What do you need to pay attention to when pruning apple trees in winter? What are the key points?

Apple tree pruning in winter needs to pay attention to not leaving oblique stubble, many fruit farmers inadvertently leave oblique stubble when pruning, it is easy to cause the stubble is not easy to heal, the point is to turn over the small stubble.

The best time to prune is from mid-January to early March. When pruning, it is common to prune varieties that germinate early and mature early. Moreover, strong trees are generally nutritious and can be cut early. Young trees should be pruned late. There are also trees that are damaged by pests and diseases should also be pruned late.

In winter, pruning apple trees should cut off the large branches, leaving small branches, so that the fruits will be better in the future, and cut off the downward and upward branches, and after cutting, sterilize and disinfect the cutting edge to prevent the branches from rotting.

<> the current pruning of apple trees advocates a combination of summer pruning and winter pruning, but summer pruning is only an auxiliary, mainly in winter pruning, and the shaping of the tree shape and the adjustment of the tree posture also depend on winter pruning to adjust. Winter pruning of apple trees is a conscious, artificial intervention or coercive management method in the orchard of fruit trees, according to the growth trend of apple trees and the ecological effects that apple trees need to achieve at the beginning of the year. If it is a young apple tree, the main purpose of pruning is to determine the shape of the tree to promote growth.

In the early pruning of apple trees, we must leave more branches, of course, this is based on reasonable pruning and pulling branches, which can increase the amount of branches and leaves of apple trees, and promote the growth and fruiting of fruit trees. It can promote the growth of branch buds on branches, improve the ventilation and light transmission of the tree, enhance photosynthesis, and promote the formation of flower buds. In the case of large number of branches in apple orchard and crowded branches, thinning is the most direct way to speed up tree transformation, reduce branch quantity, improve fruit quality and promote yield.

Strong trees can be placed in the next year before germination pruning, so that the excess branches consume nutrients, so as to achieve the purpose of slowing the momentum, no matter how to prune, the purpose of winter pruning must be controlled, adjust the skeleton; It also depends on the size of the tree, to do for different trees, there are different pruning methods, according to the growth of branches, prune out the corresponding tree shape, the angle is unreasonable to pull the angle. The growth and fruiting performance of fruit trees are the yardsticks to measure the correct application of pruning techniques.

Winter pruning of apple trees affects the yield and quality of the following year to a certain extent, so it is particularly important to master the "heat" of apple tree winter pruning. It is necessary to fully understand the pruning physiology of fruit trees, as well as the correct use of apple branch phase law and branch bud heterogeneity. Then, combined with the site conditions, garden varieties, planting density, growth and cultivation management level of different orchards, flexible pruning methods can be adopted to achieve correct pruning and reasonable adjustment.

The pruning of apple trees should be selected after the fall of leaves to the budding period, winter is just the stage of stagnation and growth of apple trees, it is necessary to pay attention to the different ages of fruit trees and whether it is the first fruit to build different requirements, the first fruit to be less and light construction, the growth of large trees to cut off small branches and branches.

The most commonly used method of fruit tree winter pruning, popularly speaking, is to thin out the branches that are not conducive to the growth of fruit trees, play a role in balancing the tree potential, mainly to remove too dense branches, solve the problem of fruit tree canopy and poor closure, and timely remove dry branches of the third year of young trees, mainly in pruning is a pull branch, after the winter pruning is completed, it is necessary to wait until April to May of the next year to pull the branches, some fruit farmers and friends will pull the branches directly when they are cut in winter, this is also completely okay.

(1) Thinning: Thinning is also known as thinning, that is, thinning the perennial branches that live for 1 year from the base. What it does:

Adjust the shoot density, promote the growth potential of shoot buds and flower bud formation at the back of the cut, and reduce nutrient consumption and annual fruiting. At the young stage, the strong competitive branches and the dorsal erect branches were mainly thinned. 1. Look at the age of the tree: the amount of pruning of young trees and early fruiting trees should be small, the degree should be light, and attention should be paid to cultivating the tree shape and fruiting branch group; Trees in the peak fruiting period should be re-pruned appropriately, and attention should be paid to rotating the fruiting branch groups. During the senescence period, the tree was re-pruned, the fruiting branch group was renewed, and the tree was reinvigorated.

2. Look at the amount of flower buds: the amount of flower buds is large, the amount of pruning is large, the degree is appropriately aggravated, and the ratio of flowers and leaf buds is strictly controlled at about 1:20; Small trees with few flower buds are light and leave more flowers; Branches and shoot groups without flower buds were re-pruned to update the fruiting shoot groups.

3. Look at the tree potential: the strong and prosperous trees are lightly pruned, go straight and strong, leave the side in the middle, and promote the formation of flower buds; Weak trees are re-pruned, weakened and renewed; 4. Look at the variety: strong germination and branching power, such as red Fuji, Guoguang, etc., more sparse and less cut, leaving mediocre branches.

Prune dead branches: Cut off dead branches and branches showing signs of drying out from the apple tree in winter. Thinning and pruning dense branches:

Thinning dense branches is conducive to saving nutrients. Truncated long branches: Cut off one or one-third of the long branches.

Precautions: After pruning, the dead branches and fallen leaves on the ground should be removed to destroy the overwintering environment of germs and pests.

1. Prune dead branches

The apple tree has strong cold tolerance, but in order to improve the survival rate and cold resistance of the plant, after entering the winter, it should be pruned, and the dried branches on the apple tree should be cut off with sterilized scissors to reduce nutrient consumption, and the branches with signs of drying on the surface should be cut off together, and such branches can not overwinter normally.

2. Thinning and pruning dense branches

If the branches of the apple tree are too dense, it will affect the ventilation between the plants, and it will also affect the germination and growth of new branches in the next year, so when pruning in winter, the branches that grow too densely on the apple tree should be thinned to reduce the number of sprouts of the branches, so that the plants can store nutrients for the next year's fruit development.

3. Truncated long branches

If there are more branches growing too long on the apple tree, it will limit the germination of branches, reduce the fruiting rate and reduce the quality of the fruit, so it is necessary to cut off one-half or one-third of the branches that grow too long to inhibit the apical dominance and promote the growth of branches, and apply a healing agent after pruning to help the wound heal.

4. Precautions

In addition to pruning apple trees in winter, after pruning is completed, the dry branches and leaves that fall from the ground should also be removed and burned, so as not to hide in the dead branches of germs or pests, and harm the apple trees again in the second year, and when pruning apple trees, the leaves can not be cut together, it is best to keep the leaves, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of the plant.

1. Apple trees are pruned in winter, usually in November and December, and attention should be paid to pruning the characteristics of different varieties of germination. Red Fuji and other varieties germinate late and mature late, so they should be pruned later; Varieties such as Xiushui, which germinate late, need to be pruned last.

2. The pruning of apple trees should be timely, pruning too early, the nutrients on the branches can not flow back to the trunk of the big branches, and some nutrients will be lost during pruning; Pruning too late and the temperature rises, some of the nutrients on the trunk of the large branches will flow into the branches, and pruning too early or too late will deplete some nutrients and weaken the growth nutrients of the apple tree. Therefore, when pruning, it is necessary to choose the right time appropriately according to factors such as variety, tree potential, and tree age.

3. Pruning method: When pruning the apple tree, first cut off the withered branches on the apple tree, cut off all the branches that have not all withered, and cut off all the branches of diseased insects. Only healthy and thick branches are left, and some of the densely distributed and dense branches are also pruned and thinned.

The seedling stage is mainly truncated and topped, and healthy and thick branches are retained. For shoots that are more than one year old, appropriate stubbing is also required.

How to plant apple trees:

1. Generally, it is best to plant apples in spring, and the weather in spring is the most suitable. Choose a place to grow apples with plenty of light, as the absence of sunlight can have a great impact on apple growth.

2. In the process of planting, add some water in the pit, and then put the apple tree seeds in, and then fill the soil, it should be noted that within two days after sowing, it is very important to ensure that it is watered every two days, because in the early stage of sowing, it must be watered in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of the tree species.

3. After planting, if the growth rate of the apple tree is very slow, it may be because the nutrients in the soil are not enough, and reasonable fertilization should be carried out at this time to ensure the continuous growth of the apple tree. It is also necessary to pay attention to insect pests, and clean up insects as soon as they are found, or spray them with insecticides.

Pruning dead branches involves pruning off branches of the apple tree that are completely dry and showing signs of dryness; Thinning dense branches, it is necessary to thin the branches and leaves that grow too densely to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption; Long branches and leaves need to be shortened to improve the overall quality and yield of fruits. Precautions: After pruning, burn the pruned branches in time.

Apple trees are hardy, but in order to improve the overall yield and quality, it is necessary to use sterilized sharp scissors to prune off the dried branches of the apple tree after winter, and if the branches are found to be showing signs of drying, they also need to be pruned in time to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption.

In winter, it is also necessary to thin the branches and leaves that grow too densely on the apple tree, if the branches grow too densely, it will affect the germination of the branches in the second year. Therefore, during this period, the branches that grow too densely on the apple tree can be pruned to reduce the number of branch germination, so that the apple tree can store enough nutrients so that the fruit can grow better in the second year.

After a year of growth, the apple tree has more branches inside, which inhibits the germination of branches, resulting in a decrease in fruiting and fruit quality. During this period, the long branches can be truncated in half to inhibit the growth advantage of the top, and after the pruning is completed, the healing base should be applied to the wound in time to make the wound heal as soon as possible.

In addition to pruning the apple tree in winter, after pruning, it is also necessary to burn off the dry branches and dead leaves scattered on the ground, so as to prevent germs or pests from hiding in the dead branches and endangering the normal growth of the apple tree in the second year. And try not to prune the leaves when pruning, so that the plant can better photosynthesize.

I think it's best to do apple tree winter pruning early; This is because pruning earlier allows for better dressing and allows the apple tree's wounds to grow back and prevent frost damage.

It is better to prune earlier so that the limited nutrients can be supplied to the pruned branches, and the apple tree will grow more vigorously, which is conducive to flowering in the following year.

It needs to be determined according to the actual situation of the number, different places, different varieties, pruning time is definitely different.

In winter, fruit trees suffer less damage from pruning in this type of dormancy. For the average fruit tree, after one year of growth and development, the plant shape will have a new change. For example, many new branches are extracted, the original branches grow thicker, some branches change the direction of growth and development, and some of them weaken after suffering from diseases, or even wither and die.

If this kind of branch is not pruned for people, it is not easy for the fruit tree to have its own recovery function and growth and development, and usually it can only increase the density of the trunk, <>

It hinders the wind and light transmission of fruit trees, and the diseased branches will spread again at a suitable ambient temperature. In winter, it is also necessary to pay attention to the pruning and repair, so as not to hurt the position close to the main pole, and not to leave the branch stump long, so as to promote the early healing of the wound. The cut should be smooth to prevent the roots from tearing.

It is also necessary to wipe the biofilm system at the incision, incision, etc. When pruning, it is also necessary to pay attention to the top side buds to the sides of the branches, maintain the shape of the tree, and then grow outward. The winter pruning of fruit trees is a very critical pruning of the year, and it is also the "unprecedented" re-pruning of the year.

Because it is not only related to the natural ventilation of the fruit tree next year and the prevention of diseases, but also needs to involve the storage of nutrients and the dwarf anvil and plastic surgery of the plant, which is a big adjustment of "a lot of changes" after the fruit tree enters the sleep state. In many cases, in order to better pick fruits in autumn, we usually take advantage of the winter shears to moderately shorten the tree stem to promote the growth and development of side branches. And the tree pole is truncated by the "spiritual pillar" of a tree, which is undoubtedly a "very hurt" "major surgery**", and a little carelessness will destroy the whole tree.

Therefore, we choose the winter fruit tree to sleep and then carry out "surgery**", there is no doubt that it does not hurt the vitality, and it is not easy to feel, and the repair is relatively fast.

After the stubbing, the patient can be mixed with a protective object. The winter shears of fruit trees look "old and new", but they are really a delicate job. Pay attention to the following aspects when cutting:

Pruning fruit trees for a long time is not pruning as soon as there is time after the fruit is sold in the market, nor can it be pruned immediately after the beginning of winter, nor is it pruning and repairing in the case of cold wind and snow. The best time to prune fruit trees is before early spring, i.e. from January to March. At this time, the sap is not fluid, and the body of the tree will want to wake up, and after pruning and pruningAfter a while, the temperature rises, the grass sprouts, and the pruning of fruit trees is limited in the spring season.