In 1816, why was there no summer in this strange year?

The year 1816 was a peculiar year, and it was known as the "Year Without Summer". The cause of this phenomenon is the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. The eruption was the largest eruption in human history, with an eruption index of 7, and as a result, there was no summer in a large area of the world.

Even in some areas in summer, there is frost. The regions involved include Europe, North America and Asia, and agricultural production in particular has been greatly affected.

1. In the year of no summer, we all know that most regions abide by the cycle of the four seasons of the year. Spring and autumn are characterized by coolness, hot and rainy in summer, and cold, snowy in winter. In 1816, however, a peculiar phenomenon occurred, in which most areas that would have had summer disappeared in the summer.

Take Kunming and Yunnan, for example, where it shouldn't snow, it snows in winter. And Jiangxi, a place where there is little snow in winter, snowflakes fall in June and July. The temperature in Heilongjiang is low, but you can wear short sleeves in summer, but in the summer of this year, there was frost.

Since this is the case in most parts of the world, this year is known as the "Year Without Summer".

2. Causes: If such abnormal weather occurs, there must be a cause, and it is impossible to appear for no reason. According to people's surveys, Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted during the year. Unlike ordinary volcanic eruptions, this eruption lasted nearly three months and reached a magnitude 7 eruption, making it the largest volcanic eruption ever recorded.

Volcanic eruptions caused large amounts of sulfur dioxide to be ejected into the air, and global temperatures dropped by degrees Celsius in the following year or two. It was also the coldest year in the Northern Hemisphere since 1816 and 1400.

3. The impact caused by this volcanic eruption is very large, and the most direct impact is that most areas disappear in summer. Europe, North America, and Asia all affected the country, and the disappearance of summer directly led to famine. Crops have failed in many countries, killing large numbers of livestock and humans.

It was true that there was no summer in 1816, because the month of the year was so cold that it was already snowing and freezing. Scientists have concluded that this has something to do with the eruption that occurred in India the year before, because the eruption released a powerful heat that caused the temperature to drop dramatically.

According to scientists, the absence of summer in this year was due to the extreme weather phenomena of the previous year, so there was an unstable climate. So there was no summer that year.

This is because the volcanic eruption in July, which then erupts in front of the sun, causes global cooling, so that there was no summer in 1816.

It's just that the climate suddenly changed in a short period of time due to volcanic eruptions, but people at that time were still in a feudal society and couldn't explain this phenomenon, so they blamed it on mystery and weirdness.

In 1816, the strange absence of summer was due to the global cooling, because Mount Tambora erupted, spewing gases out to block the sun, and snow fell in what was supposed to be the summer season.

As we all know, there are four seasons in the year, which are spring, summer, autumn and winter. But there is a very special year in Chinese history, and that is 1816. In 1816 in Chinese history, there was no summer.

It was supposed to be a hot summer in June 1816, but it was still snowing at the time and even freezing in July. But why was there no summer in 1816? In fact, it has a lot to do with the volcano that erupted in Indonesia in 1815.

In our impression, summer should be when the sun shines in the sky, hiding under the big trees, enjoying the cool and cooling off。Summers are hot and rainy, the air is dry and windy, and summer is what we see as summer. However, there was such a special year in history, the summer actually frosted, and even snowed heavily, which subverted our impression of summer, which is known as the "year of no summer" in history, 1816.

In 1816, it was the 21st year of Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty in China, and this year China actually suffered from the abnormal weather phenomenon of "June Frost".。The idiom "June Flying Frost" comes from the Yuan miscellaneous drama "Dou E's Injustice", which tells the story of Dou E, a hard-working woman, who was framed and wanted to be beheaded, before the execution, Dou E swore to the sky that if she was wronged, then her blood would stain the white silk of the execution ground red, and there would be heavy snow in June, and the local drought would be three years. This is really "June frost, there will be grievances".

However, in the year of 1816, there was really an unusual summer in China, Heilongjiang suffered frost in July, Anhui and Jiangxi even snowed in June and July of the lunar calendar, and the temperature in Jiangnan was generally lower than in previous years, and the summer was as cold as early winter. Not only in China, but in the entire northern hemisphere, summer temperatures are cooler than usual, what is the reason for such a weather anomaly?

The climate anomaly of 1816 was caused by the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815.

On April 15, 1815, the eruption of Tambora Island on the island of Sambawa in Indonesia (then the Dutch East Indies) was one of the largest volcanic eruptions recorded in the world.

Mount Tambora had an eruption index of 7 and the eruption lasted from April 5 to mid-July. After the eruption of Mount Tambora, an estimated 1.7 million tons of ash and debris were sprayed into the air, and the volcano, which was originally 4,100 meters high, was reduced to 2,850 meters, which is equivalent to 1,250 meters of height. The loud sound of the eruption can be heard from 2,500 kilometers away, spewing a total volume of ash of up to 150 cubic kilometers and reaching up to 44 kilometers into the stratosphere.

As far away as London, England, the sunset due to volcanic ash can also be seen, killing about 60,000 people, making it the most violent volcanic eruption known to mankind.

1816 was the coldest year in the Northern Hemisphere since 1400, and the summer was unprecedentedly cold.

A volcanic eruption caused a climate anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere, with summers like early winter, rare in human history, and the culprit for this anomaly was the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815This is the most powerful and destructive volcanic eruption recorded in human history, and Tambora is an active volcano, although it is still dormant, and the next eruption is unknown, but it is conceivable that once Tambora erupts again, its destructive power is still strong, and its impact on the global climate is still very large.

