I want to learn Naxi 100, I want to learn Naxi

Old Town of Lijiang - Simple Naxi

I've been to the streets. Nice place. The most simple for the people. Knowing a little bit and hoping it can help you! .

Kumotoson--- Thank you Accord West Agu class - is there anyone at home? He --- can he --- a certain can not Manny Duoduo--- see you later Toilet is any --- excuse me, the toilet is in **? Uncle Arrow--- Recognize the class?

How much (money) pls ...

The Naxi language belongs to the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and is related to the Yi, Susu and Hani languages. "Dongba"It is a Tibetan loanword, which means in Naxi language"Wise man", specifically referring to the Dongba priests. "Dongba"Integrating witchcraft, medicine, art and craftsman, it is the main inheritor of Naxi culture.

Dongba crafts are divided into straw weaving, sculpture, flower tie, paper-cutting several categories, with simple, clumsy, vivid and natural artistic characteristics, known as the treasures collected by the cultural and artistic circles.

Dongba sculpture art is reflected in the production of puppets, face puppets, clay puppets and wood carvings. The puppets carved from trees are the models used by Dongba in making clay puppets of gods and ghosts used in religious ceremonies, and more than 30 pieces have been collected. The Dongba people all have a pair of skillful hands with artistic spirituality, all of them can carve and shape, and the various puppets carved out of them, some seem to be contemplative, some seem to raise their hands to look into the distance, and some open their mouths are about to sing, and the appearance is strange.

Dongba puppets wear hats and beads on their chests, sit upright, with rough silhouettes and strong lines.

In more than 30 rituals of the Dongba religion, the face puppets of gods, ghosts and animals are used, and it is kneaded with barley flour or barley flour, and there are about 200 in total. The dough puppets are usually made on the night before the religious ceremony, and hundreds of them can be made in one dongba night. Each face puppet has a fixed image and has a different demeanor.

In the ritual activities, the god face puppet is placed on the upper altar, and the ghost face puppet is placed in the ghost village below. The shape of the same type of ghost puppet is also different from each other, such as a snake head, a chicken head, a cow head, a horse head, a sheep head, and so on. In addition, there are clay figurines made of clay.

These clay puppets are all hand-made by Dongba and made in one go, with simple and bright aesthetic characteristics. The most commendable thing about Dongba face puppets, clay puppets and puppet works is that the author does not pay attention to depicting the realistic resemblance of the outside of the image, but uses the overall freehand technique, such as the eyes are like two holes that are randomly sunken, and the outline of the mouth is only like a slightly open slit, which looks very simple from a local point of view, but if you look at it as a whole, the whole shape gives people a very special feeling.

This is it! Oh, friends!

Hehe, come to Lijiang as Dongba!

And Yujiang, come and learn Naxi dialect!

This is the standard Dayan Ancient City accent haha

Xu Laben of the rebuke Ni is one (nothing happens today).

Huhu Lao Lao Benzhi's horse work words (swaying to go shopping on the street) into the beginning of the Ni Fierce and Shengou Yican, this Zhuoba (from selling pasture down to the big stone bridge), Zhuo Gu Xing's enemy's hometown, Wu called Tezixiu (an old man sitting on the bridge with an eagle), the son of drinking and the power of victory, Gu Ben Lao (eat fried cold noodles and go to Sifang Street), Mao Lengte and the power of victory, Gu Ben Lao (drink butter tea, go to Sifang Street), An and Zhengla's power Gu Ben Lao (drink and go to Sifang Street).

Ordered to be the power of Hola Guben Lao (pull the object also to the square street).

Belch... Euroo milk's Hua Ben Wo is hot and Niyong (the old man and the old lady are dancing), Ha Ba Na Mi Haila beats Datro Hugh (Han people and foreigners are watching from the side), if you are stained with a photobook, you are reprimanded to live in this (riding a horse and taking pictures).

The whistle of the branch is from Shi Lenghou (yelling and yelling to death).

Do a few things, do a few manlu meni gods (let's go, let's go, don't look back).

Do a few dry ni per ancient dwelling (let's go, let's go to the west).

Ben Lao Ben Lao Wu Ancient Battlements (Let's go, let's go, Lion Rock).

Ben Lao Ben Lao archway over (let's go, let's go to the archway lane).

