The pros and cons of river flooding are explained using the example of the Nile or a river in Asia

The lower reaches of the Nile River due to annual flooding and siltation have created a green corridor in the yellow sand of the Sahara - the Nile Valley, and at the mouth of the sea has formed a Nile Delta with an area of about 10,000 km2. The industrious and brave Egyptians in this oasis took advantage of the generosity of the Nile River to create a glorious ancient civilization. To this day, the Lower Nile is one of the most densely populated and economically developed regions in Africa.

The regular flooding of the Nile River every year, although it brings abundant water and fertile soil to the Egyptian people, also poses a threat to people's lives and property. In the past, people only prayed to the gods for protection, but today Egypt** has built the Aswan High Dam in the Aswan region of the southern Nile River using modern science and technology, making the regular flooding of the Nile a thing of the past.

There are regular flooding in the lower reaches of the Nile. During the year, the Nile River is dry in February and May every year, and the river water is clear, and the river water at this time mainly comes from the White Nile. After June, the White Nile turns green due to the many decaying aquatic plants brought by the upper reaches of the river, which indicates that the Nile will soon overflow.

After July, heavy rains fell in the upper reaches of the Blue Nile, causing the water level to rise sharply and carrying a large amount of sediment into the river, at which time the water of the lower Nile was reddish-brown, the flow increased, and overflowed the river, flooding. After November, the water level of the Nile drops, and it gradually returns to its original calm and clarity.

There are no advantages to the flooding of the Yellow River, only disadvantages.

There is no benefit to the overflow of rivers.

Nile RiverThe reasons for the regular flooding are as follows:

The reason why the Nile floods regularly is because of the seasonal rainstorms on the Ethiopian plateau. The upper reaches of the Nile flow mainly through the savannah climate zone, which is a type of climate.

The main characteristics are high temperature all year round, and there are two seasons of drought and rain in a year June to September is the rainy season in the savannah climate zone, and the floods in the Nile River basin rise sharply and flood.

The effects of the flooding of the Nile

The flooding of the Nile brought abundance to the people and was the world's earliest solar calendar.

The advent provided the necessary conditions. The creative ancient Egyptians amassed a wealth of astronomical knowledge. For the sake of agricultural production, they noticed the relationship between the rise and fall of rivers and celestial phenomena very early, and formulated the world's earliest solar calendar.

They set the beginning of the Nile as the beginning of the year.

Every year is divided into December, with 30 days per month, and 5 more days of festivals at the end of the year, for a total of 365 days in the year. They also divided the year into three seasons based on the rise and fall of the Nile and the growth of crops: July to October is the flood season; November to February is the next planting season; The harvest season is from March to June.

The cause of the Nile's regular flooding is the Blue Nile and Atbara rivers, which are fed by seasonal torrential rains on the Ethiopian plateau. More than 80% of the Nile's water is supplied by the Ethiopian highlands, with the rest coming from the East African highland lakes. The Blue Nile is a source of the Nile River, at an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level in the Ethiopian highlands, the Blue Nile River is 680 kilometers long, it crosses Lake Tana, and then turns sharply to form a thousand miles of water, which is the second largest waterfall in Africa - Tisset Falls.

The roaring Blue Nile River rushes into the Sudan Plain and meets the calm White Nile, which is the familiar Nile. The Blue Nile River and the Atbara River mainly flow through the area of the savannah climate, so the pressure belt and wind belt move northward from June to October every year, and the Ethiopian Plateau at this time is controlled by the equatorial depression, with abundant precipitation and abundant river water, and the river enters the flood season. It is due to the seasonal changes in the volume of water in the Blue Nile that the Nile floods regularly.

It is located in the savannah climate zone, with high temperature throughout the year, divided into dry and wet seasons, and in the wet season, the river water **, flooding the river channel, causing flooding.

The main reason is that most of them are located in the savannah climate, with high temperatures throughout the year, divided into dry and wet seasons, and flooding is caused by the wet season.

The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world and flows through several African countries, including Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt and Sudan. Although the Nile was historically an important transportation and commercial route, it had a much lower shipping value compared to the Rhine in Europe for several reasons:

Different natural conditions: The Nile is a river on the African continent that flows through a region with relatively poor natural conditions, mostly desert or wasteland banks, slower water flows, and political instability in the region also increases the cost of shipping. In contrast, the European countries through which the Rhine flows are more natural, with fertile farmland and prosperous cities on its banks, fast water flows, and political stability, all of which are conducive to the development of shipping.

Economic development is different: the countries of the Nile Basin are economically backward as a whole, with imperfect transportation infrastructure and lack of modern shipping facilities and technologies, which also limits the development of shipping. European countries, on the other hand, have relatively advanced economic development and have modern ports and shipping facilities, making the shipping value of the Rhine much higher than that of the Nile.

Geopolitical factors: The geopolitical factors in the region through which the Nile flows are complex, with border disputes and political disputes between multiple countries, which increase the uncertainty and risk of shipping. In contrast, the European countries through which the Rhine flows are more geopolitically stable, which is also conducive to the development of shipping.

