Why did the gate lord clan begin to decline in the middle and late Tang Dynasty

Remember: the collapse of the gentry is the result of socio-economic development.

This is because the phenomenon of the clan gate valve in the Tang Dynasty was very serious, but after the Song Dynasty, due to the relatively heavy Wen Ranzhi town officials, the selection requirements for civil officials were also relatively high, so this phenomenon disappeared.

Mainly because the Tang Dynasty had an imperial examination system, the imperial examination system will make these phenomena weaker and weaker, because the imperial examination system advocates fairness.

Because of the rise of this phenomenon in the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was destroyed, and the scholar gate valve disappeared.

The main reason is that after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, there was no strength to support the continuation of the Shi clan gate.

The reasons for the decline of Tang Dynasty gate politics are as follows:

1. The perfection of the imperial examination system has led to the promotion of a large number of poor families, which has impacted the politics of the gate valve.

2. The system of six ministries in the three provinces was perfected, the imperial power was continuously strengthened, and the emperor continued to crack down on the lords and nobles.

3. The system of equalizing land and the regulation of rents have guaranteed the economy of small peasants, and the gate valve has lost the economic basis for its existence, so that the economic privileges of the gate lord clan cannot be guaranteed, that is, the clan cannot guarantee that the clan occupies a large amount of land and the labor manpower such as the tribe and the shadow guest.

4. The quality of the children of the gate valve family has gradually declined, and many Xun clans have no heirs.

5. The impact of previous peasant uprisings, the Huangchao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty dealt a nearly devastating blow to the clan of the gate lord, and many clans were wiped out.

6, Tang Taizong Xiu (Clan Chronicles), "I want to respect the crown of today", Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetianxiu "Surname Record", "Each is described according to the high and low grade, that is, according to the level of the officials at that time, so that those who have military merits into the five grades are all into the stream." These ** behaviors of expanding the scope of the scholar clan have played a role in weakening the status of the old gate lord clan.

This is a big question, if you want to know more about it, I recommend reading books in this area.

The emergence and end of any system occurs because of the social environment at the time.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the political system and long-term stable social environment, large families with cultural and economic resources were formed, and they mastered the main cultural knowledge, commerce and land of the society. They enjoy a great deal of voice in political life, and in order to maintain such a privileged position, they will favor the system that is beneficial to them in the formulation of the ruling system. Because of the high platform, the children of the clan are not enterprising and greedy for pleasure, and the lack of talents is not enough to assume the responsibility of maintaining the rule of the country (refer to the children of the Eight Banners), more and more children of the poor family have entered the right class, and the imperial examination system implemented in the Sui and Tang dynasties has opened up the channels for circulation from the bottom to the upper class, and the new rulers do not want to be controlled by several big families as before, and the decline of gate politics is the inevitable result of development.

There are many reasons, mainly because the imperial power and these gate valves are fundamentally opposed, as long as the emperor is suppressing the gate valves, one of which Wu Zetian has the greatest credit.

Decline: Sui and Tang dynasties: In order to consolidate state power, the rulers vigorously cracked down on the gate valve clan, promoted the poor people, and adopted the imperial examination system, the rise of the imperial examination, so that the gate valve system declined.

The perfection of the imperial examination system Everyone can take the examination to become an official.

I would like to answer you from three aspects of this question. First of all, in terms of economy, during the Tang Dynasty, a high degree of economic development, people's living standards improved sharply, and the improvement of the living standards of the lower class people greatly impacted the upper class of the gate lord clan and exacerbated their disintegration; The second is political reasons, the Tang Dynasty pursued a system of three provinces and six ministries, ** set up the Menxia, Zhongshu and Shangshu provinces, and the same prime minister restrained each other, which made the gate valve family no longer able to form a party for personal gain as in the past. The last reason is cultural reasons, that is, the implementation of the imperial examination system, which is also the most important reason, in the past, if you want to be an official, the quota will be monopolized by the children of the family.

The implementation of the imperial examination system has completely changed this status quo, and the entry of the children of the poor into the ** class is also a sign of the decline of the gate valve system, which reached its peak in the Wu Zetian period.

The post downstairs with 32 likes is watery.

The decline of gatekeeper politics has nothing to do with what he enumerated.

In the Tang Dynasty, at least more than half of the ways were sealed, and about 30% were made of military merits, and the rest were taken by the imperial examination and promoted by officials. In the 290 years, the imperial examination was held once every three years on average, and a total of more than 6,000 people were admitted. On average, there is not enough for each family to be distributed to each family, so how can the family decline?

