Be alert to the 5 routes of transmission of haemorrhagic fever, and what are these 5 routes?

The first route is transmitted by some parasites in mice. The second route is through excreta. The third way is to be bitten by a rat and then spread.

The fourth way is to come into direct contact with rats without gloves. The fifth route is respiratory transmission.

These five pathways are mainly respiratory, digestive, contact transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and insect vector transmission, and the transmission speed is also relatively fast.

Bacterial contact transmission, digestive tract transmission, respiratory transmission, parasitic virus transmission in mice, mother-to-child transmission.

The modes of transmission include excreta transmission, contact transmission, saliva transmission, insect vector transmission, and respiratory transmission.

The main transmission of epidemic haemorrhagic fever is animal-derived transmission, and the virus can be excreted through the blood, saliva, urine and feces of the host animal, and the direct transmission from rodents to humans is an important way of human infection.

The host animals and sources of infection are mainly small rodents, including wild mice and house mice. The disease is caused by the epidemic haemorrhagic fever virus (hantavirus), a natural epidemic disease with rodents as the main source of infection. The main clinical manifestations were fever, hemorrhage, congestion, hypotensive shock and renal damage.

It is generally not contagious from person to person, and most of it is transmitted through urine, defecation, blood, animals, and rats.

I think there are blood-borne, airborne, physical, oral, and sexually transmitted. So I think people are going to be contagious with each other.

It is a disease caused by bacteria found in rats and is not contagious. There have been cases of hemorrhagic fever in many places in Xi'an, which also makes many citizens feel very alarmed, hemorrhagic fever is a relatively serious disease, which will endanger human health. The reason why hemorrhagic fever poses a certain threat to human health is not because his condition is too severe, but because it is a contagious disease, although it is not transmitted from person to person, it can be transmitted from rat to person.

This disease is mainly caused by hantavirus, and it is easy to contract this disease if you accidentally come into contact with mouse feces, blood or accidentally bitten by rats in your life. Patients with hemorrhagic fever usually have headaches, fevers, redness, congestion, and if the condition is more severe, there is a high risk of shock. Therefore, in daily life, we must pay attention to the prevention of hemorrhagic fever.

If you want to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever, it is necessary to cut off the source of infection, because this virus comes from rats, so everyone must do a good job of rodent and rodent prevention in daily life. <>

Maintain the hygiene of the home, usually after eating takeout must be thrown away in time, do not stay at home, otherwise it is easy to attract mice. Usually do not touch the mice with your hands when you see them, and if you accidentally touch them, you must disinfect them in time. It is best not to go outdoors, and if you have to go outdoors, you must take protective measures.

Although it is not possible to get infected by normal communication, the disease can be transmitted through bodily fluids, so it is important to protect yourself in your daily life. <>

Moreover, this disease is generally more common in young adults, but there will be antibodies after the attack. However, you should still pay attention in your daily life and never come into close contact with wild animals such as rats. It is also necessary to ensure personal hygiene, change bed sheets and bedding frequently, and open windows often for ventilation.

This is a fever-contagious disease, it is contagious, and the contagion rate of this disease is quite high, and it is spread through person-to-person contact.

is a contagious disease; It is easily contagious because the disease is transmitted through bodily fluids, and saliva splashes are inevitable between people.

It is a disease that mainly affects rats, and it is a natural epidemic disease that is not contagious from person to person.

The route of transmission of the disease has not yet been fully understood. There may be two of the following.

1.In the 40s, Japanese scholars observed that the dominant parasite Dermatoderma parasitic on the body of the haddock rat has the ability to bite and suck blood, and the leather mite is made into a suspension and injected into the human body, which can produce typical clinical manifestations of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, so it is proposed that the leather mite is one of the vectors for the transmission of this disease. In recent years, the virus has been isolated from the body of the mite, and it has been confirmed that the virus can be passed through eggs in the mite, becoming one of the storage hosts.

Leather mites can be transmitted from rat to rat by biting and sucking blood, and it is also one of the ways to spread the disease between rats and humans. Lee Ho-wang et al. of South Korea have studied the transmission effect of leather mites, but the above results have not been confirmed. It has been proposed that chigger mites are vectors of the disease, and the virus has been isolated from Chigger mites in small shields.

2.Transmission from animal sources.

In recent years, foreign studies have confirmed that the disease can be transmitted through poisonous rat excrement, which has attracted attention.

