Ebola haemorrhagic fever What are the transmission routes and control points of Marburg haemorrhagic

First, adhere to the people-oriented principle and make every effort to treat patients.

Second, adhere to scientific response and strengthen scientific research.

Third, adhere to prevention and control in accordance with the law, and improve laws and regulations.

Fourth, adhere to joint prevention and control and strengthen international cooperation.

Fifth, adhere to openness and transparency, and release information on the epidemic in a timely and accurate manner.

Sixth, adhere to mutual benefit and win-win results, and strengthen international cooperation and exchanges.

Seventh, we insist on respecting the sovereignty of all countries and safeguarding international public health security.

Peace mode, joint efforts.

The Ebola virus outbreak began in Guinea in December 2013. At present, the epidemic has spread to four countries, including Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. WHO said on August 11 local time that 1,848 infected cases have been registered so far, including suspected and confirmed cases, of which 1,013 have died.

This is the worst Ebola outbreak ever recorded.

1.Infection.

Ebola virus is a zoonotic pathogen. Throughout central and southern Africa, there are different species of fruit bats that can carry the virus. Human-to-human transmission can cause outbreaks, often starting from wildlife banks to humans, and variants of the virus are genetically identical, similar to the current outbreaks in West Africa.

According to the latest information, the initial person in the outbreak was a 2-year-old boy who contracted the Ebola virus through contact with bats.

2.Mode of transmission.

The Ebola virus cannot be transmitted by droplets, so it is not as contagious as measles or the flu. People with measles or influenza can spread the virus before they develop symptoms, and people infected with Ebola virus are contagious only after they develop symptoms.

Direct contact with secretions from infected people, such as saliva, is an essential route of Ebola virus transmission. But the Ebola virus cannot be spread by coughing or sneezing, nor by casual contact. It is transmitted through the patient's secretions such as vomit, diarrhea, or blood, and can also be transmitted through direct contact.

It can also be transmitted through direct contact with the saliva, sweat, and tears of the patient.

3.Susceptible population.

Since only those symptomatic patients are contagious. The virus is mainly infected by health care workers who care for patients, as well as family members who have close contact with patients. Another way to get infected is by family members who dispose of the carcasses, as well as those who eat fruit bats, antelopes or other animals that may be infected with the virus.

The incubation period after Ebola virus infection in humans is 2 to 21 days, and most patients become critically ill after 8 to 9 days of infection. Once infected, the patient develops symptoms within 1 to 2 days.

Clinical patients may present with systemic poisoning symptoms such as high fever, headache, sore throat, and arthralgia, followed by severe vomiting and diarrhea. Coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia can occur within 24 to 48 hours, resulting in nasal or intraoral bleeding with hemorrhagic blisters. Within 3 to 5 days, renal failure develops and results in multi-organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation with significant fluid loss.