Uh, Buzi Ou Lao, uh, Mengtang, Wu Baowa (Complement, Ou Lao Lane, below Xinhua Street), Wu Bao Uh, Bar, Xingjiang Baiyoumei (there are so many people in the bar on Xinhua Street), Bar Luo, five sisters, reprimanded Gu Ju Lu Mengta (the little sister in the bar, don't look at me), when the sun fruit reprimanded Gu Gan Hu Lao (hurry up to greet the drunk), Ji Teli Gong Lu Jin (dizzy after drinking).

Ijite Lixing Shinu (popular after drinking).

Anji Liji ancient knife (drank wine and went to the clouds).

Anjiteli City Xingyu reprimanded (life is cool after drinking).

Belch... Do a few wins, Yulong Bridge cold soil (walk, walk, to Yulong Bridge), enter the worker, Ben Nico, cold Wow Xiu (dizzy, just after half a day), the day is a good son, Keke five grams (drinking, eating, hawks, and dogs).

The law is not so beautiful, and Luo Xing and Yu Jiang reprimanded Youmou (it seems that life is really beautiful), and the characteristics are one Ni Ren Gou Ben (and then where to go).

Feature: The Ni people don't deer (and then where do they go).

Feature: One Ni Kannon Hall (and then go to Kannon Hall).

Feature 1: Nylon King Temple (and then go to Black Dragon Pond).

Xu Dawa of Ren Geben fierce melon (go to ** it's all the same).

Xingni Li dismantled Shengrentu Menggua demolition (as long as people are cool to ** are cool) when Shou Nizi Ruozi lives Gua Gua is not (go and invite a good partner).

The history of Zizi's work is not hard (let's discuss doing something).

You can learn from your wife.

Naxi language, the language of the Naxi people, is an independent branch language of the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman Pihengju language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and has a very close kinship with the Yi language, Hani language and Lahu language.

This paragraph mainly introduces the phonetics and Naxi spelling of the local language of Dayan Town. D, t, dd, n, l and u, ee, e are pronounced as tongue rolls. zh, ch, rh, sh, r are only spelled with u, ee, e, er, and only when they are spelled with ee and er do they appear opposed to the gingival sound.

Gingival and soft palatal sounds are not opposed in the native language. The zero initial is actually a guttural sound [h] or [ ].

The western dialects Lijiangba Tu and Baoshan Tu have two sets of voiced plosives and voiced stops with and without nasal crowns. These two sets of consonants have been merged in other Turkish languages: in Dayanzhen native languages it is voiced with a nasal crown, and in the eastern dialects it is voiced without a nasal crown.

There are 11 single finals in Dayanzhen: i i, u u, iu y, ei e, ai, a ɑ, o o, e, er, ee, v v. There are also some complex vowels composed of prepositions and vowels, which are mainly used in loanwords.

Like pinyin, Naxi syllables should not start with i or u, but should be preceded by y and w. (1) Gao Ping 55, l

2) Zhongping 33, not standard.

3) Low drop 31,q

4) Low rise 13,f, native language is rarely used, mainly used in the early borrowed Chinese phonetic characters.

Modern Chinese loanwords are generally borrowed from the Southwest Mandarin, where the Yinping and Shangsheng correspond to the 2nd tone of Naxi language, the 3rd tone of Yangping, and the 1st tone of the Desheng dialect.

The characteristics of Naxi language in terms of phonetics are: the consonants are distinct and voiced, among which there are more voiced consonants; The finals are dominated by single sounds, with fewer compound vowels, and the vowels are often not tight. Linguists used the Naxi language of Lijiangba, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province as a model for statistics, with a total of 39 initials and 22 finals.

The tones of Naxi can generally be divided into four types: high flat, medium flat, low descending and low rising. In terms of grammar, word order and particle collocation are the main means of forming syntax, and the basic order of sentence components is: "subject-predicate" or "subject-object-predicate".

In the vocabulary of the Naxi language, measure words appear to be more abundant.

The Naxi language can be divided into two dialect regions, eastern and western. The eastern dialect area refers to the Naxi inhabited area east of the Jinsha River, represented by the language of the Mosuo people on the shore of Lugu Lake on the border between Yunnan and Sichuan, and about 50,000 people speak this eastern dialect. The western dialect area includes the entire Naxi residential area west of the Jinsha River, represented by the language of Dayan Town, Lijiang County, Yunnan Province, which is spoken by about 250,000 people.

