Which country will be the first to develop an artificial solar device?

According to Angolan news agency, China's "EAST superconducting tokamak", which aims to explore unlimited and clean nuclear fusion energy, has now entered its final stage. This experimental device, known as the "artificial sun", is expected to be completed in March and April this year, and will officially enter the discharge operation experiment in July and August. Experts said that if the discharge experiment can be successfully completed by then, EAST will be the first such device in the world to be built.

Once China's "EAST superconducting tokamak" test is successful, China will become the first country in the world to build the EAST superconducting nuclear reactor, and then China will have the world's first "artificial sun".

The EAST Superconducting Tokamak project, implemented by the Hefei-based Plasma Research Institute of the Chinese Society for Science, has a total investment of about 300 million yuan (US$37 million) and a total cost of one-fifteenth to one-twentieth of the cost of similar projects in other countries. The new device will be an upgrade of China's first generation of tokamaks called HT-7, which was also built in the 90s by the Hefei Institute of Plasma Physics, making China the fourth country to have such a setup, after Russia, France and Japan. Since 2000, experts have been building a newer, larger, full-superconducting non-circular section tokamak device codenamed EAST on the basis of HT-7.

As an upgraded version of HT-7, EAST can make plasma stable operation time reach more than 16 minutes, can obtain more than 100 million degrees of high temperature, far more than the world's most advanced existing tokamak device, since 2003, the device began to enter the first stage.

For many years, thermonuclear fusion research has been centered around a theme: to achieve controlled nuclear fusion reactions, to create an "artificial sun", to solve the energy needs of mankind once and for all, to replace non-renewable resources such as coal and oil. An experimental device for an "artificial sun" known as a "tokamak" was created:

Deuterium and tritium are extracted from seawater to produce fusion reactions at temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees. The energy released by 1 liter of deuterium and tritium in a complete fusion reaction is equivalent to the thermal energy released by burning 300 liters of gasoline. If the invention of a device that can withstand hundreds of millions of degrees of temperature and can control the fusion of deuterium and tritium to output energy stably and continuously, it is equivalent to inventing an "artificial sun", which can provide unlimited clean energy to mankind.

The success of China's "EAST superconducting tokamak" test will make China the first country in the world to build the EAST superconducting nuclear reactor, and then China will have the world's first "artificial sun".

Because there is a high chance that the sun will disappear after a long time, we need sunlight.

Mainly because solar energy is so important, scientists want to use artificial sunlight to obtain energy.

The experimental results obtained so far are milestones, indicating that China's self-developed neutral beam injection heating system with international advanced level has basically overcome major technical difficulties, and has laid a solid foundation for the neutral beam injection system to be put into EAST physics experiments in 2013.

P=3 104W, I=40A, the output voltage is: U=P I =3 104W 40A =750V T=, the released electric energy is: W=PT=3 104W, and the released electric energy is all for the lighting circuit to power supply, and P lamp=100W, the working time of the bulb is:

T light = w P light = 15000J 100W = 150s So the answer is: 750;

China's "artificial sun" has made another major breakthrough, and if successful, it will permanently solve the energy problem.

On June 9, the first batch of ITER magnet support products undertaken by CNNC was officially delivered in Zunyi, Guizhou, and will be shipped to the ITER site in France, becoming the first batch of basic components to enter the plant and be installed.

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is an experimental reactor jointly built by China, the United States, Russia, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, and India to achieve large-scale fusion reactions to solve the common energy problems faced by mankind. Because its principle is similar to that of the sun, it is also called an "artificial sun".

According to reports, the delivery of the "artificial sun" magnet support product is one of the important structural safety components of ITER, which is responsible for supporting the core device of the entire thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor - magnet, and its quality and progress are related to the operational stability and assembly progress of the entire ITER device. The design and manufacturing requirements of the magnet support are very high not only to carry the weight of a magnet system of 10,000 tons, but also to withstand the harsh working environment under extreme conditions.

From People's Daily Online.

