When did the murals first appear? What are the characteristics of murals?

Dunhuang Mogao GrottoesThe founding era, according to the early Tang Dynasty and the Wu Zhou era".Li JunThe tombstone of the Buddha Taiji contains, when it originated in the original song Fu Jian Jianbang 2 years (366 years of the public year), and then excavated by various generations, it is a grand view. Although it has been destroyed by human factors and nature for more than 1,600 years, it still preserves 492 caves and 10,000 square meters of wall paintings, which can form a painting garden of nearly 25 kilometers if sorted down. This kind of colorful wall painting fully illustrates the colorful imagination and great creativity of artists in the Middle Ages, and is the world's largest treasure house of Buddhist art.

According to the specific content, style characteristics and artistic techniques of the Mogao Grottoes murals.

It can be roughly divided into three periods: early, middle and late.

Early wall paintings: The wall paintings of the 36 caves belonging to the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties are all over the four walls, cave roofs and tower pillars of each cave, in addition to a few purely ornamental themes, the key themes include the small stories of the Buddha's biography, the birth of the Buddha, the fate of the short stories, and there are also many Guanyin Bodhisattvas.

The brand image of Moon, Lotte and Medicine Fork. Narrate the Buddha.

The short stories of the birth of the Buddha before his birth and the short stories of the Buddha's biography after the Buddha's birth are used to spread Buddhism.

Humility, kindness, and the concept of reincarnation of cause and effect. Among them, the most expressive ones are Cave 254 "Prince Satana Sacrificed His Body to Feed the Tiger", "The Corpse King Cuts the Meat and Trades the Pigeon", Cave 285 "The Story of the Five Hundred Robbers Becoming Buddha", Cave 257 "The Nine-Colored Deer Rescues the Drowning" and Cave 290 "The Story of the Buddha" and so on.

Dunhuang Flying Heaven. It is the personal business card of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and the symbol of Dunhuang culture. As long as you see the beautiful moon, everyone will think of the plastic art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Among the 492 caves in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, basically the caves are painted with the moon. According to Chang Shuhong.

Mr. Lao said in the preface of the "Dunhuang Flying Sky" plastic art brochure that "more than 4,500 bodies have been accumulated", which can be said to be the most stored in the Buddhist grottoes in the world.

The artistic style of Dunhuang Feitian is not to grow wings, not to grow feathers, relying on clouds instead of clouds, but to rely on fluttering long skirts, fluttering colorful silk to spread their wings and soar. The shapes are different and varied. This is also on the basis of the national tradition, digest and absorb, combined with the creation of the outside world to the moon plastic arts, the development trend of the Dunhuang Feitian brand image.

Since the moon only plays a foil effect in the cave and does not occupy the main position, it only has a comprehensive introduction in stages.

Originally appeared in the Qin Dynasty, the characteristics of the murals are often representative, as well as rich and colorful, in addition to the comparison of figures.

Don't understand don't mislead people's children, the earliest appeared in the Qin Dynasty, Shaanxi Xianyang No. 1 Palace unearthed the flow cloud pattern and the quadripartite continuous geometric pattern murals, as well as the No. 3 Palace out of the carriage and horse guard map, and then the Neolithic period also unearthed murals, is Liaoning Niuheliang Hongshan Cultural Goddess Temple unearthed mural fragments, in addition to the Ningxia Guyuan Qijia cultural site has also unearthed red color depiction of geometric decorative murals.

It first appeared in the Qing Dynasty. It is usually more graceful and luxurious, and the colors are particularly bright, mainly realistic.

It first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and it was usually more brilliant, and most of them were paintings of literati or some women.

The frescoes date back to the Stone Age. The Stone Age is the embryonic period of Chinese painting, accompanied by the improvement of stone tool production methods, and the development of primitive arts and crafts. But a few years ago, the only examples of Chinese painting we had were Neolithic ornamentation depicted on ceramic vessels.

But in recent years, rock art has been discovered in many provinces of China, leading historians to push the origins of Chinese painting back to the Paleolithic period.

There are two forms of murals, one is to paint the work directly on the wall, and the other is to paint the work on canvas and cover it on the wall. The earliest murals, due to the limited tools and conditions, were carved on the wall, and this kind of mural was carved murals. The carvings of the murals are relatively rough, and the content is generally large animals, and people expect to catch more, which is a symbol of a good life.

With the advent of various pigments, the forms of frescoes began to be enriched, and by the 14th century, Italians gradually began to paint frescoes on wet plasterboard, which could penetrate into the plaster.

After drying, the color of the mural is more vivid, which greatly improves the quality of the mural and is known as a mural. Murals were widely adopted after they appeared, and many famous murals were painted in this way. The evolution of painting has created writing, the earliest writing comes from, and over time, some of the ** that describe things have become more readable hieroglyphs, gradually forming different branches and texts, representing Sumerian murals, painted on the walls or ceilings can be said to be the first to appear in the world.

They built temples, made Buddha statues, and painted murals in them. The murals of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang represent the artistic achievements of that era. Mural painting is one of the art of human beings, originated in the Five Dynasties and Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Wei Dynasty, further developed in the Wei period, gradually matured, its heyday was the Tang Dynasty, the subject matter is rich, the image is vivid, in the form of the pure land in disguise, the picture and story of Jingbian painting, reflecting a large number of social reality, due to historical reasons, Dunhuang art in the Song Dynasty to decline.

The earliest mural paintings found in China are those of the Han Dynasty.

The earliest murals found so far are the works of the Han Dynasty, which are widely distributed, and there are murals in Han tombs in Henan, Shanxi, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other places. The content of the paintings includes myths and legends, historical stories, and scenes from life.

Han Dynasty murals were an extremely important part of the Han Dynasty's art creation activities, mainly large-scale building murals and tomb murals, reflecting the Han Dynasty's ruling class's advocacy of filial piety and the prevalence of thick burials. Before the Wei and Jin dynasties, murals mostly depicted mythology and secular life. After the introduction of Buddhism, religious murals developed rapidly, and in addition to tomb murals, a large number of murals propagating Buddhist content also appeared.

In the cave temples in Gansu, Henan and other places, there are many beautiful Buddhist murals.

Artistic characteristics of ancient Chinese murals:

At the peak of the formation of cave murals in the Tang Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes, Kizil Grottoes and many Tang tombs in Shaanxi Province all show the style and artistic height of ancient Chinese murals. Among them, the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang are representatives. The Dunhuang murals are huge in number and rich in content, which not only reflect the religious themes, but also reflect some production and labor scenes and social life scenes at that time, and have high artistic value.

One of the most colorful is the beautiful statue of the flying goddess.

The level of murals in the Tang Dynasty was the highest. Scholars refer to the Dunhuang murals as "libraries on the walls". In addition, the construction of the mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty absorbed the style of the previous generation and formed a mausoleum shape with its own special concept.

A large number of murals are used in the tomb, the scene is magnificent, the content is rich, the colors are bright, the image is vivid, and it fully shows the exquisiteness of the thinking and the outstanding skill.

The mural is a kind of traditional painting in ancient China, that is, the painting is painted on the emotional intelligence or the rock wall, in ancient times, the mural is also a good funeral object, and there will be murals in the general princes. The history of murals is long, China has found a lot of murals in the puppet tombs so far, among which the murals of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are particularly famous, I don't know which is the earliest mural in China?

In which province was the earliest mural in China discovered?

In the Zhaosan District of Mangdang Mountain in the north of Yongcheng City, Shangqiu, Henan, there is a group of tombs of the Liang State in the Western Han Dynasty of China. The first King Xiao of Liang was the half-brother of the then Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, who made great contributions in the war to quell the rebellious princes, and won the love of his mother, the Empress Dowager Dou, and was even almost made a prince at one point. With so much favor, the Liang State was rich at that time, ranking first among all the vassal states, and the tombs built were also extraordinary.

The earliest mural paintings in China were found in which of the following provinces (Liaoning Province).

The earliest murals in China are in Liaoning Province.

The earliest mural in China is in Dunhuang, Gansu Province.

The earliest in the Neolithic period, called petroglyphs, the development of murals can be traced back to the Stone Age, Inner Mongolia Yinshan petroglyphs are one of the earliest petroglyphs. There, our ancestors created many of these images over a period of about 10,000 years, and these interconnected images connected the entire mountain into a 300-kilometer-long gallery from east to west. It is speculated that it was the inspiration of religion or witchcraft that prompted the ancestors to work tirelessly to create these images.

Similar images can also be seen in the rock art site of General Cliff of Kongwangshan in Lianyungang in northern Jiangsu.

In addition, it is the Qin Dynasty, the mural remains of the Xianyang Palace in the Qin capital discovered in the 70s of this century give us a taste of the glory of the court painting of the Qin Dynasty for the first time. On the remnants of the corridor of Hall 3 of the Qin Palace Ruins, a marching queue consisting of seven carriages was found, each of which was pulled by four galloping horses; Another surviving mural depicts a court maid. These figures are painted directly on the wall, without prior outline, and can be considered the earliest example of the "boneless" method in traditional Chinese painting.

It should be the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when Buddhism flourished, so I like to build Buddhist caves and paint murals.

The earliest frescoes appeared in the Han Dynasty. As early as the Han Dynasty, there are records of painting on the walls, mostly on the walls of grottoes, tombs or temples.

According to historical records, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty painted statues of gods in Ganquan Palace. From the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism prevailed, and there were many murals in temples and Taoist temples. The Dunhuang murals have preserved a large number of outstanding works of art at that time.

Guo Moruo's "Li Bai and Du Fu Du Fu's Religious Beliefs": "There is a wall in Taiwei Palace, which is the handwriting of the famous painter Wu Daozi. ”

Fragment of a mural painting in the Qin Imperial Palace in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China, dating back 2,300 years. The Tang Dynasty was the prosperous period of Chinese murals, and that period was the peak period of Chinese mural art, creating many famous murals in ancient and modern times, such as Dunhuang murals and Kizil Grottoes. After the Song Dynasty, the murals gradually declined.

It was not until 1949 that Chinese murals were gradually restored and developed.

Figures of the Qin Dynasty.

The surviving murals in China are mainly found in the mountains.

du west and other places.

Shanxi is Buddhism in the central region of China.

One of the most developed provincial editions of Taoist DAO activities, the right to Buddhist temples, Taoist temples and other religious buildings are extremely prosperous. The number of murals attached to these temples, the long history, and the essence of art are all unique in the country. As far as we know, the temple murals of the province reach 27,259 square meters, from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, stretching continuously, colorful.

The murals of the Tang Dynasty of Foguang Temple in Shanxi, the murals of the five dynasties of Dayun Temple are the only murals of the temple in China, the murals of the Song Dynasty of Kaihua Temple, the murals of the Jin Dynasty of Yanshan Temple, the Taoist murals of Yongle Palace in Ruicheng, etc., are all masterpieces in ancient Chinese murals, which have been well preserved so far.

The Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Caves, are located in Dunhuang at the western end of the Hexi Corridor. It was built in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, after the construction of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Northern Dynasties, the Sui, the Tang, the Five Dynasties, the Western Xia, the Yuan and other dynasties, forming a huge scale, there are 735 caves, 10,000 square meters of murals, 2,415 clay colored sculptures, it is the world's largest existing scale, the most abundant Buddhist art place.

Mogao Grottoes and Shanxi Datong Yungang Grottoes, Henan Luoyang Longmen Grottoes, Gansu Tianshui Maijishan Grottoes are known as China's four major grottoes.

The characteristics of the painting are reflected in the architecture, the subjective intention of the color, the decoration of the color, the diversity of the form, etc., the mural is an ancient form of painting, mainly refers to the pattern painted on the wall or ceiling of the building, it is divided into rough bottom murals, brush murals and decorative murals, etc., there are three main forms of ancient murals in China, namely ancient Chinese tomb murals, ancient Chinese cave temple murals and ancient Chinese temple murals.

A mural is a painting that is painted directly on the wall, which is the "characteristic" of the mural, and the painting that is painted directly on the wall using any kind of technique can be used for decoration, and it belongs to the "mural".