The so-called Naxi language is based on the western dialect as the basic dialect, and the vernacular of Dayan Town, Lijiang County is the standard pronunciation point. People belonging to the eastern and western dialect regions have difficulty in speaking, mainly because there are certain differences in many words due to differences in geographical environment and living customs. Linguists have extracted more than 1,500 words from the common vocabulary of the two dialects for comparison, and found that there are only about 900 cognate words, accounting for about 60%, while non-cognate words reach nearly 600, accounting for about 40%.

Even those cognates differ in terms of pronunciation in terms of phonemes and pitches. In recent years, although the relevant departments have formulated a set of Naxi scripts on the basis of the western dialects, due to various complex reasons, even in the western dialect areas, the scope of use is quite narrow.

The Naxi language is divided into spoken Naxi language and written Naxi language (i.e., Dongba script, also known as Naxi hieroglyphs). The spoken Naxi language is relatively simple, generally using 2 or 3 syllables as a word, while the written language is mainly monophonic.

The Naxi people are a people with a long history, and in this area where the Naxi people live in the area called the "ancient country of pictographs", the unique hieroglyphs created by the Naxi people not only created a brilliant ancient civilization, but also enriched the ancient culture of the Naxi people and even China. On July 28, a reporter from Life Daily who visited 56 ethnic groups deeply felt that the Naxi people have always been proud to have this unique script. According to some data, the Naxi are the only ethnic group in the world that still uses hieroglyphs.

According to legend, one day in ancient times, there was a sudden blue search for water, and only one person named Chongren Lien survived the catastrophe for the rest of his life, and fell in love at first sight with the daughter of the god Lao Apu. The red and white led Chongren Lien to heaven, but Zhilao Apu resolutely opposed the marriage and came up with the idea of killing Chongren Lien. Zhilao Apu asked Chongren Lien to cross the ladder barefoot, and asked him to cut down 99 forests in one day, burn all the felled trees in one day, sow seeds in the ground of the 99 felled forests in one day, and take back all the seeds in one day.

But Zhilao Apu didn't expect that Chongren Lien was the lineage of 9 male gods who opened the heavens and 7 goddesses who opened the earth, he was a descendant of the clan who didn't know how to get tired after climbing 99 mountains in a row, and didn't need to rest in 77 deep valleys, and no one could be defeated if he couldn't die. When all the tricks of Zhilao Apu were exhausted, he had no choice but to marry his daughter to Chongren Lien. So, the husband and wife came to the land and lived a life of farming.

Soon, they had three Enheng brothers. When these three brothers grew up, they couldn't talk about their remorse. Later, after worshipping the Father and the Mother, the three brothers spoke, but their words were different, the eldest brother spoke Tibetan, which later developed into the Tibetan people today; The second child speaks Naxi and gradually develops into the Naxi people; The third child spoke Bai language, and then developed into the Bai nationality.

Although the legend is too romantic, it shows that the Naxi language is inextricably linked to Bai, Tibetan and other languages. <>

The Naxi language is divided into two dialects, the western and the eastern. In most areas of the western dialects, there are four types of consonants: p, ph, b, mb, 堭, 堭h, 扷, n, etc., and the fricatives are mostly distinct and voiced, and the nasal sounds are generally m, n, 嬜, 怱. The vowels are i, y, e, a, ɑ, o, u, lu, pair, and pair.

There can be up to 44 consonants and up to 12 vowels. Grammatically, the "subject-object-predicate verb order" is generally used. If you use an auxiliary that indicates the subject and object, there can be 7 different sentence forms.

Adjectives are used as modifiers, usually after the modifier, and if the modifier ɡ is added after the modifier adjective, the adjective has to be moved before the noun. Such as bɑbɑ (flower), xy (red) d lu (a) bɑ (flower) (a red flower), xyɡ to bɑbɑd (red flower). The verb is preceded by a dynamic particle to indicate the mood of the action, such as adding le to indicate the fluidity of the action, mainly moving on a flat or inclined plane, adding a ɡ pair to indicate the dynamic from the bottom up, adding the the or e to indicate the beginning of the action, and adding e to indicate doubt.

Adding me after the verb causes the following to be a match, adding me in the middle of the verb and noun means that the former modifies the latter, ne is used after the verb to indicate the continuation of the action, and i is used after the verb to indicate that the speaker personally sells and rents to see this action. se is used after the verb to indicate the realization and completion of the action. There are many more such particles.

The original pictorial, pictographic, and syllabic scripts of the Naxi people. In 1957, a new script for the Latin alphabet was created, which is now being piloted under the revised scheme.