How do you know your pedigree? How to tell if your ancestors are mixed race

There are countless acts of changing surnames because of affiliation, adoption, and avoiding clan struggles. In fact, as long as the probability of changing the surname of each generation is 1%, or it is understood that 100 people will change their surname for every 1 generation, then 60% of the people who can maintain the original surname after 50 generations (about 1000 years) (that is, to the 50th power, not considering the situation of changing back), only 37% of those who maintain the original surname after 100 generations. The above is the ideal situation, but the reality is more complicated.

The genealogy respects Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao of the Northern Song Dynasty as their ancestors, and the types of Y chromosomes detected are more than a dozen types, and this is only the result of dozens of testers. The previous lively Cao Cao descendants tracking project, the detection results are also varied, there are 15 families known as Cao Cao's descendants, and the Y chromosome has detected six categories. <>

Fudan University analyzed the Y chromosomes of 7 males who claimed to belong to the modern family of Aixin Jueluo, and found that the Y chromosomes of 3 of them (2 of them have complete family trees, and their most recent common ancestor is Nurhachi) are highly similar and extremely rare in China, so it can strictly introduce M401 from Nurhachi's great-ancestor to Huang Taiji, which is downstream of the C haplogroup for 5 generations. (This research is mainly in the biological sense, and in the cultural sense, there will be more descendants of Aixin Jueluo.) So you can use the Y chromosome to detect whether you are a descendant of Nurhachi, but the surname of Aixin Jueluo after Shunzhi down may be more complicated, and more Y chromosome data can get more valid information in the future.

Hello, the first thing to look at is your appearance, especially the eyes, the ancestral mixed blood this thing, to a certain extent, will be manifested in the eyes, we Chinese eyes are black or a little brown, if the color of the eyes has other colors, the ancestral mixed blood will be based on the instinct to judge. The second face shape, the above features and the three-dimensional degree of the facial features, the face shape of the Chinese is relatively flat, the facial features are relatively round and small, and the facial features related to the blood will be relatively different, and it will look a bit like the three-dimensional sculpture of foreigners. Thirdly, you can ask your parents, ask their older generation, or the older generation who are still alive, what they know is who their ancestors are in which country.

Fourth, there are some other obvious characteristics, such as familial genetic diseases, mixed blood can also carry genetic diseases in the gene, slippery such as loose talk about the smell of the wax fox, etc., which are inherited in many countries.

The Chinese belong to the race, that is, the yellow race. Physical characteristics of yellow people: yellow or white skin color; Straight hair, black hair color; dark eyes; higher cheekbones; flat face; medial cantholic folds and incisors have a higher incidence of spade shapes; Body hair and beard are sparse.

The yellow race is further divided into 8 categories:

1 Ural region:

Uralic language family;

2 East Asia: China (Chinese).

the Korean Peninsula (Korean), the Japanese archipelago (Yamato);

3. North Asia: Mongolian language family (there are also theories that it belongs to the Xianbei branch of the Chinese family);

4. Northeast Asia: Tungusic language family (there are also theories that it belongs to the Xianbei branch of the Chinese family);

5 Siberian region:

Eskimo-Aleutian languages (ancient Siberian languages);

6 South Asia: The South Asian type is between the East Asian type and the Malay type (the South Asian type here refers to the Yellow South Asian race, not the Aryan chain, the Dravidian, or the mixed Indian between the Aryans and the Dravidians, speaking Miao Yao, Zhuang-Kam and Austroasian, many scholars believe that there is a relationship between the Miao-Yao language family, the Zhuang-Dong language family and the Austroasiatic language family);

7. Southeast Asia: some of them are the sub-types of the southern canopy town (the South Asian type here refers to the yellow race of South Asia, not the Aryans, Dravidians, or the mixed Indians between the Aryans and the Dravidians, who speak the Miao-Yao, Zhuang-Kam and Austroasiatic languages), and the rest are Malay types (Indonesian language families);

8 Madagascar:

The Merina people on the island of Madagascar are of Malay type, Indonesian descent (Indonesian language family);

Summary. DNA paternity test, it is currently the most common method for paternity testing, this method of sampling is also relatively simple, blood, body surface hair, and oral cells can be, very convenient. Principle:

Under normal circumstances, there are 23 pairs of dyeing, each pair is two, usually from the father and mother. As long as a certain number of DNA loci are tested during the test, if they are the same as the parents, then they are biological, otherwise there are doubts. If only 1-2 loci do not match, some loci should be tested because there is a possibility of genetic mutations.

If more than 3 loci do not match, it is basically not a parent-child relationship.

Pro, DNA paternity test, it is currently the most commonly used method to do paternity testing, this method of sampling is also relatively simple, blood, body surface hair, and oral cells can be, very square macro model poop. Principle: Under normal circumstances, there are a total of 23 pairs of dyeing, each pair is two, usually from the father and mother.

As long as a certain number of DNA loci are tested during the test, if they are the same as the parents, then they are biological, otherwise there are doubts. If only 1-2 loci do not match, it is necessary to add some loci to detect code sensitivity, because there is a possibility of gene mutation. If more than 3 loci do not match, it is basically not a parent-child relationship.

Blood type paternity test, which is to test the blood type of the two and compare their blood type to determine whether they are biological or not. Principle: Mendel's laws of inheritance state that human blood type is passed on to the next generation, so there is an important link between the child's blood history and the parent's blood type.

There are a variety of blood group systems that can be used to identify whether you are biological, and the more blood group systems you detect, the higher the accuracy. In addition, in the last century, experts have found that the antigen of white blood cells can also be used as reference data, which can be used to achieve relatively high accuracy with the detection of blood group system. Chromosomal polymorphism paternity test, which was discovered in the 80s of the last century, is based on the polymorphism of chromosomes to identify whether it is biological or not.

Principle: Most of the chromosome morphology of normal human limb leakage has some very small variations, and this polymorphism is also inherited. However, this technology is mainly observed and judged by technicians, so the accuracy is not very high.

Determining whether an ancestor has mixed blood is a complex process because the existence of mixed blood involves multiple factors, such as family history, cultural background, genetic characteristics, etc. Here are some common methods and clues for reference:1

Family History and Oral Tradition: Communicate with elders and family members to learn about the history and background of the family. They may be able to provide information and lineage about ancestral mixed-race ancestry.

2.Physical characteristics: Observe the physical characteristics of family members and yourself, such as skin color, eye color, hair quality, etc.

Mixed-race ancestry may result in specific physical traits, but this is not an absolute basis for determining mixed-race ancestry, as physical characteristics are influenced by multiple genes. 3.Family Culture & Traditions:

Mixed blood is often accompanied by a multicultural heritage. Knowing about your family's cultural traditions, religious beliefs, customs, and language may provide clues. 4.

Genetic testing: Genetic testing is a scientific method that can help determine an individual's genetic ancestry and ethnic background. The commercial Hypothetical Gene Gene Natin Testing Company can provide genetic testing services that provide information about ancestry** and mixed-race ancestry by analyzing individual DNA samples.

However, these test results also have certain limitations, and other clues and background information need to be taken into account. It is important to note that mixed-race ancestry is a mixture of diverse cultures and multiple genetic backgrounds, and is not just a simple judgment of physical appearance or genetic characteristics. Every family and individual can be different, so understanding one's ancestral background and cultural heritage is an individualized process.

If you're interested in your mixed ancestry, you can learn about your ancestry by exploring your family history, talking to family members, and getting genetic tests.