Why magnets can only attract ferrous substances

The magnetic force of a magnet is determined by the characteristics of the magnet, if it is explained by the atomic current, it is the magnetic field generated by the electric current that magnetizes other objects, magnetizes the object, magnetizes the object, and the electric field interacts with each other to produce the action of force.

Matter is mostly made up of molecules, which are made up of atoms, which in turn are made up of nuclei and electrons. Inside the atom, the electrons rotate incessantly and revolve around the nucleus. Both of these motions of electrons produce magnetism.

But in most matter, the direction of electron movement is varied and chaotic, and magnetic effects cancel each other out. Therefore, most substances are not magnetic under normal conditions and have no magnetic force to the outside world.

Ferromagnetic substances such as iron, cobalt, nickel or ferrite are different, and the electron spins inside them can be spontaneously arranged in a small area to form a spontaneous magnetization region, which is called a magnetic domain. After the ferromagnetic material is magnetized, the internal magnetic domains are arranged neatly and in the same direction, so that the magnetism is strengthened, and the magnet is formed. The magnet magnetizes the magnet, and the magnetized iron and the magnet have different polarities of attraction, and the iron is firmly "glued" to the magnet.

We say that magnets are magnetic, and magnets have magnetic force.

Refer to "100,000 Whys").

The basic unit of matter is the atom, which is made up of the nucleus and negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus at high speed. Since the electrons rotate around the nucleus, a ring of electric current is formed (we all know that the movement of electrons forms an electric current). The toroidal current forms magnet-like N and S classes on the axis passing through the center of the circle.

But matter is made up of atoms, why are some substances magnetic, and some are not?

Because there are countless atoms in the molecule, if the north and south poles of the atoms are all pointing in the same direction, the object will show magnetism. And if the substance is internal, then the magnetism generated by the atoms cancels each other out, and the substance is not magnetic.

Due to the above reasons, the direction of the north and south poles of the magnetic field generated by the aluminum and copper atoms is chaotic. So though the aluminum and copper atoms themselves are magnetic. But aluminum and copper are made up of tens of thousands of atoms, and because each atom has a different direction of the magnetic field, the magnetic field cancels out (like a plus 1 plus a minus 1).

So it is not magnetic overall.

In the process of magnet attracting iron, there is actually a process of magnetization first, which we cannot see with the naked eye. When the ferrous material is magnetized, there will be a north-south differentiation as a whole. So it's a mutual attraction.

Aluminum-copper materials are very weak to magnetization, so they cannot produce positive and negative polarization. will not be attracted.

Magnets attract iron because there is an interaction between them, i.e., magnetic field and magnetic induction. When an object is in the magnetic field of another object, it is subjected to the "pull" or "thrust" of that object. This is known as magnetic interaction, which is the interaction that occurs between two materials with different properties.

When a piece of steel or other metal is around a permanent magnet, it is held in place by a powerful, concentrated and balanced effect of the distributed, random and asymmetrical tiny atomic structure inside the permanent magnet – the attraction effect.

Magnets can not only attract iron, magnets can generate magnetic fields, and have the property of attracting ferromagnetic substances such as iron, nickel, cobalt and other metals.

The reason why magnetite attracts iron is that under the effect of the external magnetic field, the micro-magnetic field of the iron itself will change along the direction of the magnetic field lines, resulting in a magnetic field that is consistent with the direction of the magnetic field lines outside the magnet. The process of metal being attracted is a process in which the direction of rotation of internal electrons is forcibly changed.

The composition of the magnet is iron, cobalt, nickel and other atoms, and the internal structure of the atoms is relatively special, and it itself has a magnetic moment.

Magnets attract iron because there is an interacting magnetic force between them. Physically, this is a force called "interaction" that creates a force of attraction between two or more objects at a finite distance. When one of the objects is a gas with a positive and negative charge (such as iron oxide), this causes the other object, a metal with a positive and negative charge molecule, to be induced and attract to it.