Let s talk about the Nine Emperors of ancient China and the Five Emperors of the Middle Ages

An important belief system in ancient China was the Nine Emperors. The Nine Emperors refer to the nine gods, namely: the Princes of the Great Realm, the Jade Emperor of Taihao, the Green Emperor, the daughter of the village Chunniang, the river god, the lord of the altar of Ah Gong, the five dragon lords, the five dragon monarchs, and the rock mountain Arhats.

The Nine Emperor beliefs are prevalent in the Han and southern Fujian regions, especially Fujian. Every year from the 9th to the 17th day of the eighth lunar month, people will celebrate the birth of the Nine Emperor Masters and hold a grand Nine Emperor Temple Fair. During this period, believers will perform a series of rich activities such as fasting, chanting scriptures, dragon and lion dances, and Taoist sacrifices.

And the Five Emperors of the Middle Ages refer to the five sage emperors who are said to be the first generation of monarchs in Chinese history. They are: Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Xuanyuan, and Yao.

These five emperors have an important place in Chinese legends and historical records. Among them, Fu Xi is the creator of the legend that has the earliest human writing, the Bagua symbol; Shennong was the ancestor of medicine and agriculture, he taught people to grow crops and medicinal herbs; The Yellow Emperor is considered the common ancestor of the Chinese nation, who unified the tribes throughout China and created the cornerstone of Chinese civilization; Xuanyuan is the legendary god of war in ancient China and is revered as a military leader; Yao was the first recorded wise and wise monarch in Chinese history, who promoted many benevolent policies and was revered as a saint. The beliefs and sacrifices of these Nine Emperors and Five Emperors have had a profound impact on Chinese history and are still passed down and celebrated today.

Antiquity: From about 1.7 million years ago to 2070 B.C., that is, primitive societies.

Antiquity: Earlier antiquity, in China's historical periodization, mostly refers to the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han periods. It is also sometimes referred to in prehistoric times.

Middle Ages: Later antiquity, in China's historical periodization, mostly refers to the period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Ancient: An era in which the past is far removed from the modern era (as distinguished from 'modern, modern'). In terms of historical periodization in China, it mostly refers to the period before the middle of the 19th century. The year 1840 is the dividing line between ancient and modern China.

Modern times: Modern times refers to the period between the beginning of the Sino-British Opium War (1840) and the May Fourth Movement (1919).

Modern: The period from the May Fourth Movement to the founding of the People's Republic of China.

PS: Contemporary: Contemporary after 1949.

The "Three Emperors" refers to the Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of Man.

The "Five Emperors" refer to the Emperor of Wood, the Emperor of Fire, the Emperor of Earth, the Emperor of Gold, and the Emperor of Water.

Later generations of scholars are accustomed to putting the candidates of the ancient emperors and ancient emperors that they personally respect into the above eight "seats", so they have formed different combinations of three emperors and five emperors.

There are many theories, and there are many ancient leaders involved. Generally speaking, the more commonly used saying is that the three emperors: the Suiren clan and the Fuxi clan.

Taihao), Shennong (Emperor Yan); Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan.

There are Xiong's family), Gaoyang's family, Emperor's Gaoxin family, Yaotao Tang family (Qi surname, name Fangxun), Shun Youyu family (Yao surname, name Chonghua).

But in fact, there are many different sayings, mainly the following:

There are various sayings, specifically:

1) Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong (quoted in "Customs and Customs: Huangba");

2) Fuxi, Shennong, Zhurong ("White Tiger Pass");

3) Fuxi, Shennong, and Gonggong ("Tongjian Waiji");

4) Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor ("The Imperial Century".

5) Suiren, Fuxi, and Shennong (quoted in "Customs and Customs: Huangba", quoted in "Liwei Hanwenjia");

6) The Emperor, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of Thailand ("Historical Records: The Records of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty".

7) The Emperor, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of the People ("Historical Records: Qin Shi Huang Benji" Sima Zhen Suoyin).

A total of 11 ancient leaders or their titles are involved, including Suiren, Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong, Zhurong, Gonggong, Yellow Emperor, Emperor, Emperor, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Thailand, and Emperor of People.

Five Emperors] Five Emperors" has a variety of sayings, specifically:

1) The Yellow Emperor, Zhuan, Emperor Yu, Yao, Shun ("Shiben".

