When I used to live in a bungalow, how was the kang at home built and what was the principle?

It seems to be built with bricks to build a wall between the kang, covered with a relatively flat stone slab, covered with a slate and then smoothed with mud, and then the top can be used after the mud is completely dry.

The kang is composed of three parts: the stove, the kang body and the chimney. The stove with the kang can be cooked, and the kang body can be used for heating, and it can also be used to sit and lie down. It is built with bricks and has a kang wall, there is a flue in the kang wall, which is covered with a relatively flat stone slab, and the stone slab is covered with mud to touch flat, and the kang mat can be used after the mud is dried.

The kang has a stove and a smoke mouth, the stove is used to burn firewood, and the smoke and heat produced by burning wood pass through the wall between the kang to heat the stone slab above to generate heat, so that the kang produces heat. Finally, the smoke is discharged from the ondol smoke mouth through the chimney.

Kang is a common house interior in the northern region, the construction is very simple, is to build it with cement bricks, and then leave a vent hole, in winter, the fire is burned below, the smoke flows out from the vent, and the kang is warm and comfortable.

Diagram of the internal structure of the kang:

The kang is composed of three parts: the stove, the kang body and the chimney. The stove with the kang can be cooked, and the kang body can be used for heating, and it can also be used to sit and lie down.

Due to the different regions and ethnic habits, the plane layout of the fire kang is also different, there are the south kang, the north kang, the Shunshan kang, the 10,000-character kang (curved ruler) and the concave kang of the ring room. The chimney is a masonry kang exhaust flue.

The kang body has straight hole type, horizontal hole type, flower hole type, etc. These forms can be categorized into two types: parallel and series, the former with uniform heat dissipation and poor exhaust, and the latter the opposite.

1. In order to keep warm, the local people came up with the way to burn the rock tung clay kang to keep warm, the bottom of the kang is bricks and stones, and the top is slate or brick and adobe, which can be burned for cooking during the day, and can also be heated at night, and then burn a stove in the house, so that the whole house is warm.

2. The principle of burning kang is to use straw, branches and other fuels to burn to produce heat. Then, when the heat passes through the flue of the kang, the heat is dissipated to the adobe on the kang, which is a bad conductor of heat, so the temperature of the kang will last for a long time after it is heated. It is very comfortable to burn the kang in winter, but the flue of this kang should not branch too much, if there are too many branches, the heat will be dispersed, and it will not be warm.

3. Therefore, generally only one kang is burned, and the second is to save costs. A lot of fuel is needed when burning the kang, and if a family wants to burn several kangs, a lot of fuel will be wasted, so in order to save costs, a family will not burn a lot of kang.

4. Although northerners like to live together as a family, they are also particular, for example, people who sleep on the same kang are generally parents and their children who are not married, if they just get married, they will build a new kang in their new house for their use.

5. At that time, if there are old people, some families will prepare a partition to separate the old and young people to reduce unnecessary embarrassment, mainly because the kang is really big, and it is not next to each other when sleeping. Chatting together in the evening can also add to the relationship. There is actually no embarrassment to live together to visit Zaoling, Kang culture is part of the old northern culture, now the city is developing and building very quickly, the people bid farewell to the fire kang handed down from generation to generation, and live in high-rise buildings, Kang is basically only a small part of the countryside.

As shown in the figure below:

The structure of the kang is far more complex than the bed, and the building method is also different, there are hole kang, flower kang and hollow kang.

The hole kang is to build a few small walls on the ground and eight rows of bricks are about high, the space is divided into several tunnels, the two ends are left empty to make the road communicate, and the adobe, stone slab or red brick is covered, and the cover is covered with reused sand and mud or white ash and the like.

Hua Kang is the development of the hole kang, the small wall is only half the height, the red bricks are all over the support, the red bricks can be used as the cover, and the rest method is the same.

The hollow kang is more advanced, only supported by a few columns of red bricks, covered with several large cement slabs, and the rest of the method is the same as the hole kang and the flower kang. It is said that the hollow kang is advanced because it has a large internal space, and it is not easy to be blocked by fireworks and ashes.

All kangs have a feature that one end leads to the chimney and the other end has a stove.

The principle of the kang is that when the hot air generated by the combustion of fuel (wood, grass, straw, coal) passes through the pit of the fire, the heat is dissipated to the adobe, and the soil is not a good conductor of heat, and because of this, the soil kang is not easy to cool after being heated.

The construction of the earthen kang tunnel is not too complicated, and I know exactly what it is, and when I am in the countryside, basically everyone will do it. Your kang is smoking or not fully hot, it is estimated that the kang road is blocked, there are two reasons for the blockage, one is ash, the other is the carbon ash produced by insufficient fuel combustion adsorbed on the adobe, my hometown calls it coke, if it is not treated in time, once the coking coal is ignited, then the things on your kang should be moved to the ground quickly, it is particularly hot, and it can be burned for a night. Generally, the 10 or 20-year-old kang has to be rebuilt again, just to dispose of the coke.

Then again, when the coke is ignited, the kang will burn better.