English translation of modern exchange technology, introduction to the content of modern exchange te

The Public Switched Network (PSTN) is perhaps the largest communications network to date. There are 400 million terminals and 60,000 switches in the world. More than 1 billion kilometers of dual** lines are buried in the ground.

**The unique feature of the network is that each device is able to work with the others. The technology or procedures for these devices have been developed by different mega-corporations over the past 100 years. One fact that compares this is that it is almost impossible to connect IBM's oldest computers with its own latest models.

The enormous complexity of this network can be managed through a hierarchical structure, international standardization, and decentralization of management, operation and maintenance.

Translation: Public Network (PSTN) is perhaps the most prominent communication that exists on the web today. There are more than 4 million telecommunications devices and more than 60,000 switches worldwide. ** The length of the line double is more than a billion kilometers buried in the ground.

**The unique feature of the network is that each piece of equipment, technology or process has evolved from a number of different giant companies with the ability to work with each other. It's almost impossible to compare the fact that the first IBM computer had its own up-to-date system interface. It is extremely complex** network management, through the adoption of a hierarchy, standardized, decentralized management, operation and maintenance around the world.

Hope to help the landlord, thank you!

exchange

English [ ks'tʃeɪndʒ;eks-] beauty [ ks'tʃendʒ]

n.Exchange; Communication; Exchange; Exchange.

vt.Exchange; Trade; Exchange.

vi.Exchange; Trade; Exchange.

Phrase exchange rate ; financial] exchange rate ; foreign exchange rate ; Financial] exchange rate.

futures exchange ** ; Financial] Forex** ; **Business Firm; Futures Exchange.

ion exchange ; Ion exchange method ; Denitrification ; Ion exchange resin.

The English word for exchange is exchange.

Detailed Definition: n Exchange; Communication; Exchange; Exchange.

VT exchange; Trade; Exchange.

vi exchange; Trade; Exchange.

Inflections: past exchanged, past participle exchanged, present participle exchanging, plural exchanges, third person singular exchanges

exchange; interchange; swap; permutation; change for;

Example sentence] We exchanged addresses and Christmas cards.

we exchanged addresses and christmas cards.

Switching technology is a key technology in a communication network, which determines the performance of the network and what kind of services are provided to users. This book introduces the principles, related protocols, and applications of various switching technologies used in modern communication networks. Chapter 1 introduces the various switching technologies commonly used in the current network, and introduces the key technical principles used in data communication. Chapter 2 describes the circuit-switching techniques used in communications; Chapter 3 introduces telecommunication network signaling systems; Chapter 4 describes packet switching and frame relay technologies used in data communications; Chapter 5 describes the ATM technology used in broadband switching; Chapter 6 describes Layer 2 switching, IP switching, and MPLS technologies used in computer networks; Chapter 7 introduces optical switching technologies; Chapter 8 introduces the latest softswitch and NGN technologies.

This book is informative and simple, and can be used as a textbook or reference book for senior undergraduates majoring in communication and computer networks in colleges and universities, and can also be read by other technical personnel engaged in communication majors.

Signal Technology Key Brother.

The signal system exchanges links to the telecommunication network system, the transmission system and the user equipment, so that the function of the network as a whole variety. Signaling technologies are divided into two main categories: Inchannel signaling and public channel signaling (CCS).

There are two classes of each in different types of signaling techniques.

Inchannel signals, also known as backbones, use the same channel that the user makes a voice or data transfer control signal with which the call or connection. In contrast, the CCS does not use the speech or path for signaling data. It uses a trunk that transmits information or a common channel that controls the signal path group independently.

The Inchannel signal has no additional transmission facilities, and this signal uproar is required to have the advantage of not being drafted in the case with CCS.

Signal technology. The telecommunication system connects a variety of switching systems, transmission systems and user equipment in a telecommunications network to make the network function as a whole. Signal technologies fall into two main categories:

Inchannel Channel Signaling and Common Signaling (CCS). Different types of signaling techniques exist in two of each class.

The inchannel signal, which is also known as the trunk, uses the same channel signal for the user's voice or data to be connected with the control signal that is called. In contrast, CCS does not use voice or data paths for signaling. It uses a separate command channel for control signals, through a set of trunks or information paths.

Inchannel signals have signaling transmission facilities that are fragmented and have no additional requirements whereas this is not the case with CCS.

** The interconnection of networks requires some form of switch to route traffic, an efficient and economical way. Groups of exchanges are interconnected trunk groups (often referred to as suitcase-carrying traffic is one direction. Any two exchanges requested between two suitcase groups.

There are three basic topologies: interconnect, star, AC: and hierarchy. The orderly construction of multi-level networks leads to hierarchical network stars.

Advisory Committee on International Telegraph** as recommended by Level 5 Lever Exchange Level. In a strict hierarchical network, traffic flows from the user to a subscriber b, and vice versa, flowing through the highest level of hierarchy, syntactically Quaternary center. The route of traffic through the highest level is called the final route.

However, if there is a high flow intensity between any pair of stubbles, a direct trunk group can be established between them. These direct routes are known as high-usage routes. Regardless of the existence of high-usage routes, traffic is primarily routed through them.

Overflow traffic, if any, is routed along a hierarchical path. No overflow is allowed to slow down from the final course.