Which country developed the world s first ornithopter?

Perhaps the earliest ornithopter was described by the English monk Roger Bacon in his 1250 essay "The Craft and the Mysteries of Nature": "A machine for flight, in which a man sits on it, and by means of a driving apparatus makes artificial wings flutter up and down the air, imitating as far as possible the movements of a bird." "At the beginning of the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci of Italy was a literary and scientific giant of the European Renaissance.

He had a passion for flying, and he was also a well-known figure in the study of ornithopters. In 1930, an Italian ornithopter model flew test.

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The ornithopter "is powered by a flapping wing (movable wings or wings), which is actually a flying robot that can flap its own wings." Developed by the Toronto Space Institute and SRI International, a non-profit research and development company based in Menlo Park, California, the Gate is the world's first hovering ornithopter.

Problems need to be addressed.

In order for the ornithopter to really come in handy, it has to pass several "technical hurdles". First, the researchers had to make the artificial muscles installed on the aircraft produce wing movements. Second, the researchers also had to enable the aircraft to slowly transition from hovering to horizontal flight.

Thirdly, the prototype consumes too much energy, is there a ornithopter with practical value that has been developed?

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Good afternoon Kiss Good afternoon I'm glad that you haven't made a practical flapping wing yet, the ornithopter "is powered by a flapping wing (movable wings or wings), which is actually a flying robot that can flap its own wings." Developed by the Toronto Space Institute and SRI International, a non-profit research and development company based in Menlo Park, California, the Gate is the world's first hovering ornithopter. It is necessary to solve the problem, and in order for the "ornithopter" to really come in handy, it has to pass several "technical barriers".

First, the researchers had to make the artificial muscles installed on the aircraft produce wing movements. Second, the researchers also had to enable the aircraft to slowly transition from hovering to horizontal flight. Debate the third, the prototype machine consumes too much silver, dear, I hope my answer will be helpful to you, but if you don't know how to do it, you can continue to ask Bi.

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1. Carl Boness, the founder of modern wingsuits, fell to his death due to a mistake in a flight in 1984.

2. Wingsuit flight, also known as close-range sky gliding, refers to the movement of a flyer wearing a wingsuit jumping from a tall building, tower, bridge, cliff, *** and other heights to carry out unpowered flight in the air. In general, the landing altitude of the flyer is limited, and it is necessary to adjust the posture to match and open the parachute bag in a short time. Therefore, wingsuit flying is extremely challenging and adventurous, and is known as "the world's best extreme sports".

So far, people have not made a practical ornithopter, but the research on the fluttering ornithopter has made great progress. The insect wing aircraft being developed is to convert the flapping action into rotational motion to achieve the effect of flapping wing.

The wings of the two pairs of wings of the traditional biplane are set up with end wings, and the tips of the two layers of wings are connected and fixed by the end wings to form a double-port box-shaped structure, so as to increase the wing strength of the biplane and reduce the induced resistance of the wing end, which can increase the bearing capacity of the whole aircraft and the mechanical properties of the wing such as bending, torsion, shear and pressure. The structure can be used on a variety of aircraft. When used in canard UAVs, it can reduce the material requirements of the aircraft and increase the lift at the same time, so that it can expand the scope of use in many fields such as remote sensing and telemetry, meteorology, and environmental protection.

It was invented by Yan Yulin in China.

An ornithopter is a heavier-than-air aircraft whose wings flutter like the wings of birds and insects. The flapping wings generate both lift and forward propulsion. Due to the many unsolved problems in the control technology, materials and construction involved in the design of the ornithopter, although the ornithopter model has been successfully flown since 1930, it is still in the stage of model making and design.

In ancient times, our ancestors thought of building machines that could fly like birds to help people realize their dreams of spreading their wings and flying, which was the basis for the birth of modern ornithopters and gliders.

In 1250, Roger Bacon wrote about the idea of an ornithopter, and in the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci made a specific design, but it was never successful.

After Leonardo da Vinci, a Turk wore a wide framed cloak and flew using the flapping wing principle, but the frame could not withstand the air resistance and broke, and the Turk was killed. In 1678, a French locksmith named Bennier also built an ornithopter. He carried two poles on his shoulders, each with a pair of hinged rectangular fins at the ends.

The rod end swings upwards, the fins are retracted, and the wings swing downwards, the fins. After many experiments, Bennier never succeeded. In 1742, at the age of 62, Bachéville leaped from the roof of a Paris hotel with four wings tied to his limbs in an attempt to cross the Seine.

But halfway through the flight, he crashed into the river and crashed into the boat, breaking his leg.

The idea of ornithopters has been around for a long time. During the Western Han Dynasty in China, someone once made two extra-large wings with the feathers of a big bird, and then this person flew down from a tall building with his wings. He flew only a few hundred paces, and although he did not succeed, it was a valuable attempt.

I don't know how many years later, similar experiments were done in Britain, Arabia, and Turkey. However, these people are not all so lucky. It is said that with the exception of one Turk who flew several kilometers away, the others either broke their legs or fell to their deaths, causing tragedy.

In the 15th century, the genius Italian designer Leonardo da Vinci designed a bird-like wing-flapping machine equipped with wings that could flutter with its feet. This may have been the precursor to the modern ornithopter.

In 1930, an Italian ornithopter model was test-flown and weighed about a kilogram with a kilowatt (horsepower) engine.

The movement form of the flapping wing aircraft is complex, and in order to achieve precise control of the movement, the number of moving joints will be greatly increased. It is unrealistic to use mechanical structure control for so many moving joints, and the output torque is also a big problem if the electronic control of the servo is used, that is, even if it is active, the power is not enough, and if the force is enough, the volume will also increase with the increase of the mold lead. The locomotor functions of organisms are all cell-based, proteins are all molecular-level destruction, and if a machine wants to simulate a living organism, the volume and energy required for the same function are far greater than that of an organism.

It is very difficult to simulate the muscles of living beings mechanically.

Therefore, the design of the flapping wing aircraft is a big problem, even if the correct movement is designed, it will be too heavy to fly, and the difficulty of flight control will be greatly increased.