The so-called "artificial sun", that is, the advanced superconducting tokamak experimental device, that is, the construction project of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), is the largest thermonuclear fusion experimental project in the world so far, aiming to imitate the nuclear fusion of the Korean sun on the earth, and use thermonuclear fusion to provide a steady stream of clean energy for mankind. Nuclear fusion energy uses deuterium and tritium as fuel, which has the advantages of safety, cleanliness and unlimited resources, and is a strategic new energy source that ultimately solves the energy problem of China and even all mankind. On February 3, 2016, China's "artificial sun" EAST physics experiment made a major breakthrough, achieving the longest duration of plasma discharge with an electron temperature of 50 million degrees in the world, marking that China continues to be at the forefront of the world in the field of steady-state magnetic confinement fusion research, and the successful construction of EAST has been highly praised by international fusion research experts.

The International Advisory Committee, composed of 29 international experts in the fusion community, pointed out in its evaluation that "EAST is an extraordinary achievement of fusion engineering in the world, an outstanding achievement and an important milestone in the development of fusion energy in the world", and "EAST is currently the only tokamak in operation in the world that uses fully superconducting magnets similar to the upcoming International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)." The successful construction and operation of EAST has laid the foundation for China's equal participation in ITER, a major international cooperation." The 34-member acceptance committee composed of leaders of the National Science and Technology Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Archives Administration, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the National Natural Science Commission and relevant academicians and experts believes that

The EAST superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device project has achieved the original construction goal, and its performance is in the leading position in the world among similar devices. This new generation of fully superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device with China's independent intellectual property rights was successfully built in China, the entire experimental system runs stably and reliably, the host of the device and its important subsystems have reached or exceeded the design indicators, the device has been completed comprehensively and with high quality, creating a good development platform for the development of China's nuclear fusion cause, and also laying a solid foundation for China's full participation in international cooperation projects. Zhang Xiaoqiang, deputy director of the country, said

This is an indispensable and important step in the history of China's fusion development, and it is also an important contribution of Chinese scientists to the development of science and technology in the world. ”<

The artificial small sun is not to create a small sun, but to use the magnetic field to confine the plasma to achieve controllable nuclear fusion, the fusion plasma is separated from the device by a certain distance with the magnetic field so that the wall material can withstand a large amount of heat load, the wall of the device is usually composed of a very thick radiation-proof material and heat-resistant material, and there are liquid heat pipes inside, which absorb heat and drive the steam turbine to generate electricity. At present, it takes at least 10kev to achieve fusion under laboratory conditions, that is, a temperature of about 100 million degrees, and some foreign devices have been close to this value to realize the nuclear fusion of some fusion raw materials, but its power-to-output ratio has not yet reached the requirements, that is to say, the electricity consumed to achieve such a high temperature is less than the electricity generated after heating water and then generating electricity, so it cannot be commercialized. The fusion process will produce a large number of X-rays and neutrons, which will activate the wall of the device and its surrounding materials into radioactive isotopes.

At present, the most commonly used time for each discharge at home and abroad (which can be understood as the fusion reaction time) is only a few minutes, even if fusion can be achieved, such a short time cannot be commercialized at all, and many physical phenomena in the field of fusion have not been clarified, so there are still many problems in various aspects of fusion. The last bit of raw materials, the current raw materials for fusion are deuterium and tritium, tritium is not easy to get, the half-life is 12 years, there is almost no in nature, tritium is mainly produced by neutron bombardment of lithium, and because of its half-life problem is not easy to store, ITER (International Joint Fusion Reactor, the largest fusion device currently under construction) needs a few kilograms of fusion tritium, and the tritium manufacturing of the domestic contracted project can only make grams at present, which is far from being usable. To add a point, our laboratory is a small fusion device, from the results of fusion research, the larger the device, the more conducive to fusion, but the bigger the problem, like the aforementioned ITER, its discharge current is 150mA, once the plasma is extinguished instantly, the damage caused by the current can destroy the device instantly, the summary mainly includes several points:

Materials, radiation protection issues, raw material problems, rupture prevention problems of large installations, and many unsolved physical problems. The TER demonstration reactor will be built at least until 2025 (it was originally said that it will be in 2015), and as for commercial use, it is difficult to say if it has not been studied clearly. Perhaps laser fusion and stellarators are the direction of fusion development, but magnetic confinement fusion has achieved advantageous development in recent decades, but there are many unresolved things.

Faye Wong song: You are waiting for me at the finish line.

Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) components – ITER conductor mission.