As for the peasant uprising, it is also nonsense. During the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the major families were alive and well, and what could a few peasant uprisings do to them?

From the period of Li Shimin to Li Longji, the imperial power was indeed increasing, but what happened after that? The imperial power of the Tang Dynasty is a joke, what other blows?

The Juntian system has existed in name only during the Wu Zetian period, and the number of people who have fled to the major families to seek refuge is more and more than fewer; The rent adjustment had to be changed to a two-tax system. This is more conducive to tax evasion by major families.

The reason why the family is called the family is at least one point is that the heirs are prosperous, and there is no heir in any family with a name and surname in the Tang Dynasty. It's just the title inherited by the younger generations. For example, Wei Zheng, he was the Duke of Zheng Guo, and when he was the fifth grandson Wei Mo, although he was also a prime minister, he had no title.

In ancient times, families lived together, and even the children of officials outside the country mostly returned to their ancestral land after paying tribute to the officials.

Since the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancients adhered to the family system. However, each generation has only one descendant branch, and the subordinate branch of each generation has increased several times and dozens of times. Moreover, there are only a few people in each generation who can be cultivated by the family and can be sealed by virtue of the family background, and the children of the Shu branch can only work hard to find a way out by themselves.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the power of the Jiedu envoy was unprecedentedly high, one of which was to enjoy the right to appoint and dismiss personnel. As a result, the children of the Shu Branch, who were not valued in the family and could not rely on the shadow of the family, left the family one after another and went to various places to seek a future for themselves.

In this case, the previous pattern of living in groups with the same surname in a common ancestral land gradually disappeared. Those who left their ancestral land have established their own families all over the country. For example, the ancestor of the surname of Fujian, the ancestor of the surname of Guizhou, etc., is how it came about.

This is the reason for the disappearance of the gate valve system.

The main reason for the end of the rule of the Tang Dynasty was the perfection of the imperial examination system.

The imperial examination is a system of selecting officials by examination. It is an important invention in ancient China, and the modern system of selecting civil servants evolved from the imperial examination system. It was founded in the Sui Dynasty, formed in the Tang Dynasty, and continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty, which had a great impact on Chinese society and culture, and directly gave birth to the "scholar" class.

The development and gradual improvement of the imperial examination system made the scholars gradually lose their ability to control politics.

The Sui and Tang dynasties were an identity-based society, and the clans enjoyed high prestige and status in society. Of all the noble families, five are the most noble. That is, Boling Cui (now Anping County, Shen County, Raoyang, Anguo and other places in Hebei), Qinghe Cui (now Qinghe County, Hebei), Fanyang Lu (now Baoding City and Beijing City), Longxi Li (now southeast Gansu Province), Zhao County Li (now Zhao County, Hebei), Xingyang Zheng (now Henan Province), Taiyuan Wang.

Among them, the Li family and the Cui family each have two county wangs. That's why it's called the five surnames and seven hopes.

Five surnames and seven families.

Later, the imperial examination system went deep into these gate valve clans and slowly declined

Boling Cui's, Zhaojun Li's, Qinghe Cui's, Fanyang Lu's, Xingyang Zheng's, Longxi Li's, Taiyuan Wang's, Jingzhaowei's, Hedong Pei's, Hedong Liu's, Hedong Xue's, Hongnong Yang's, Jingzhaodu's, Langya Wang's, Lanling Xiao's.

In fact, there was no longer a gate valve clan in the Tang Dynasty.

The gate valve clan is from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Southern Dynasty in China.

In the Tang Dynasty, the political group formed by bureaucrats, scholars, and doctors with special status in society could only be said to be big businessmen.

or large landowners of the great aristocracy.

That's a lot.

The festival envoy is also a big landowner.

The Li family, the eldest grandson family, the Pei family, the Du family, the Guo Ziyi family, and the Shi family.

There are a lot of them, and even the emperor doesn't pay attention to them.

To be precise, the system of the scholar clan collapsed in the Sui Dynasty, but although the scholar clan experienced decline in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the real collapse came in the Song Dynasty. The decline of the scholars was due to three men: Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and Wu Zetian, who worked together to promote a new system that had a profound impact on the scholars, the imperial examination system.

The rise of the imperial examination system became one of the important reasons for the eventual demise of the gate valve system, and in addition, the degeneration of the gentry themselves and the uninterrupted peasant uprisings were also the reasons for the eventual collapse of the gate valve system. The advent of the imperial examination system marked the collapse of the gentry system, but it did not mean the complete disappearance of the gentry. By the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the scholars still enjoyed high prestige and had a high social status.