In fact, it was the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 that produced volcanic ash that covered the sky and caused global temperatures to drop by several degrees.

This year was a year of severe climate change, resulting in the absence of summer. It snows all year round and is very cold.

There were a lot of natural disasters that year, so it hit a lot of people hard and left a very deep impression.

Everyone knows that there are four seasons in a normal year, that is, spring, summer, autumn and winter. But this year it was very strange that there was no summer. 678 was supposed to be the hottest time of the year, but it started to snow in June of that year, and it was very cold in July and August.

So it became a year without summer, and even froze to death a lot of people. However, this is not just a problem that has emerged in China, but affects the whole world.

Because at that time, the Western countries were even more serious than China. At that time, China was in the Ming Dynasty, and because of this incident, Yunnan also had no food. In other countries, it is relatively normal in spring, although it is a little cold, but it is still very normal, and they are waiting for the flowers to bloom and spring to come.

Because every year in February, there is a climate called the inverted spring cold, so everyone does not think it is strange, just wait for the temperature to warm up in March.

However, in April, it suddenly became very cold and snowy, and even the lotus pond began to freeze. It's just that everyone didn't expect it, because this is the time when the crops are growing, which causes all the agricultural products to freeze to death. In June, there was even a terrible snowstorm in the United States.

This made farmers have to wear big cotton jackets when farming, just to protect the survival of crops, and many people froze to death in the fields.

The same thing happened in China, where crops were frozen to death leading to famine, and people were starved to death and froze to death. Seeing this, many people wonder what caused the whole year to lose the summer. In fact, it was caused by the eruption of a certain volcano the previous year, which is not very famous, it is in the north of India, because the eruption of this volcano also caused the death of more than 100,000 people.

And the main reason for this incident is also because of the various gases left behind by his eruption, which caused the earth to produce a layer of diaphragm, and the sun could not shine through. The heat could not reach the ground either, so it became no summer.

Historically, 1816 is also known as the "Year Without Summer", due to the impact of the eruption of Mount Tambora, the climate in the Northern Hemisphere was extremely abnormal, and even the lunar calendar appeared.

In the extreme case of snow in June and July, the Northern Hemisphere can be said to have no summer in this year.

In 1816 of the Gregorian calendar, it was the twenty-first year of Jiaqing in Chinese history, in this year, the British sent envoys to China, because the British envoys did not follow the etiquette of the Qing Dynasty (three kneels and nine bows), so they were not treated by Jiaqing, and ordered the envoys to return to China, but a few decades later, the British launched a war of aggression against the Qing Dynasty and opened the door to China.

In addition to this episode, volcanic eruptions around the world during the year led to global climate anomalies, especially in Asia, which led to insufficient crop harvests and famine in many places.

Mount Tambora erupts

Mount Tambora, located in Indonesia, is a volcano that has been dormant for 5,000 years and erupted in full force in 1815, the largest volcanic eruption on record, releasing 50,000 times more energy than the Hiroshima atomic bomb and killing more than 70,000 people.

The eruption began on April 5, 1815, the eruption process lasted more than 100 days, 400 kilometers away from the crater, the thickness of the volcanic ash is more than 20 centimeters, and the loud sound of the eruption can be heard from 2000 kilometers away, which shows the intensity of the eruption, it is estimated that the eruption spewed out more than 140 billion tons of magma and more than 60 billion tons of ash.

The effects of volcanic eruptions

The volcanic eruption released a large amount of methane, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, dust, water vapor, etc., of which the greenhouse effect of methane is dozens of times that of carbon dioxide, resulting in the heat of the ground at night can not be effectively dissipated into space, and a large amount of dust makes the sunlight unable to reach the ground during the day, thus causing local climate anomalies, and the global average temperature will drop in the next year or two.

China

According to records, in the second year of the volcanic eruption, that is, in the eighth lunar month of 1816 (around the Mid-Autumn Festival), the weather in China was already like a cold winter, with snow falling in June in Jiangxi and Anhui, severe frost in Heilongjiang in July, and severe frost in Taiwan and other places in December.

Europe and the United States

In the Gregorian months, a large number of crops were frozen to death, and there were also severe winds and snowstorms in Canada, where the snow froze several feet deep, and sometimes the weather even plummeted from more than 30 degrees Celsius to near freezing in one day, resulting in the death of hundreds of thousands of people.

It is precisely because of the impact of the eruption of Mount Tambora that the summer of 1816 in the northern hemisphere is like a cold winter, so this year is also called the "year without summer", which can only be said that human beings are too small in front of nature; This year (2020), the world is facing the new crown pneumonia again, which is not another punishment of nature for human beings.

According to investigations, the appearance of the "Year Without Summer" was caused by the eruption of Mount Tambora on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa in 1815. The volcano is 2,851 meters above sea level, and when it erupted, it threw a lot of dust and demonstrations into the air, and the eruption of ash and slag covered an area of 100 feet, and even as thick as a meter. The volcanic ash from this volcanic eruption washed up into the stratosphere, resulting in the formation of about 400 million tons of gases, which surrounded the earth, and the gases reacted in the atmosphere to block and reflect the sun's rays, making it difficult for the sun's light and heat to reach the earthTherefore, there is the "year without summer".