The lower shipping value of the Nile than the Rhine is the result of a combination of factors, including natural conditions, economic development and geopolitics.

Nile RiverThe main reasons for the regular flooding in the past:

1. The reason for this phenomenon is the Blue Nile and Atbara rivers, which are fed by Ethiopia.

Seasonal rainstorms on the plateau. More than 80% of the Nile's water is supplied by the Ethiopian highlands, with the rest coming from East Africa.

Plateau Lake. The Blue Nile is a source of the Nile River in the Ethiopian highlands at an altitude of 2,000 meters, the Blue Nile is 680 kilometers long, it crosses Lake Tana and then turns sharply to form a cascading water.

2. The Blue Nile River and the Atbara River mainly flow through the area with a savannah climate.

Therefore, from June to October every year, the pressure belt and wind belt move northward, and the Ethiopian Plateau is affected by the equatorial depression at this time.

The control of precipitation, abundant precipitation, abundant river water, the river enters the flood season, it is precisely due to the seasonal change of the volume of the Blue Nile that the Nile floods regularly.

A little science every day: the longest river - the Nile.

The Nile River is characterized by regular flooding.

When the flood comes, it will inundate the farmland on both banks, and when the flood water recedes, it will leave a thick layer of silt, forming fertile soil. Four or five thousand years ago, the Egyptians knew how to grasp the laws of the flood and use the fertile land on both sides.

For a long time, the Nile valley has been a place of cotton fields and fragrant rice flowers. Sandwiched between the Sahara Desert and the Arabian Desert, the meandering Nile River is like a green walk, full of infinite life.

The Nile has a long section of the river that flows through the desert, where there is only a loss of water and no replenishment. Since the upper source of the river is in the tropical rainy region, there is a huge flow there, and although a large amount of runoff is lost along the desert due to evaporation and seepage, the Nile can still maintain a perennial flow of water.

Rivers like the Nile, which are not formed by local runoff, but simply flow, are called the Ke River. The local climatic conditions have no positive effect on the formation of these "guest rivers", only negative ones.

For thousands of years, the Nile River has been flooding regularly every year from June to October. When the river was at its highest in August, it flooded large fields on both sides of the riverbank, after which people moved to higher places. After October, the floodwaters subsided, bringing with them the rich soil of the Nile.

On these fertile soils, people cultivated crops such as cotton, wheat, rice, dates, etc. A green corridor has been formed over the arid desert area. And Egypt, an ancient civilization of 5,000 years, created a glorious Egyptian culture here.

Today, more than 90% of Egypt's population is located in the Nile plains and deltas. The Egyptians called the Nile their mother of life.

The Nile River (Nile) is the longest river in the world, originating in the Burundi Plateau in northeast Africa, flowing through 9 countries including Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zaire, Sudan, Ethiopia and Egypt, with a total length of more than 6,600 kilometers. It eventually flows into the Mediterranean Sea and is one of the world's largest international rivers flowing through the country.

Because the middle and lower reaches of the Nile have been inhabited for a long time, but due to the barrier of waterfalls, people in the middle and lower reaches of the Nile think that it is impossible to understand the source of the river, hence the name Nile. The second is that the word "Nile" evolved from the name of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh (king) Nilus.

The Nile is formed by the confluence of three rivers: the Kagera, the White Nile, and the Blue Nile. The lower Nile valley is one of the earliest cradles of human civilization, where ancient Egypt was born. Today, 96% of Egypt's population and the vast majority of industrial and agricultural production are concentrated here.

As a result, the Nile is seen as the lifeline of Egypt.

For thousands of years, the Nile River has been flooding regularly every year from June to October. When the river was at its highest in August, it flooded large fields on both sides of the riverbank, after which people moved to higher places. After October, the floodwaters subsided, bringing with them the rich soil of the Nile.

On these fertile soils, people cultivated crops such as cotton, wheat, rice, dates, etc. A green corridor has been formed over the arid desert area. And Egypt, an ancient civilization of 5,000 years, created a glorious Egyptian culture here.

Today, more than 90% of Egypt's population is located in the Nile plains and deltas. The Egyptians called the Nile their mother of life.

The Nile runs through the northeastern part of the African continent, flows through Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt, crosses the Sahara Desert, the world's largest area, and finally empties into the Mediterranean. The basin covers an area of about 3.35 million square kilometers, accounting for one-ninth of the African continent, with a total length of 6,650 kilometers and an average annual flow of 3,100 cubic meters per second, making it the longest river in the world. Nile River – Arabic for "great river".

Reasons for the low runoff of the Nile: The Nile River mainly comes from the upper reaches of the savannah climate zone, where the annual precipitation is not large, and the river water supply is small. The lower reaches of the Nile flow through a tropical desert climate zone, where precipitation is scarce, and there are almost no tributaries flowing in, coupled with evaporation and seepage along the way, the river has little water.

The reasons for the large seasonal variation of Nile runoff are: the tropical savannah climate precipitation is concentrated, the rainy season is more precipitation, and the river runoff is relatively large. In the dry season, there is little precipitation and low river runoff.