Da Dai Li, Five Emperors, "Historical Records: Five Emperors";

2) Tai Hao, Emperor Yan, Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao, and Zhen Xuan ("The Book of Rites: The Moon Order", "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period: Four Seasons", "Huainanzi".

3) Taihao, Emperor Yan, Yellow Emperor, Shaohao, and Gonggong ("The Seventeenth Year of Zhao Gong");

4) Shao Hao, Zhen Xu, Gao Xin (Emperor Yu), Yao, Shun ("Imperial Century", "Shangshu Preface");

5) Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun ("The Great Chronicle of the Emperor");

6) Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao, Emperor Yu, Emperor Zhi, and Emperor Yao ("Daozang, Cave Shenbu, Spectrum Class, Mixed Yuan Shengji" quoted by Emperor Wu of Liang).

It mainly involves 10 ancient leaders or their titles (or 12, that is, Taihao is not Fuxi, and Emperor Yan is not Shennong).

In addition, it should be noted that even according to the general saying, there are 3 emperors and 5 emperors and 5 emperors, specifically, it is also said that the three emperors and five emperors are nine people. Among these names listed above, some are the names of entire clans or tribes, some are the titles of the leaders of the clan or tribe (equivalent to emperors, **, chairmen), and some are the names or titles of specific individuals. As for the time of their lives, it is even more unclear, and the claims of various historians, from 5,000 years ago (26th century BC) to 10,000 or even tens of thousands of years ago, are not and cannot be determined.

The controversy over their respective activity areas is also relatively large.

Legend has it that there are many leaders of the patrilineal clan commune, such as the Fuxi clan, the Suiren clan, the Gonggong clan, the Rongcheng clan, the Shennong clan, etc., among which the most famous, can lead many other tribes, and the leaders who make the greatest contribution to the society are respected as the three emperors and five emperors by later generations.

Due to the long age, the records of the Three Emperors and the Five Emperors in the historical materials and classics of the past dynasties are also different. As a result, there are many claims in some books today. They are listed below:

The world's top grand view has the following sayings about the Three Emperors and Five Emperors:

The Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of People (Xu Quan's "Three Calendars").

The Emperor, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of Thailand (Sima Qian's "Historical Records").

Fuxi, Shennong, Nuwa (Huangfu Mi, "Imperial Century").

Fuxi, Shennong, Zhurong ("White Tiger Pass").

Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong (Zhou "Ancient History").

Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor (Kong Anguo said).

Taihao (Fuxi), Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Shaohao, Zhuan Xuan ("Rites and Monthly Orders").

Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xiang, Emperor Yu, Yao, Shun (Sima Qian's "Historical Records of the Five Emperors").

Shao Hao, Zhen Xiang, Emperor Yu, Yao, Shun (Huangfu Mi "Imperial Century").

Three Emperors and Five Emperors 10,000 BC - 2225 BC) (The three emperors are Fuxi (Taihao), Shennong (Yandi), and Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor is also known as Youxiong). The five emperors were Shaohao Jin Tian, Zhuan Gaoyang, Emperor Gaoxin, Emperor Yao Tao Tang and Emperor Shun Youyu. )

There is no record of the "Three Emperors" in the Historical Records, and the "Five Emperors" recorded are: Yellow Emperor, Zhuan, Yu, Yao, and Shun.

Three Emperors:"The Emperor", "The Emperor of the Earth", "The Emperor of Men".

Three Emperors and Five Emperors The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were Chinese "emperors" who appeared in legends before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders who have become leaders of the tribal alliance due to their strength. It is generally believed that they should belong to the race.

Basically, whether it is according to myths and legends or the records of historical books, it is believed that the era of the Three Emperors is earlier than the era of the Five Emperors. However, different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". The Three Emperors have five sayings, and the Five Emperors also have five sayings.

Three Emperors Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong.

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong.

Fuxi, Zhurong, Shennong.

Fuxi, Shennong, Gonggong.

Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor.

The last theory was popularized by the influence of the Book of Shang, and Fuxi, Shennong, and the Yellow Emperor became the three oldest emperors in China.

In addition, the Wei Book of the Han Dynasty referred to the Three Emperors as the Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of Humans, and were the three gods. Later, in Taoism, the three emperors were divided into three groups: the first three emperors had a human form; The middle three emperors have a human face, a snake body or a dragon body; Among the three emperors, the head of the emperor of the Houtian Emperor is the snake body, that is, Fuxi, the head of the emperor of the Houdi is the snake body, that is, Nuwa, and the head of the descendant Emperor Niu, that is, Shennong.

