What is the research trend of rural financial system reform abroad?

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1. For the rural financial system, the most important function is to convert rural surplus funds into rural savings, and then transform rural savings into rural investment.

China's rural financial system has been relatively successful in converting surplus funds from rural areas into savings, but rural savings have been hampered in the process of transforming into rural investment, and a relatively large amount of funds from rural areas have flowed out of rural areas. Therefore, the biggest problem facing China's rural finance at present is the outflow of rural funds. The current situation of converting idle funds into rural savings, the high savings rate of peasants in China, and the relatively high savings rate of peasants in our country have a relatively large savings capacity, and the higher savings rate is the fundamental reason why rural financial institutions are able to absorb a large amount of deposits, and this has laid the foundation and provided the possibility for the outflow of rural funds.

The conversion of rural savings into rural investment is mainly manifested in loans, and the loans obtained from agriculture are not commensurate with the contribution of agriculture to the national economy. Although China's rural loans have increased by a relatively large margin, the support rate is low compared with the contribution of agriculture to the national economy and the loans received by other industries.

Thirty years have passed since reform and opening up, and the relative share of agricultural loans has not only not improved in any way, but has also shown a trend of continuous expansion. Without giving full play to the due support of the rural financial system for agriculture, China's agricultural loans still have huge potential. Rural deposits are larger than loans, and the gap between rural deposits and rural loans is not only getting bigger and bigger, but the growth rate is markedly accelerating, and the amount of deposits and loans is increasing year by year, and the outflow of funds is serious.

Compared with industrial cities and residential cities, the comparative interests of agriculture are low, peasants' incomes are low, rural residences are scattered, and transportation is inconvenient, resulting in unprofitable loans to agricultural peasant households and rural enterprises, and even losses, and the branches of some commercial banks are unable to extend to remote rural areas, or even withdraw from the vast rural areas, resulting in a very slow development of rural finance.

At present, China's financial system lacks a sufficient mechanism to avoid agricultural natural risks and market risks. Because agriculture is often faced with huge natural risks and changing market risks, if there is no corresponding avoidance mechanism or the avoidance mechanism is not perfect, it is often agricultural producers and their relevant participants who have to face huge and unbearable natural and market risks. As a rational choice, the agricultural participants concerned will reduce their input to agriculture, and rural financial institutions will reduce their lending to agriculture accordingly.

The imperfection of the rural social credit system makes it difficult for rural financial institutions to understand the credit status of rural enterprises and individuals, resulting in the prevalence of opportunism such as adverse selection and moral hazard in the process of rural credit. The small scale of rural financial institutions and the large risks are large, and the phenomenon of concentration of savings deposits in large banks is quite conspicuous, which restricts the development of small and medium-sized financial institutions in rural areas and also leads to the outflow of a large amount of rural funds.

In response to the negative effects of the financial crisis, such as economic contraction and increased unemployment, there are mainly the following policy measures, which should be said to be related to the national macroeconomic objectives in the four aspects of economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and balance of payments, and will have a positive impact:

1) Monetary policy has been adjusted in a timely manner since July 2008. Adjust the hedging intensity in the open market, successively suspend the issuance of 3-year ** bank bills, reduce the frequency of issuance of 1-year and 3-month ** bank bills, guide the issuance rate of **bank bills to fall appropriately, and ensure liquidity**.

2) Accommodative monetary policy. In September, October, November and December, the benchmark interest rate was lowered consecutively, the reserve requirement ratio was lowered, the deposit reserve ratio was reduced, and the benchmark loan interest rate was reduced, with the aim of increasing the amount of money in the market and expanding investment and consumption.

3) On October 27, 2008, a 7% discount on the interest rate of the first housing loan was also implemented; Support residents to purchase ordinary owner-occupied housing and improved ordinary housing for the first time.

4) The restriction on the credit planning of commercial banks has been abolished.

5) Adhere to differential treatment, maintain pressure, and encourage financial institutions to increase loans for disaster area reconstruction, "three rural", small and medium-sized enterprises, etc.

6) Promote foreign **: The import and export industry is the first to be affected, and there are many employees (according to statistics, it has reached 100 million people). The first is to increase export tax rebates; Second, the appreciation of the renminbi is a means to increase the competitiveness of exports;

7) Foreign economic cooperation and coordination (such as currency swaps between China, Japan and South Korea, etc.).

The above are the main monetary policies, other policies.

1) Loose fiscal policy: reduce taxes (the reduction of the transaction tax and the abolition of the interest tax have been implemented), expand the expenditure (4,000 billion to stimulate domestic demand is being implemented);

2) Promote foreign **: The import and export industry is the first to be affected, and there are many employees (according to statistics, it has reached 100 million people). The first is to increase export tax rebates; Second, the appreciation of the renminbi is a means to increase the competitiveness of exports;

3) Reducing the burden on enterprises: adjustment of labor laws, etc.;

4) Strengthen public financial expenditures on social security, medical care, and other aspects, and maintain a stable environment for social and economic development.

5) Industrial revitalization plan.

The problem is too big, so let's talk about a few briefs.

The purpose of China's rural financial reform is to adapt to the development of the market economy and better serve the local economy and the rural economy. In recent years, the trend of China's rural financial reform has been developing in the direction of standardization, intensification, and high efficiency.

The China Banking Regulatory Bureau and the People's Bank of China have guided and regulated rural financial institutions to gradually realize the process of completing their internal control mechanisms, improving their corporate governance institutions, and improving the types and categories of services. Rural credit cooperatives should be restructured into rural commercial banks to better serve the local economy and farmers.

Through the development of electronic technology and the construction of their own systems, the gap between rural financial institutions and other commercial banks has been narrowed, and from a certain point of view, the gap between urban and rural areas has been narrowed, and it has contributed to a harmonious society.

There are others ...