What is soil made of and what is soil made of?

Soil is composed of minerals (naturally occurring compounds or natural elements in the earth's crust, also known as inorganic salts), organic matter (the amount of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility), organisms (the number of soil microorganisms is very large, there are hundreds of millions to tens of billions of them in 1 gram of soil), water (soil is a loose porous body, which contains water), air (layered on the earth's surface, transparent, colorless and odorless) and other five substances.

Minerals: Compounds or natural elements that occur naturally in the earth's crust. Also known as inorganic salts, it is a general term for inorganic substances in the human body.

Organic matter: The amount of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility, and it is closely combined with minerals. In the general cultivated layer, the organic matter content only accounts for the dry weight of the soil, and the cultivated layer is less, but its role is great, and the masses often call the soil containing more organic matter as oil soil.

Biology: There are many types of soil microorganisms, and only some nutrients needed by plants that inhibit harmful bacteria and use these bacteria to produce them. If effective sunlight exposure, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and protozoa are effectively killed, and the decay can be used as nutrients.

Moisture: Soil is a loose porous body filled with large and small honeycomb-like pores. Soil pores with a diameter of millimeters are called capillary pores. The water present in the pores of the soil capillary can be directly absorbed and utilized by the crop, and at the same time, it can also dissolve and transport soil nutrients.

Air: the necessary conditions for the survival of animals and plants on the earth, animal respiration and plant photosynthesis are inseparable from air; The atmosphere can keep the temperature on Earth relatively stable, and without an atmosphere, the temperature would be high during the day and low at night.

Soil is composed of solid, liquid, and gaseous three-phase substances. It has been determined that the solid part of the soil to be sown accounts for 50 percent of the total volume of the soil, which includes minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms, and is the source of plant nutrients. The liquid part mainly refers to soil moisture, accounting for about 15% of the total volume of soil, and plays the function of transporting, regulating and releasing water and fertilizer required by crops.

The gas part refers to the air in the pores of the soil, which accounts for about 15% -35% of the total volume of the soil, and is one of the important conditions for maintaining soil fertility.

Soil is composed of minerals weathered from rocks, organic matter produced by the decomposition of animals, plants, and microbial residues, soil organisms (solid-phase substances), water (liquid-phase substances), air (gas-phase substances), and oxidized humus.

In the Forbidden City of Beijing, there is the most well-preserved shrine of Sheji. The most eye-catching thing in the community altar is the five-color soil. Every time the festival is held, the emperor orders people to take more knowledge of the pure natural soil of green, yellow, red, white and black from all regions of the country.

Soil is made up of three types of substances: solids, liquids, and gases. Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter, and microscopic starvation.

Sand. After the rock is weathered, it is carried by the transportation of wind or water flow, the small mass is taken away to form the soil - plain, the medium mass is taken away when the wind speed or flow speed decreases and the sediment is deposited to form a beach (the soil should be carried to a farther place when the carrier speed decreases, and the gravel of the Bilimb wild is deposited in advance), and the large mass remains in place to continue the weathering. In the end, it turned into soil, and that's how the soil on Earth is now formed.

Of course, there are also phenomena of magma eruptions forming rocks, although there are far fewer volcanoes today than in ancient times. The sand used now is brought from the sand field, where the sand gathers.

The main ingredient of sand is silica.

What substances are the soil made of:

Soil refers to a layer of loose material on the surface of the earth, which is composed of various granular minerals, organic matter, water, air, microorganisms, etc., and can grow plants. Soil is composed of minerals weathered from rocks, organic matter produced by the decomposition of animal and plant and microbial residues, soil organisms (solid substances), water (liquid phase substances), air (gas phase substances), and oxidized humus.

Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter and nutrients obtained by microorganisms through light sterilization. Liquid matter mainly refers to soil moisture. Gases are the air present in the pores of the soil.

These three types of substances in the soil constitute a contradictory unity. They are interconnected, mutually restrictive, provide the necessary living conditions for crops, and are the material basis of soil fertility.

The substances in the soil can be summarized into three parts: the solid part, the liquid part, and the gas part. Soil minerals are mineral particles of different sizes (sand, soil and gum) formed by the weathering of rocks.

There are many types of soil minerals, and the chemical composition is complex, which directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and is one of the important nutrients of crops.

Solid soil particles composed of minerals and humus are the main body of the soil, accounting for about 50% of the soil volume, and the pores between the solid particles are occupied by gas and water.

The vast majority of soil gas is oxygen and nitrogen entering the atmosphere, and a small part is carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by life activities in the soil. The moisture in the soil enters the soil mainly from the surface and includes many dissolved substances. There are also various animals, plants, and microorganisms in the soil.

Organic matter

The amount of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility, and it is closely combined with minerals. In the general cultivated layer, the organic matter content only accounts for the dry weight of the soil, and the cultivated layer is less, but its role is great, and the masses often call the soil containing more organic matter as oil soil.

According to the degree of decomposition, the soil organic matter is divided into fresh organic matter, semi-decomposed organic matter and humus. Humus refers to the gray and black earth-colored colloidal substances formed by the disgusted transformation of fresh organic matter by enzymes, which retains its nutrients after the harmful bacteria and viruses and parasites are killed by sunlight, generally accounting for more than 85% and 90% of the total soil organic matter.

Soil is organically composed of four components: solid phase (minerals, organic matter), liquid phase (soil moisture or solution), and gas phase (soil air).

In terms of volume, minerals, organic matter and porosity account for about 38-45%, organic matter accounts for about 5-12%, and pores account for about 50% in the ideal soil. By weight, minerals account for more than 90-95% of the solid phase, and organic matter accounts for about 1-10%.