Uh-huh.

Categories: Social and People's Livelihood.

Analysis: Three Emperors.

The legendary emperor of ancient China. There are five of the three emperors in the history of the Han Dynasty: Suiren, Fuxi, and Shennong.

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong. Fuxi, Zhurong, Shennong. Fuxi, Shennong, Gonggong.

Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor. The fifth theory was popularized by the propagation of the Book of Shang, and since then, Fuxi, Shennong, and the Yellow Emperor have become the three oldest emperors in China. In the Han Dynasty, there were still three emperors among the gods, and at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the three emperors were the emperors, the emperors of the earth, and the emperors of people.

In the Taoist classics, the three emperors are divided into three groups: the first three emperors also have human forms; The middle three emperors have the body of a human-faced, snake-like or dragon-like; Among the three emperors, the head of the emperor is the snake body, that is, Fuxi, the head of the snake body of the emperor of the earth, that is, Nuwa, and the head of the head of the emperor Niu of the descendants, that is, Shennong.

Five Emperors. Emperor Yuan refers to the Emperor of Heaven. In "Xunzi", the term "Five Emperors" appeared.

From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there have been many ancient emperors or gods named, so in many ancient emperors, the following five kinds of five emperors appeared: Yellow Emperor, Zhuan, Emperor Yu, Yao, Shun. Mi Opera (Fuxi), Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun.

Taihao, Emperor Yan, Yellow Emperor, Shaohao, Zhuan. The pseudo-"Preface to Shangshu" takes Fuxi, Shennong, and Huangdi as the three emperors, and Shaohao, Zhuan, Diyu, Yao, and Shun as the five emperors. With the respect of its scripture status, it is said in future historical books.

Therefore, the theory of the three emperors and five emperors was enshrined as the ancient history of letters. With the Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao, Zhuan, Yu, and Yao as the five emperors, it seems to be the latest to say.

Probably the Three Emperors refer to the Chahao people, which is a symbol of the different cultural stages of Chinese ancestors in prehistory. Youchao, Suiren, and Ku Xi (Fuxi) represent the low, intermediate, and senior stages of the obscurantist period, respectively; Shennong represents the lower stage of the barbaric era; Nuwa is an earlier Genesis-style god-man, and in mythology, she combined with Fuxi to create human beings. The people referred to in the Five Emperors Theory are mainly some tribal chiefs or military chiefs during the heyday of the patriarchal patriarchal tribal alliance and the period when the military banquet was implemented during the disintegration of the democratic system.

There have always been different theories about some of the oldest emperors in Chinese legends. Generally, the Suiren clan, the Fuxi clan, and the Shennong clan are the three emperors, and the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xuan, Emperor Yu, Yao, and Shun are the five emperors. Generally refers to the imperial figures of ancient times.

The Three Emperors and the Five Emperors are the combined names of the "Three Emperors" and the "Five Emperors". The Three Emperors in the original sense refer to the three ancient emperors (the Emperor of Heaven, the Emperor of the Earth, and the Emperor of the People), and the Fuxi clan was later added as the "Three Emperors". The Five Emperors in the original sense refer to the ancient gods of the five directions, and later added the Yellow Emperor Gongsun Xuanyuan (also known as Ji Xuanyuan) and other five ancient leaders as the "Five Emperors".

The Later Three Emperors and Five Emperors, which were added in the later period, have different statements in different works:

Three Emperors:

1, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong, from "The Great Biography of Shangshu".

2, Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong, from "Spring and Autumn Fortune Doushu".

3, Fuxi, Zhurong, Shennong, from "Customs and Customs".

4, Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor, from the "Three Character Classic".

5. There are Chao's and Suiren's, from "Zhuangzi" and "Compendium of Easy Knowledge".

Five Emperors.

1, Taihao, Emperor Yan, Yellow Emperor, Shaohao, Zhuan, from "Lu Ji Chong's Spring and Autumn Period".

2, the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan, Emperor Yu, Yao, Shun, from "The Legend of Da Dai Li".

3, Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xuan, Emperor Yu, Yao, from "Zizhi Tongjian Outer Chronicle".