What are the forms of international division of labor? Let me give you an example

There are three forms of international division of labor: vertical, horizontal, and mixed.

1.The vertical type refers to the form in which the countries that export raw materials and imported manufactured goods or import raw materials participate in the world division of labor. In this division of labor, the former exports manufactured goods to the latter, imports mineral raw materials and agricultural raw materials from the latter, and the latter is the raw material and commodity sales market of the former.

In this form of division of labor, the former is active and the latter is passive, and the former benefits more than the latter.

2.The horizontal type refers to the division of labor between countries with similar levels of industrial scientific and technological development, both between industrial sectors and within industrial sectors (specialization and cooperation in production). The division of labour among developed market economies is mostly horizontal.

3.Mixed refers to a form of division of labor in which the same part of the country is "vertical" and the other part of the country is "horizontal". The participation of developed market economy countries and a small number of newly industrialized countries in the world division of labour is mostly in this form.

For example, an example of a vertical international division of labor is that developing countries (e.g., Mexico, Viet Nam, China) produce raw materials and primary products, while developed countries (e.g., United States, Western Europe, Japan) produce manufactured goods. This pattern of division of labour allows developing countries to import manufactured goods from developed countries while exporting raw materials and primary products to developed countries. In this form of division of labor, the developed countries are active, while the developing countries are passive, and the developed countries benefit more than the developing countries.

An example of a horizontal international division of labor is the division of labor between two countries, such as the United States and Japan, in the production of automobiles. Both countries have their own advantages in the production of automobiles, but Japan has more advantages in the production of auto parts, while the United States has more advantages in the production of complete vehicles. This division of labor model has led to the formation of a cooperative relationship between the two countries in automobile production, and each country will give full play to its own advantages and jointly complete the production of automobiles.

In this form of division of labor, the two countries are equal, and no one country is active or passive.

An example of a mixed international division of labor is the division of labor between developed market economies and newly industrialized countries (e.g., South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan). There is a vertical division of labor in these countries, that is, the newly industrialized countries produce manufactured goods, while the developed market economy countries produce high-tech products, and there is also a horizontal division of labor, that is, the newly industrialized countries have an advantage in the production of certain high-tech products, while the developed market economy countries have an advantage in the production of certain manufacturing industries. This pattern of division of labour has led to a complex relationship between these countries, both cooperative and competitive.

According to the different levels of economic development of countries participating in the international division of labor, the international division of labor can be divided into three types: (1) the vertical international division of labor is the vertical division of labor between countries with different levels of economic development. (2) The horizontal international division of labor is a horizontal division of labor between countries with basically the same level of economic development.

3) Mixed international division of labor, that is, a country participates in both vertical and horizontal divisions.

1. Embryonic stage; 2. The formation of the international division of labor and the construction stage of the world market; 3. The formation stage of the international division of labor system and a unified world market; 4. The deepening of the international division of labor and the expansion of the world market.

1. The international division of labor and the germination of the world market.

Great geographical discoveries from the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

At the beginning of the industrial revolution, it was the embryonic stage of the international division of labor and the world market.

Before the Great Geographical Discoveries, there was only a very underdeveloped geographical division of labor, and the world market had not yet appeared.

After the great geographical discoveries, some colonialist countries in Western Europe actively pursued colonial policies, and took over the vast Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania.

and other regions are involved in the ranks of the international market, so that the number of countries and nations participating in the world has increased rapidly, the scale of the international market has expanded rapidly, and the types of international goods have increased significantly, thus forming a regional international market.

It also gave rise to the germ of the international division of labor, and the first form of international division of labor, that is, the suzerain, appeared.

Division of labor with the colonies.

2. The formation of the international division of labor and the establishment of the world market.

The period from the second half of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century was the period of the formation of the international division of labor and the establishment of the world market. That is, the beginning of the industrial revolution to capitalism.

The end of the period of free competition (typically characterized by the establishment of a large machine industry).

During this period, with the completion of the industrial revolution, Britain, Germany, the United States and other countries successively established large-scale machine industries, so that the capitalist mode of production could be finally established, and large-scale machine industries involved countries and nations with different levels of economic development into the international division of labor and the world market, thus creating the necessary conditions for the formation of the international division of labor and the establishment of the world market, and forming a division of labor between industrial countries based on advanced technology and agricultural countries based on natural conditions.

3. The formation of the international division of labor system and a unified world market.

The second scientific and technological revolution that began in the 70s of the 19th century.

As a result of the rapid growth of the world's industrial and agricultural production and the tremendous changes in the means of transportation, more and more countries have been involved in the world market and the international market, thus forming a unified world market that links all countries in the world, and forming a relatively complete international division of labor system among the countries of the world.

4. The deepening of the international division of labor and the expansion of the world market.

World war ii. Later, with the third scientific and technological revolution.

The rise of the colonial system, the disintegration of the colonial system, the internationalization of capital and production, and the strengthening of the trend of economic widening and integration have made significant changes in the international division of labor, the world market and the international market, the international division of labor has been further deepened, and the world market has been expanding.

1. The international division of labor refers to the division of labor between countries (regions) in the world, which is the basis of international and economic ties between countries (regions). It is the product of the development of the productive forces of social Zen bending to a certain stage, the result of the social division of labor transcending national boundaries, and the trend of socialization of production to the development of internationalization.

2. There are many factors influencing the development of the international division of labor, including the existing social and economic conditions, including the level of science and technology of various countries, and the trend of international development.

2. There are many factors affecting the development of the international division of labor, including the social and economic conditions, including the scientific and technological level of the country, the development level of the productive forces, the size of the domestic market, and the international political conditions, the situation of the international economic order and the differences in the natural conditions of various countries, including climate, land, resources, land area, population, geographical conditions, etc.

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