1) Respiratory transmission: On the 10th day after infection, the virus begins to be excreted in the saliva, urine and feces of the haddock rat, and the urine excretion time can be as long as more than 1 year. Toxic excreta can contaminate dust and cause illness when inhaled through the respiratory tract.

2) Digestive tract transmission: Ingestion of food or water contaminated with rat excreta has been reported to cause illness, and there have also been cases of eating the same food and causing a large number of people to become ill. The virus can enter the body through a broken oral mucosa and cause illness.

3) Contact transmission: The report of morbidity caused by infection caused by the feces of infected rats or the contamination and damage of blood specimens of infected rats** and mucous membranes has attracted attention, but the chance of such infection is less after all, and it cannot be used as the main mode of transmission.

In addition, the virus was also found to be isolated in the liver, kidneys, lungs and other organs of aborted and stillborn babies of sick pregnant women, as well as in fetal mice such as haddock rats and brown rats in epidemic areas. These results indicated that the virus could be transmitted vertically through the placenta, and the vertical transmission of the virus among rodents had certain significance for maintaining the natural epidemic site, but its epidemiological significance in humans was small.

In summary, it can be seen that hemorrhagic fever can be transmitted through a variety of ways, but further research is needed to determine which one is dominant.

The main sources of infection include rodents, insectivores, hagomorphs, carnivores and artiodactyls, etc., but the main host animals in different regions are different, and different types of hantaviruses have their relatively fixed host rodent species. At present, the main hosts and sources of infection in China are the wild haddock rat and the domestic-based brown rat, followed by the domestic-based mus mouse, yellow-breasted rat, wild-dwelling yellow mouse, large hamster and haddock hamster, as well as the forest-dwelling Haddock rat and the small Haddock rat, in addition to the brown-backed and red-backed rats.

Mode of transmission: At present, it is believed that the transmission mode of haemorrhagic fever is multi-pathway, but the transmission mode is mainly zoonotic. 1 Respiratory transmission:

Inhalation of aerosols from feces and secretions (urine, feces, saliva) of rodents carrying the virus is thought to be the primary mode of transmission. 2**Mucosal transmission: The excrement and secretions of rodents carrying viruses invade the human body from broken ** or mucous membranes.

3. Digestive tract transmission: Hantavirus can survive in water and food for a long time, and water and food contaminated with hantavirus may invade the human body through the mucous membrane of the mouth or digestive tract. 4 Media Communication:

Virus-carrying leather mites and chigger mites can also transmit hemorrhagic fever when they bite humans. Leather mites mainly include Phyllum hematides, S. strum mites, Y. jircephalus, M. palatatine hairy mites, Avian spiny mites etc., and Chigger mites are mainly Chigger mites of small shields. 5 Vertical Propagation:

Pregnant women can pass the virus to their babies through the placenta.

Epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF), also known as renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever (HFRS), is a natural epidemic disease with rats as the main source of infection.

There are 5 modes of transmission, including respiratory transmission, digestive transmission, contact transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and insect vector transmission.

In China, 53 species of animals have been found to carry the disease, mainly rodents such as haddock rats, Dalin rats, brown rats, etc., and humans are not the main source of infection.

Clinical symptoms include fever, shock, congestive hemorrhage, and acute renal damage. The incubation period ranges from 4 to 46 days, usually 7 to 14 days, and is more than 2 weeks.

Typical is the febrile phase, hypotensive shock phase, oliguric phase, polyuria phase, and convalescent phase 5 stages.

The virus can be excreted through the blood, saliva, urine and feces of rodents, and the direct transmission of rodents is an important route of human infection. At present, it is believed that the infection mode of epidemic hemorrhagic fever is multi-pathway, and there can be the following: (1) respiratory transmission Poisonous rodent excreta (such as urine, feces, saliva, etc.) can contaminate dust, and people may be infected after respiratory inhalation.

2) Digestive tract transmission After eating food or water contaminated with poisonous rodent excrement, the virus can enter the body through the damaged oral mucosa or gastrointestinal mucosa, causing illness. (3) Contact transmission If you are bitten or wounded by a rat with the virus, the virus can enter the human body and cause infection. If the membrane is damaged, contact with the patient's blood specimen can also lead to infection.

4) Mother-to-child transmission After a pregnant woman is infected with hemorrhagic fever, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. (5) Insect vector transmission through parasitic transmission in rats. Leather pupae have the ability to bite and suck blood.