2 What are the basic questions of pedagogy?

Two fundamental issues in pedagogy are: the relationship between education and human development; The relationship between education and social development.

In-depth and detailed research, the main issues of education are as follows: the connotation and extension of education; History of Education and Pedagogy; the purpose of education; teachers and students; Teaching & Curriculum; management of education, etc.

There are two fundamental questions in pedagogical research:

1 Educational Facts Educational facts exist objectively, not our subjective imagination, they can be perceived and recognized. At the same time, the educational facts are the educational practices that are being engaged, including the educational facts of various forms, types and modes, as well as the educational factors and behaviors in the process of teaching and learning.

2 The Problem of Education The fact of education is universally present in social life, and people can not only perceive it, but also recognize it, but it is only an object in social life, which exists in reality. It is only when it is raised as a question that it constitutes the object of pedagogical research. The educational problem of pedagogical research is a general problem in education, because it sets aside various specific forms, various special forms, and specific fields, but studies the most general problems in education.

Therefore, it is the basic discipline of the education discipline, and it is the basic theoretical discipline, not the applied discipline. This is also the reason why we have named the pedagogy offered by teacher training colleges as general pedagogy.

Generally speaking, there is a certain connection between educational problems and educational phenomena, educational facts, and educational laws, and there are essential differences between them. The phenomenon of education is the broadest generalization of educational activities, the outward manifestations of all kinds of educational activities, and is therefore fleeting and unpredictable. The phenomenon of education contains the problem of education, and the problem of education does not exist outside the phenomenon of education, but not all of the phenomena of education can constitute the problem of education.

Only when certain contradictions in the phenomenon of education have attracted people's attention and have research value, can they constitute educational problems and become the object of pedagogical research. Educational facts are generalizations of the material aspects of actual educational activities, which can be observed and counted, and are also relative to the "value of education". Educational problems are based on certain educational facts, so that educational problems can be an objective problem, not a subjective fabrication, and only then can they have the value of scientific research.

However, the facts of education themselves cannot constitute an educational problem, and only when a certain educational fact and the value it contains attract people's attention and evaluate it, can it become an educational problem and become the object of educational research. The laws of education refer to the essential, inevitable and intrinsic connections that exist in educational activities. The revelation of the laws of educational activity itself is accomplished through the study of one educational problem after another.

The question of education is the door to the laws of education.

In terms of the essential attributes of education, education is the activity of cultivating people according to certain social needs, or the process of cultivating people.

On the one hand, from the perspective of the physical and mental development and changes of the educated, education is development, growth, adaptation to life and environment, accumulation and recombination of experience, and the process of individual socialization. On the other hand, from the perspective of educators, education is to pass on the traditional culture of the nation to the next generation and cultivate the construction talents needed for social development. Educational activities are the unification of the activities of educators and the educated, and the most fundamental task is to promote the physical and mental development of the educated.

Pedagogy is a social science that studies the phenomenon of education and its laws. It is widely present in human life. Through the study of educational phenomena and educational problems, the general laws of education are revealed.

After the middle of the 19th century, the emergence of Marxism and the development of modern psychology and physiology laid the foundation of dialectical materialist philosophy and natural science for scientific education. The development of modern production, science and technology, and the extensiveness and richness of educational practice have further promoted the development of pedagogy. The object of study of pedagogy is the phenomena and problems of human education, as well as the general laws of education.

It is the intrinsic essential connection and relationship between education, society, people and various factors within education, which has objectivity, inevitability, stability and repetition. For example, the relationship between education and the political, production, economic, cultural and demographic aspects of society, the relationship between educational activities and human development, the relationship between schooling, social education and family education within education, the relationship between primary education, secondary education and university education, the relationship between educational objectives and teaching and extracurricular education in secondary education, the relationship between intellectual education and moral, physical, aesthetic and labor education in education and teaching activities, and the relationship between the teaching of educators and the teaching of the educated in intellectual education. There is a regular relationship between learning motivation, learning attitude, learning method and academic performance in students' learning activities. The task of pedagogy is to reveal the laws of education, clarify various educational problems, and establish a theoretical system of education.

There are various opinions regarding the object of study in education, some think that it is "educational phenomenon", some think it is "educational fact", some think it is "educational law", some think it is two or three of the above three, and some think it is "education" or "person" in general. Most of these views are vague and specious.

The research object of pedagogy should be the "educational problem" formed under the guidance of educational values on the basis of "educational facts", and its purpose is to explore and reveal the regular relationship of educational activities in order to serve educational practice.

The question of education marks the germ of pedagogy; The development of educational problems is the internal driving force for the development of pedagogy, and the transformation of educational problems indicates the change of the tradition and paradigm of pedagogical research. Different views on the same issue give rise to different educational ideas, educational concepts, and factions. Pedagogical research should have a "problem awareness" to prevent the emergence of "false problems" and constantly deepen problems.

Wrong. The essence of education refers to what education is for, and the attribution of education refers to classification.

The essence of education is to cultivate people's social activities with a purpose, not to educate people.