What are the key knowledge summaries of internal medicine nursing?

The basic knowledge of nursing includes: basic theory, basic knowledge, and basic skills, which is what clinical nurses call the "three basics". The basic theories include:

basic theories of systematic anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical microbiology, etc.; Basic knowledge includes: basic knowledge of internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and other disciplines; The basic skills include: nursing document writing, basic nursing technology operation, basic skills of internal and external gynecology and pediatric nursing, etc.

1 Invisible water loss is the loss of water during evaporation and respiration, about 850ml per day, of which 350ml is respiration and 500ml is evaporated.

2 The equilibrium between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid is a dynamic equilibrium, including water balance, electrolyte balance, and osmotic balance.

3 The most important cation in extracellular fluid is Na+, and the anions are Cl, HCO3-, and protein. The most important cation in the intracellular fluid is K+.

4 The most rapid way for the human body to regulate acid-base balance is the buffer system of the blood, and the kidneys are the most important organs for acid-base balance regulation.

5 In hyperosmolar dehydration, the extracellular fluid is hypertonic, and the transfer of intracellular water to the extracellular fluid leads to intracellular dehydration. Thirst is its earliest manifestation and main characteristic. The fluid of choice for intravenous fluids is 5 dextrose fluid.

6 The effect of calcium in patients with hyperkalemia is to counteract the inhibitory effect of potassium on myocardium.

7 The most important buffer pair in the blood buffer system is NaHCO3 H2CO3, as long as the ratio is maintained at 20:1, the blood pH value can be maintained.

8 The first condition for intravenous potassium supplementation is urine output > 40 ml hour. The concentration of potassium supplementation is 0 3 (up to 10 potassium chloride 15ml is added to 500ml of liquid), the input speed is < 60 drops, and the amount of potassium supplementation in 24 hours does not exceed 6 8g. It can only be dripped quietly, and it is strictly forbidden to push it quietly.

9 The principle of rehydration is fast first and then slow, crystallization before gelatin, salt before sugar, and urine potassium supplementation.

10 The daily physiological requirement of sodium chloride is 5 9 g.

The basic knowledge of nursing includes, basic theory, basic knowledge, basic skills, etc. Details are as follows.

When it comes to nursing, I believe that most students are no strangers, for students who want to go to the hospital for employment, they can choose the specialty of clinician with good academic performance, and students with unsatisfactory grades will generally choose nursing, and they can also enter the hospital. Of course, learning nursing well is not so simple.

The basic knowledge of nursing includes basic theories, basic knowledge, and basic skills, which is what clinical nurses call the "three basics". Basic theories include systems anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical microbiology and so on.

Nursing students are mainly employed in general hospitals, specialized hospitals, emergency centers, ** centers, and community medical service centers at all levels, and can be engaged in clinical nursing, preventive health care, nursing management, nursing teaching and nursing research in the field of nursing.

Nursing is an applied science that integrates the natural, social and human sciences in the life sciences. The scope of nursing includes theoretical and practical aspects, of which the practical scope includes clinical nursing, basic nursing, specialist nursing, community care, nursing education, nursing management and nursing research.

Summary of key knowledge of internal medicine nursing:

1. The clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer have three major characteristics: chronic course, periodic attacks, and rhythmic epigastric pain.

2. The pathology of tuberculous meningitis can be: exudative, adhesive and caseous.

3. Collateral circulation of liver cirrhosis can cause: abdominal wall varicose veins and venous plexus at the lower end of the rectum.

4. Gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding above the duodenal bulb.

5. Complications of peptic ulcer: upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, pyloric obstruction, cancer.

6. Manifestations of dyspnea in left heart failure: dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal, acute pulmonary edema.

7. Manifestations of digitalis poisoning: arrhythmia, gastrointestinal reactions, central nervous system symptoms, dyspnea.

8. The main symptoms of atrial fibrillation: unequal strength of the first heart sound, extremely irregular heart rate, and short pulse.

9. Acute coronary syndrome includes: unstable cardiac pain, myocardial infarction, and sudden death.

10. Coronary heart disease is divided into: asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, angina, myocardial infarction, and ischemic cardiomyopathy.

11. ECG characteristics of patients with Q-wave acute myocardial infarction: wide and deep Q-wave ST segment with arched dorsal upward elevation and T wave inversion.

12. Complications of mitral stenosis: atrial fibrillation, acute pulmonary edema, right heart failure, embolism, and lung infection.

13. The first symptom of myocardial infarction: chest pain.

14. The most important non-invasive examination technique for diagnosing arrhythmia: electrocardiogram.

The key knowledge of medical nursing is as follows:1. HP infection is recognized as the main hair factor in recent years, especially DU.

2. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are another important factor that causes peptic ulcers, and they are commonly used.

3. HP test, positive indicates that the ulcer is in the active stage.

4. Carcinogenesis, the rhythmic disappearance of the patient's epigastric pain, the symptoms are stubborn, and the strict internal medicine is ineffective.

5. The origin of cardiac impulse is the sinus node.