What was the root cause of the fall of the Ming Dynasty? What are the reasons for the fall of the Mi

The Ming Dynasty began in Shenzong, there were all kinds of shortcomings in the government, many people said that the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen, was incompetent, which led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, in fact, it was one-sided, the Ming Dynasty has been weak for a long time, and Emperor Chongzhen has been unable to return to the sky, and the contradictions between all parties have intensified. During the reign of Emperor Chongzhen, the contradictions were further intensified due to natural disasters, and finally an uprising led by Li Zicheng broke out, leading to the fall of the Ming Dynasty.

Monetization.

The monetization of the Ming Dynasty reached an unprecedented peak, and the Ming themselves almost did not produce silver, and the inflow mostly relied on the Spaniards or Portuguese from South America and Japan, which was equivalent to the Ming Dynasty itself had no currency issuance rights at all, and the financial foundation was in the hands of the West (as in some South American and African countries now), resulting in a very limited ability to regulate and control the economy.

Why was it fully monetized in the Ming Dynasty? At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued copper coins, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were also officially issued "Ming Treasure Banknotes" banknotes. However, the shape of the copper coin is bad, and the treasure banknote is later printed indiscriminately, greatly depreciated, and is like rotten iron and waste paper has been discarded, which makes the most unintervenable and irrepressible become the main currency of the market.

In the early and middle of the Ming Dynasty, the sea ban, the pirates were rampant but the situation could still be controlled, since the beginning of the Longqing switch in the middle and late periods, although only a corner of the moon port was opened, it still greatly promoted the sea, and a large number of people poured into China, but the Ming court did not have enough reasonable control over this, because the Ming Dynasty's own social commodities were extremely low, and a large number of hoards that flowed into the homes of the officials could not be circulated at all. In the end, it is to fall into the strange circle of "no money to pay, no money for the people to pay taxes", everyone has no money, where does the money go? The money is pressed under the bed of some people and can't get out, why can't it come out?

The commodity economy is backward and does not move.

In the past dynasties, when the middle and late dynasties encountered a major financial crisis, an important method was to issue currency indiscriminately, in order to achieve the purpose of looting the wealth of the common people and nobles at the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first promoter of the large-scale use of this means, and continued to be used as a reference for future generations. But by the end of the Ming Dynasty, because he had no right to issue hard currency in the market at all, that is, he didn't even have the ability to issue currency indiscriminately to continue his life, and finally suffocated himself in a very painful way.

Of course, this kind of problem cannot be completely blamed on Ming Ting**, which was a worldwide problem at that time. For example, the Spaniards, although the Spaniards can enslave South America and dig **, but in essence, these ** are not theirs, they are South American, which is equivalent to "South American distribution". When the Spanish maritime supremacy was challenged by the Dutch and the British, it became more and more difficult to dig, and the finances of the Habsburg family system of power, which dominated Europe, became more and more in crisis, and finally collapsed.

It was not until 1776 that an English scholar published a masterpiece of economics, which finally pointed out this hidden problem in the dark, and his country, therefore, did not repeat the mistakes of its predecessors, and continued to maintain world hegemony for hundreds of years until the arrival of a new economic era.

The immediate cause of the fall of the Ming Dynasty was the problem of displaced people. The two main factors: the Malthusian trap and the corruption of the officials.

An important reason for the fall of the Ming Dynasty was land annexation and corruption in the administration of officials. In the late Ming Dynasty, the phenomenon of land annexation was very serious, and the elite relied on their power to seize land from the peasants at the bottom. This has a terrible consequence.

The first is that the elite can be exempted from paying taxes to the state through various privileges, while the peasants have no taxes to pay after losing their land, so the state revenue is greatly reduced.

The fundamental reasons for the fall of the Ming Dynasty were: first, the darkness of politics and the corruption of the system; second, the gradual strengthening of foreign enemies; Third, the growth of the domestic population has left too many people without food.

The first and second articles were the basis for the Ming Dynasty's remorse and reverence, and the "food problem" was the main reason for the fall of the Ming Dynasty. The peasant uprisings at the end of the Ming Dynasty mainly came from northern Shaanxi. Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong were both from northern Shaanxi, and the backbone of the peasant rebel army was also dominated by hungry people in northern Shaanxi.

In fact, at that time, there were not many big landlords in northern Shaanxi, and they were basically small farmers.

The reason for the peasant uprising was that because of the famine, the population at the end of the Ming Dynasty was approaching 200 million, the space for food growth was exhausted, it was difficult to bear, and there was a verge of collapse in all aspects. Another problem is that there are many soldiers and reservists in the northwest, which is the "arsenal" of the Ming Dynasty army. The Ming army in the northwest lived really miserably.

During the Chongzhen period, Governor Lu Xiangsheng inspected the border and reported to the imperial court the tragic situation of the soldiers in the northwest.

The name of the country of the Ming Dynasty

According to legend, Zhu Yuanzhang initially set the world, and the founding of the country was intended to be in Dazhong, and even if he prayed for the sky, he would get the Ming Dynasty. It is also known as the Emperor Ming, and it was called the former Ming Dynasty during the Qing Dynasty. And because the royal family surname is Zhu, he is called Zhu Ming.

There are many sayings about the name of the Ming Dynasty, which is generally believed to be related to religion, Wu Han and others believe that the source of the Ming name is Mingjiao, and Hu Axiang of Nanjing University believes that this country name comes from the White Lotus Sect, and the source is Buddhism. Zhu Yuanzhang has a part of the Ming Sect, and uses "Ming" as the name of the country to show the orthodox status, and at the same time should also respond to the prophecy of "the birth of the Ming King" in the Ming Religion.

Secondly, the simile of fire, according to the five virtues, means that the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty with fire to overcome gold. Another point of view is that the name of the Ming Dynasty comes from the "Zhou Yi Qian" "The End of the Ming Dynasty", and the name of the Yuan Dynasty is the same as the same code, symbolizing the change between the Yuan and the Ming Dynasty.

The above content refers to the encyclopedia Bishen-Ming Dynasty.

The fundamental reason for the fall of the Ming Dynasty was the economic problems of the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty had serious inflation, and the demand became larger, but the imperial court could not meet the needs of the market, and the people at the bottom became increasingly poor, which led to the aggravation of class contradictions, and combined with various reasons, the great empire of the Ming Dynasty collapsed.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Red Turban Uprising broke out, and Zhu Yuanzhang joined Guo Zixing's team, later known as King Wu, and was known as Western Wu in history. In 1449, after the change of Tumubao, it turned from prosperity to decline, and then revived by Hongzhi Zhongxing and Wanli Zhongxing. In the late Ming Dynasty, political corruption, Donglin party disputes, and natural disasters led to the decline of national strength, and peasant uprisings broke out.

Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished.

The military system of the Ming Dynasty

The guard system is to set up guard posts and garrisons in important military places throughout the country, and there are 5,600 guards in the army, and there are 1,000 households, 100 households, general flags and small flags and other units in order, and each guard station is subordinate to the governor's office of the five armies, and is also subordinate to the military department. The army ** is a hereditary military household, and each household sends one person to serve as a soldier in the guard, and the soldiers take turns to guard and tuntian in the guard, and the income from tuntian is used to supply the needs of the army and generals.

During the Jiajing period, in response to the Japanese Rebellion, the general Qi Jiguang recruited militia for training in Zhejiang to replace the unbearable guards. It was precisely because of the inadequacy of the regular army of the Ming Dynasty that these militias became combat units that gradually took on the maintenance of the effective rule of the Ming Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty.