines, special processing machine tools, sawing machines and engraving machines. Each class is divided into several groups according to its structure or processing object, and each group is divided into several types.

According to the size of the workpiece and the weight of the machine tool, it can be divided into instrument machine tools, small and medium-sized machine tools, large machine tools, heavy machine tools and super heavy machine tools.

According to the machining accuracy, it can be divided into ordinary precision machine tools, precision machine tools and high-precision machine tools.

According to the degree of automation, it can be divided into manually operated machine tools, semi-automatic machine tools and automatic machine tools.

According to the automatic control mode of the machine tool, it can be divided into copy machine tool, program control machine tool, digital control machine tool, adaptive control machine tool, machining center and flexible manufacturing system.

According to the scope of application of the machine tool, it can be divided into general, specialized and special machine tools.

There is a kind of automatic or semi-automatic machine tool composed of a small number of special parts designed according to the specific shape or processing technology of the workpiece based on the standard general parts, which is called a combination machine tool.

For the processing of one or several parts, a series of machine tools are arranged successively according to the process, and are equipped with automatic loading and unloading device and automatic workpiece transfer device between machine tool and machine tool, and a row of machine tool group thus formed is called cutting processing automatic production line.

The flexible manufacturing system is composed of a set of digitally controlled machine tools and other automated process equipment, controlled by electronic computers, which can automatically process workpieces with different processes and can adapt to multi-variety production.

Machine tool electrical appliances include: inverters, sensors, low-voltage appliances, circuit breakers, high-voltage appliances, relays, contactors, numerical control devices and programmable controllers, etc.

There are indeed a lot of things to want, so it is recommended that you buy some [. . . Getting Started【】 In simple terms] and other books, the main "Principles of Electrical Control" to understand: air opening, contactors, micro relays, inverters, transformers, motors and other basic components.

Mitsubishi or Siemens PLC working principle "to understand: how CNC control terminal motors and other electrical equipment from the top.

Electrical drawing CAD > understand: electrical drawings correspond to actual objects and their role in the electrical cabinet and drawing and drawing.

The working principle of CNC machine tools understands the component of the machine tool you are assembling - the spindle.

Feed shaft. Auxiliary (cooling, lubrication, lighting, etc.).

It is best to have the support of the working platform in the learning process, especially when you lack basic knowledge, learn a little thing every day, go to the actual machine tool to do comparative verification, don't be greedy, accumulate slowly, and become an expert after a long time. If there is a master around, please invite a treat to get close and ask more people. To sum up:

See more, ask more, think more, do more, and summarize more.

It is recommended that you first learn the knowledge of electric drag, so that you can understand the machine tool control circuit diagram, and there is also the principle of relevant electrical components and the knowledge of selection. That's the basics.

In addition, for intelligent equipment, it has now been widely used in various fields, for this aspect, you can look at the knowledge of inverters, PLC, touch screen applications and other aspects.

Relay is a kind of control element that uses the change of various physical quantities to convert electric or non-electric signals into electromagnetic force (contact type) or make the output state change step change (no contact type), so as to promote the action of other devices or devices in the same circuit or another circuit through its contacts or sudden changes. According to the different physical quantities of conversion, a variety of relays with different functions can be formed to be used for signal transmission, amplification, conversion, interlocking, etc. in various control circuits, so as to control the devices or equipment in the main circuit and auxiliary circuits to work according to the predetermined action program, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic control and protection.

There are many uses of relays, which can generally be summarized as follows:

1) Isolation between input and output circuits;

2) Signal conversion (from disconnected to on);

3) Increase the output circuit (i.e. switch several loads or switch different power supply loads);

4) repetitive signal;

5) Switch between different voltages or power supply loads;

6) Reserve the output signal;

7) Latching circuit;

8) Provide remote control. 2

It is recommended that you take a look at the book on this topic, Basics of Electricians, Electric Drag, How Electric Motors Work, Safe Use of Electricity. After learning the basics, learn others, such as: frequency converters; PLC & Controlled Systems.

The spindle motor mostly uses AC asynchronous motor, and rarely uses permanent magnet synchronous motor.

The main reason is that the capacity of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is not large enough, and the cost of the motor is high. In addition, the spindle drive system does not require as much performance as the feed system, and the speed range is not too large.

Therefore, the use of asynchronous motor can fully meet the requirements of the spindle of CNC machine tools, and the cage asynchronous motor is mostly used in the spindle drive system.

Three-phase asynchronous motors and servo motors are mainly used on the spindle.

Stepper motors and servo motors are mainly used on the feed screw.

Asynchronous motor, after frequency conversion and speed reduction, the torque is relatively small. The spindle servo motor, within a certain speed, can achieve constant torque, and the servo motor has a wide range of speeds, but it is very high.

The old machine tool is an ordinary three-phase asynchronous motor. The new machine tools that come out now are generally frequency conversion motors with variable frequency speed regulation.

There are two main types of motors for CNC machine tools: feed servo motor and spindle motor.

I don't know the concept of two electric motors.