Why the concept of the orbit of the particle is the concept of Newtonian mechanics that was first ab

According to Newtonian mechanics, if the orbit of a particle is a definite curve, then for the circular motion of the electrons inside the atom, because it is an electric current, then a magnetic field will be generated. The magnetic field produces an electric field, and then forms electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic waves will take away the kinetic energy of the electrons, so the electrons should gradually lose energy and fall into the nucleus, but in fact the atoms are very stable. This shows that classical mechanics is wrong.

Quantum mechanics rejects this view and argues that electrons exist in the nucleus in the form of electron clouds, which rationally explains the stability of atoms.

Quantum mechanics. The atomic orbital in refers to the electron in the nucleus.

outside a state of motion in a space.

According to quantum mechanics, the state of motion of each steady-state electron in an atom can be described by a single-electron wave function (x,y,z), which is called an atomic orbital. So, e-cloud.

The shape of the track is expressed as the shape of the track.

2 indicates the probability of the hosiery appearing in a small volume around the nucleus of the stocking. The larger this 2, the greater the probability of electrons appearing in this small volume, and by calculating the probability of each small volume and expressing it with points with different densities, we can get the pattern of the electron cloud.

When there are more and more electrons in the atom, the electrons are more inclined and the cavity is evenly distributed.

In the volume of space around the nucleus, the "electron cloud" tends to be distributed in a specific spherical region (where the probability of electrons appearing is higher).

The main thing is single-electron approximation.

Since the molecule is a multi-nucleus and multi-electron system, its Schrödinger equation contains a complex potential energy term between electrons and electrons, which is difficult to solve mathematically, so the molecule is approximated as an electron moving in an average potential field formed by multiple atoms and multiple other electrons. To put it simply, all the nuclei and other electrons are regarded as a relatively peculiar nucleus, and an electron moves near this nucleus, and the problem is solved into a single-nucleus and single-electron system, so that all the single-electron Schrödinger equations in the molecule can be solved, and these single-electron equations are called molecular orbitals in figurative language. Multiplying these equations results in the wave function of the entire molecule.

It's very general and inaccurate, but it should be a little easier to understand.

There is also an approximation, which is used in many systems, not just molecules, that is, assuming that the nucleus of an atom can be considered stationary in relation to the speed of the electron.

Do you mean Boer's molecular orbitals?

Bohr's molecular orbitals are semi-classical theories, which are inaccurate, and only preliminarily solve the problem of hydrogen atoms, and there is no way except for the hydrogen atomic system.

If we have to say approximately, the five basic assumptions should be abandoned. Leaving only the quantization of energy cannot be used as a corollary of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics