How to prevent fertilizer damage to fruit trees in spring? What is the prevention and control method

Spring fertilization is critical because spring is a good time for fruit trees to store nutrients, but if it is not fertilized properly, it can cause unnecessary fertilization problems. So how to prevent the harm of fertilizers to fruit trees in spring? The following is an introduction to the fertilizer control method of spring fruit trees.

1. Reasons for spring fertilization:

In spring, when the root dormancy ends, the root cell vigor increases, the growth rate accelerates, and the root epidermis is younger, which is more sensitive to fertilizers at this time. Fertilizer is easy to form a high-salt environment in the local area of the root system of fruit trees, causing damage to the root transport tissue and root system, thereby blocking nutrients**, and the corresponding branches will begin to dry up and die.

The root system and aerial parts of fruit trees correspond to each other, or as the saying goes, "one branch to one branch", and the extension of the large roots is usually in the same direction as the corresponding large branches. If these problems occur on larger branches, the correspondingly larger roots can turn brown, black, or even rot.

Fertilizer root burning occurs, and in fruit tree varieties, basically conforms to the depth pattern of root distribution. Fruit trees such as sugar oranges, apples, oranges, grapefruits, pears, grapes, chestnuts, and dates are susceptible to fertilizer damage.

How to prevent and control fertilizer damage to fruit trees in spring

1. Choose the right fertilization method.

At present, in the actual fertilization of fruit trees, farmers mostly use the hole method, radiation ditch, ring ditch fertilization method or the whole garden spreading the ground fertilization method. However, I generally do not recommend applying the acupuncture method, especially for peach, apple, citrus, apricot and plum trees, as well as for other shallow-rooted fruit trees.

2. Correct fertilizer selection.

According to the stability of fertilizer and the effect of fertilizer on fruit trees, the probability of fertilizer accidents is roughly ammonium carbon, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, unrotted farm fertilizer, chlorine-based compound fertilizer, chlorine-based compound fertilizer, sulfur-based compound fertilizer, sulfur-based compound fertilizer, sulfur-based compound fertilizer. If fertilizer damage occurs after fertilization, timely remediation is the key to avoid greater losses and not to delay rescue by chance.

Fertilizer damage should be detected in time. Look for the corresponding large roots in the direction of the extension of the branches showing the symptoms of fertilizer damage, and if the upper part of the roots is found to be black and rotten, scrape them off with a knife; If the root rot is severe, cut off the affected area, rot to the main stem, you can cut it off from the main stem and dry the root for three to four days, taking special care to avoid heavy watering.

Fruit trees should be fertilized properly in spring, as excessive fertilization can also limit the growth of fruit trees. Fertilization should be combined with watering to speed up the absorption of fruit trees.

It is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the soil, pay attention to the watering situation, do not use fertilizer indiscriminately, and must use it reasonably according to the growth of plants.

The secret of fertilization and pest control is to follow the objective law, based on the growth habits of fruit trees, and adopt scientific and reasonable methods to implement management techniques.

Proper fertilization. In the process of fruit tree cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen technical management, especially in the process of fertilization, and pay attention to the quality of fertilization, so as to effectively promote the growth of fruit trees and improve the fruit setting rate. Investigate the actual situation of the orchard in advance, take effective measures to manage the fruit trees, and improve the management level.

Generally, after fruit tree cultivation, the growth environment is stable, but the nutrients in the soil may not be very sufficient, which will affect the normal development of fruit trees and directly affect the quality of fruits. Therefore, in the actual cultivation management, it is necessary to control the amount of fertilizer and the appropriate amount of fertilization to ensure the healthy growth of fruit trees, improve the adaptability of fruit trees to the environment, and improve the stress resistance of fruit trees. If the quality of the fertilizer is not reasonable or excessive during fertilization, it will have a serious adverse effect on the fruit tree.

In addition, the use of certain fertilizers may contaminate fruit trees. Chemicals in fertilizers can cause ripe fruits to be too high in heavy metals, which can reduce fruit quality. If too much nitrogen is applied, more inorganic substances that are toxic to ripe fruits will be formed in the soil, so in order to avoid chemical fertilizers leaving harmful substances in ripe fruits and affecting people's health, choosing organic fertilizer fertilization can not only improve fertilization efficiency, but also be safe.

Organic fertilizer has little pollution and can effectively improve soil structure.

2. Scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases.

To improve the management level of fruit tree cultivation technology, it is also necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, and take measures to prevent and control pests and diseases. In the process of pest control, the main methods are:

The first is biological control, which is mainly to cultivate possible natural enemies of pests in orchards to reduce the number of pests and harm to fruit trees;

The second is the physical control method. This method is mainly to install a black light in the orchard, which can effectively eliminate pests such as moths, or to use low temperature freezing in the wintering area to get rid of pests, or to spray insect repellent on tree trunks. reduce the frequency of fruit tree pests and diseases;

Finally, chemical control methods have obvious control effects on pests and diseases. However, in the actual pesticide spraying process, effective pesticides with low residues should be selected in strict accordance with the requirements and used in conjunction with green pesticides to reduce pesticide residues. Improve the efficiency of the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the residue of harmful pesticides on fruits.

In the spring, you should spray some pesticides on the fruit trees, and when you bloom, you should also water more water and turn the soil frequently, and you should also water pesticides on the roots of the fruit trees, remove some weeds, and prune off some of the leaves of the insects in time to control pests and diseases.

The best secret is that you can use insecticides, you can use prepared insecticides, you can use insecticides, you can use insect repellents, you can use pesticides, you can use chemical fertilizers.

For pests and diseases, I think that in the process of fertilization, the first thing to do is to let the fertilizer into the soil, the way of fertilization should be right, and then before fertilization, we should clean up the surrounding weeds, and we need to pay attention to the season of fertilization, the most important point is that before and after fertilization, you should pay attention to the weather changes of the day, if it is a rainy day, try not to choose to fertilize before the rainy day.

First of all, it is necessary to prescribe the right medicine, and then when fertilizing, we must choose the right time, we must pay attention to the appropriate dose, and we should also replenish water resources in time, and we must pay attention to the ratio of water resources.

The purpose of fertilizing and supplementing nitrogen fertilizer in spring is to make the spring shoot growth momentum of fruit trees good and the flower bud separation better. The spring shoots are strong, the flower buds are separated, and the fruit yield can be determined this year. Therefore, some fruit farmers will choose to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to fertilize fruit trees in the next life, not that all fruit trees can not sprinkle urea, but the nitrogen content of urea is too high, and it is difficult to control the amount and concentration.

In addition, the fertilizer effect time of urea is relatively long, up to about 45 days, and other nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate are about 15 days, and the fertilizer effect time is relatively long, which is not a good thing, in addition to burning the roots, it will also cause fruit trees to grow branches, affecting the differentiation of flower buds. Spring fertilization is not only for the fruit trees to grow leaves, but also to consider the growth potential of the subsequent fruit trees, the balance to balance fertilization, it is recommended to choose high nitrogen compound fertilizer.

Apply fertilizer at the right time. Timely fertilization is to apply fertilizer when the flowers need fertilizer. It is found that the flowers and leaves become light or yellow, and the plant grows weakly is the most suitable period for fertilization.

In addition, the flower seedlings should be fertilized when the leaves are sprouted, and the branches should be fertilized when the leaves are spread, so as to meet the demand for fertilizer for the rapid growth of seedlings. The need for fertilizer is also different at different stages of growth of flowers. There are also differences in the type and amount of fertilizer to be applied.

For example, more nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the seedling stage to promote the growth of seedlings, and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied at the flower bud stage to promote large and bright flowers and long flowering period.

Fertilize according to the season.

In spring and summer, flowers grow fast and vigorously, so you can apply more fertilizer in moderation. After autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, and the growth of flowers weakens, so less fertilizer should be applied. Fertilization should be stopped from late August to early September to prevent the second growth peak, otherwise it is easy to make the flower tissue cells delicate and cause overwintering difficulties.

Overwintering flowers, dormant in winter should stop fertilization.

Fertilization should be done at a controlled temperature.

Potted flowers should not be fertilized around noon in high temperatures or rainy days, at this time fertilization is easy to hurt the roots, it is best to fertilize in the evening. After autumn and winter, the temperature is low, and the flowers grow slowly and generally do not fertilize; In summer, the temperature is high, the flowers should be fertilized more vigorously, the concentration of top dressing should be low when the temperature is high, the dosage should be less, and the top dressing with thin fertilizer water should be chased several times.

To choose the right fertilizer according to the variety of crops, you can choose phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, farmhouse fertilizer, you must choose the right time when fertilizing, you must prescribe the right medicine, pay attention to the concentration of fertilizer, do not use fertilizer when the temperature is relatively high or rainy days, you can choose to spray the foliar hole, do not irrigate the roots.

I think nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. To master the skills of adaptation, to do a good job of corresponding protection, to pay attention to the frequency of fertilization, to the meaning of the forest to block the mixing ratio of water, but also to pay attention to the method of fertilization.

compound fertilizer or urea. Be sure to pay attention to the effect of vertical nuclear fertilizer, pay attention to the fertilization of the bushes, sometimes in the spring when the transformation takes 25 days, at this time you must grasp the frequency of fertilization, but also pay attention to timely watering.

Personally, I think organic fertilizer is better; Master the time of fertilization, master the skills of fertilization, master the amount of fertilizer, and do not apply too much fertilizer at one time

1. The time period for autumn fertilization of apple trees is from late September to early October. Usually late-acting organic fertilizers, such as humic acids, compost, manure, circle fertilizer, manure, compound fertilizer, crop straw, weeds, etc. And supplemented by chemical fertilizer and medium and micro fertilizer, with biological fertilizer, so that the fertilizer complements each other.

Pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements in the chemical fertilizer to be coordinated, generally should not be too much nitrogen fertilizer, to prevent the branches of the tree from growing, causing winter shoots, is not conducive to the accumulation of nutrients stored in fruit trees and the improvement of flower bud quality.

2. Based on the fertilization experience in various places, the application rate of organic fertilizer in apple orchards with a yield of more than 1,000 kg per mu should generally reach the standard of "1 kg of fruit and 1 kg of fertilizer". For a high-yield garden with a yield of 2000-3000 kg per mu, the application rate of organic fertilizer should reach the level of "1 kg of fruit fertilizer".

Three tips for fertilizing fruit trees in the spring

Clause.

1. Fertilization time

In agricultural planting, fertilization must grasp the time problem, only in the peak period of crop fertilizer, timely top dressing, in order to avoid the waste of fertilizer efficiency, but also to better promote the growth of crops. Every spring fruit trees according to the geographical location, the root growth period will be different, but generally around mid-March, the vigorous growth period of these fruit tree roots, generally around 30 days to 40 days, will be accompanied by the spring slightly extraction and gradually weakened, so fruit farmers must be in early March, a week in advance for top dressing management.

Clause.

Second, the type of fertilizer

The importance of spring fertilization of fruit trees is self-evident, and if you want to have a better effect after topdressing, it is also very important to choose the type of fertilizer to be applied, it is recommended that fruit farmers choose fertilizer with fast effect, and you can use Tianqing mineral source fulvic acid liquid compound fertilizer, which can quickly supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve soil moisture and water retention and air permeability, promote the growth of roots, and at the same time improve the ability of fruit trees to resist cold and drought, according to the real feedback of farmers, at least increase the yield by more than 30% per mu. If chemical fertilizer is used, not only the fertilizer from topdressing to the effect of the time is long, but also the excessive topdressing of chemical fertilizer is also easy to cause soil compaction, heavy metal pollution, which is not conducive to the growth of fruit tree roots, so not only the fruit farmer friends to the fruit tree topdressing when using chemical fertilizer.

Clause.

3. Fertilization methods

Fruit tree spring fertilization in the grasp of the time, the selection of fertilizer, the way of fertilization is also very important, many fruit farmers in the top dressing in order to save labor and time, will choose to plough fertilization, or directly choose the surface flushing and so on, these methods are not the best way to fertilize, the best way to apply Chang bush fertilizer should be, to the crown half and good diameter for the size of the digging fertilizer ditch or fertilization hole, the water-soluble fertilizer diluted with water and then applied to the fertilizer hole, and then cover the soil, so that fertilization can avoid the damage to the root system caused by ploughing and fertilizationSecondly, the fertilizer effect directly acts on the front end of the root growth, and the root system has the tropism, which can also contribute to the rapid growth of the root system.

The importance of fertilizing fruit trees in spring

Spring all things recover, fruit trees at this time also to a new stage of growth, around March every year, this time is an important period for the growth of fruit tree roots, at this time if the nutrients are sufficient, then the capillary roots of fruit trees grow vigorously, can greatly improve the fruit tree's ability to absorb fertilizer and water, and is also of great benefit to the later flowering and fruiting, how to absorb the nutrients absorbed by the fruit tree at this time, then the growth of new roots will be inhibited, not only can not improve the fruit tree's ability to absorb fertilizer and water, cherry resistance also reduces the resistance of the fruit tree, It is very easy to induce the occurrence of diseases, so it is very important to fertilize fruit trees in time every spring, but there are also tricks to fertilization.

Autumn fertilization should be based on basal fertilizer, and the autumn temperature and ground temperature are relatively high, which is very conducive to the decay and decomposition of organic fertilizer, and can release nutrients before entering the winter to provide fruit trees with cold protection and wintering. Matters that need to be paid attention to in fertilization, it is necessary to pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer to ensure ripening, to avoid the occurrence of root burning, according to the size of the fruit tree, pay attention to the amount of fertilizer applied.

Types of autumn fertilization.

1. Human and animal manure: including manure of people, livestock and poultry, which are good resources in rural organic fertilizer, rich in organic matter such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and other nutrients, it is a relatively comprehensive fertilizer for the growth needs of fruit trees.

2. Composting:

This kind of organic fertilizer is mostly straw, leaves, weeds, etc. produced in rural production, which is stored in accumulation and used after the decomposition of microbial populations, and its nutrients are also similar to human and animal manure organic fertilizer.

3. Cake fertilizer: This kind of fertilizer is the residue produced after rural oil extraction, such as pressed peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, etc., there will be a lot of cake fertilizer left, the nutrients of these substances are very rich, and they belong to the high-quality fertilizer source with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.

Matters that should be paid attention to in fertilization.

1. Organic fertilizer should be fully corrupted before application: secondly, the types of organic fertilizer are also circle fertilizers, green manures, etc., which basically have a lot of similarities with the above fertilizer sources. If the organic fertilizer is not well decayed, it will produce secondary decomposition after application, which is easy to burn roots, which is very unfavorable to the growth of fruit trees, and is also easy to spread by pathogens, resulting in root rot of fruit trees.

2, the amount of fertilizer: at present, many orchards organic matter content can not meet the requirements of high quality and high yield, organic fertilizer application can provide fruit tree nutrients at the same time, but also has a good effect of improving the soil, in the amount of organic fertilizer applied, according to the fruit tree amount of fertilization, according to each pound of fruit into the standard fertilization of 2 to 3 catties of organic fertilizer.

3. Fertilization method: Fruit trees of different ages can adopt different fertilization and ditching methods. For example, autumn fertilizer for young fruit trees can be fertilized in the ring ditch, fertilization in the furrow can be used for the initial fruiting tree, and the fertilization method in the radial ditch can be used for the fruit trees in the full fruit period.