The important sign of the prestige of the gentry was their bloodline, and the important means of maintaining their lineage depended on marriage. Therefore, the big families are accustomed to intermarriage among themselves in order to maintain their noble lineage and their distinction from the Hanmen. In addition, there was another reason that led to the decline of the gentry, and that was the peasant uprising.

For example, the Sun En Rebellion in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Huangchao Rebellion in the last years of the Tang Dynasty led to a deep attack on the Shi clan.

To sum up, three reasons led to the collapse of the gentry system, among which the rise of the imperial examination system was dominant.

The Shizu Yanpai Gate Valve System is rooted in the old aristocratic system, which arose in the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the peak period was the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Northern and Southern Dynasties began to go down the trouser branch slope road, the Sui and Tang dynasties suffered a huge blow, and finally the Song Dynasty completely withdrew from the historical stage.

There are two reasons why the scholar gate lord completely withdrew from the historical stage in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, one is that the chaotic times in the last year of the Tang Dynasty, the gate lord was attacked by the warlord, and the other is that the imperial examination system is rough and pure, and the imperial examination must be carried out in the Song Dynasty.

This is because this system is not suitable for the development of subsequent dynasties, so it fell with the Tang Dynasty, and this system did not exist after the change of dynasty.

Because this system is not particularly standardized, and it also has some loopholes. It does not conform to the trend of historical development. That's why it fell with the Tang Dynasty.

Because this system is relatively backward and not particularly suitable for other dynasties, it will disappear in the process of development.

1) The provisions of the two tax laws on the basis of property level are extremely detrimental to the existence of large families, and will inevitably lead to the trend of large families being divided into different households.

2) The two Zheng brothers' silver tax law caused the loosening of the personal dependence of the peasants, which was not conducive to the economy of the big family. Unemployed peasants can turn to small merchants or lease landlords' land, and will not be attached to the big family.

3) The blow of the Great Peasant Dust Eggplant Revolt at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the invasion of the northern peoples during the Five Dynasties dealt a fatal blow to this dying class.

The gate valve clan, which appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty and lasted until the fall of the Tang Dynasty, has a history of 700 years, and the gate valve is the cause of its demise, which is the imperial examination system held in the Sui and Tang dynasties. After the implementation of the imperial examination system, it began to become the imperial power, and the bureaucratic rule model formed by governing the world together with the scholars and doctors. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, the two models were replaced, which is also the reason why the gate lord clan perished along with the Tang Dynasty.

The rise of the gate valve of the scholar clan actually refers to the family, which is the merit and experience of the family from which the family is born, and the combination of the high-ranking families who have been officials for generations and have the power of the family. The clan began in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was most prevalent during the reign of Cao Cao in the Wei and Jin dynasties. The reason for the prevalence of the gate valve family is the nine-product Zhongzheng system implemented during the Cao Wei period.

Due to the fact that the first of the nine products in the formal system only depends on the family background, it has formed a ruling situation in which the upper grades have no cold families and the lower grades have no scholars, which directly leads to the monopoly of the family careers and mutual support through mutual marriage.

From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the royal family attached great importance to supporting the family, especially the four major families of the Lu family, the Qinghe Cui family, the Yingyang Zheng family, and the Taiyuan Wang family in Fanyang at that time. In the late period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the ethnic minorities ruled the Central Plains, which led to the decline of the gate lord clan, but in the Sui and Tang dynasties, due to the division of regions, the family re-emerged, forming four major families. As a result, the so-called five surnames and seven sects were formed at that time.

The perfection of the imperial examination system accelerated the demise of the family gate valve during the Tang Dynasty, the family family even looked down on the imperial family, Tang Xianzong once wanted to choose a son-in-law in the family family, and recruited horses for his daughter, but none of the family members were willing to marry the princess as a wife, but after Tang Taizong Li Shimin ascended the throne, the power of the family became more and more. As his powerful position gradually increased, Tang Li Shimin was deeply aware of the threat of the clan to the imperial power, in order to break the monopoly of the Shi clan. The Tang Dynasty gradually improved the imperial examination system, and selected the best from the poor students to gradually replace the children of the scholars.

The perfection of the imperial examination system is a transition that led to the gradual transition of the gate lord clan to the civil official system, which is also one of the reasons for the decline of the gate lord clan.