What is an electrostatic precipitator and what are its components?

The principle of electrostatic precipitator: according to the principle of "opposites attract, similarities repel", after the gas is ionized, a large number of free electrons and positive and negative ions will move to the opposite pole. In the process of movement, they collide with the dust particles in the flue gas stream and adsorb on them, so that the dust particles are charged, which is the dust particle charge.

According to Coulomb's law, the magnitude of the force experienced by the charge in the electric field is directly proportional to the amount of charge of the charge, therefore, the greater the charge of the particle, the greater the force of the electric field, and the easier it is to collect. The principle of electrostatic precipitator: dust particle collection; The process of dust particle collection is the process by which charged particles move at an accelerated pace in an electric field.

Negatively charged particles move towards the anode plate, and positively charged particles move towards the cathode plate. In the electric field, because there are more negatively charged dust particles than positively charged dust particles, most of the charged dust particles move towards the anode plate, and finally neutralize with the positive charge on the anode plate and adsorb on it to obtain dust collection. Only a small number of positively charged particles move towards the cathode and eventually attach to the cathode line and collect.

The equipment that separates the dust from the flue gas is called a dust collector or dust removal equipment. The performance of the dust collector is expressed in terms of the amount of gas that can be handled, the loss of resistance as the gas passes through the collector, and the dust collection efficiency. At the same time, the first time of the dust collector, the operation and maintenance costs, the length of service life and the difficulty of operation and management are also important factors to consider its performance.

Dust collectors are commonly used in boilers and industrial production. The electric bag composite dust collector is in a box, a short electric field is installed at the front end, and a filter bag field is installed at the back end, and the smoke and dust are introduced from the left end, first passing through the electric field area, and the dust particles are charged in the electric field area and 80% 90% of the dust is collected. (Give full play to the advantages of electrostatic precipitator and reduce the load of the bag yard).

The flue gas part passing through the electric field enters the bag area after passing through the electric field area, and enters the inner cavity of the filter bag through the outer surface of the filter bag, and the dust is trapped on the outer surface of the filter bag, and the pure gas is discharged from the inner cavity exhaust flue and discharged from the flue. The electric bag composite dust collector combines the advantages of the electric precipitator and the pure bag dust collector, which is a new generation of dust removal technology, and there are nearly 200 sets of electric bag composite dust collectors in China today.

The difference between the water level alone cannot maintain a constant water flow, but with the help of a water pump, a certain water level difference can be maintained and a constant water flow can be formed by continuously sending water from low to high places. Similarly, the electrostatic field generated by the charge alone cannot maintain a stable current, but with the help of a DC power supply, the positive charge can be returned from the negative electrode with a lower potential to the positive electrode with a higher potential by using the non-static electrostatic action (referred to as "non-electrostatic force") to maintain the potential difference between the two electrodes, thus forming a stable current.

The non-electrostatic force in a DC power supply is directed from the negative pole to the positive pole. When the DC power supply is connected to the external circuit, the current from the positive electrode to the negative opening and collapsing electrode is formed outside the power supply (external circuit) due to the promotion of the electric field force. Inside the power supply (internal circuit), the action of the non-electrostatic force causes the current to flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, so that the flow of charge forms a closed cycle.

An important characteristic quantity that represents the power supply itself is the electromotive force of the power supply, which is equal to the work done by the non-electrostatic force when the unit positive charge moves from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the inside of the power supply.

When the internal resistance of the power supply is negligible, the electromotive force of the power supply can be considered to be approximately equal in magnitude to the potential difference or voltage between the two poles of the power supply.

In order to obtain a higher DC voltage, the DC power supply is often used in series, and the total electromotive force is the sum of the electromotive forces of each power supply, and the total internal resistance is also the sum of the internal resistance of each power supply. Due to the increased internal resistance, it can generally only be used in circuits with a small required current intensity. In order to obtain a larger current intensity, the DC power supply with equal electromotive force can be used in parallel, and the total electromotive force is the electromotive force of a single power supply, and the total internal resistance is the parallel value of the resistance in each power supply.

There are many types of DC power supplies, and in different types of DC power supplies, the nature of non-electrostatic force is different, and the process of energy conversion is also different. In chemical batteries (e.g., dry batteries, storage batteries, etc.), non-electrostatic force is a chemical action associated with the dissolution and deposition process of ions, when the chemical battery is discharged, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy and Joule heating In the temperature difference power supply (such as metal thermocouple, semiconductor thermocouple), the non-electrostatic force is the diffusion effect associated with the temperature difference and the concentration difference of electrons, and the thermal energy is partially converted into electrical energy when the thermostatic power supply provides power to the external circuit. In DC generators, the non-electrostatic force is electromagnetic induction, and when the DC generator supplies power, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical quiet circle energy and Joule heating.

In photocells, the non-electrostatic force is the effect of the photogenerated voltaic effect, and when the photocell is powered, the light energy is converted into electrical energy and Joule heating. If you want to know more about it, you can consult Beijing Oriental Zhongke Integrated Technology Co., Ltd., thank you!

Electrostatic precipitator principle:

1. The electrostatic precipitator adopts the method of charging electric field and separating electric field, the metal rod of the discharge electrode is connected to the negative pole of the high-voltage DC power supply, the dust collection electrode is grounded as the positive electrode, and the dust collector can be a round tube or a flat plate;

2. After the power is turned on, under the action of the electric field, the free ions in the air will move to the poles, the higher the voltage, the higher the electric field strength, and the faster the ion movement;

3. Due to the movement of ions, an electric current is formed between the poles. At the beginning, there are fewer free ions in the air, less current in the spring, after the voltage rises to a certain value, the ions near the discharge electrode gain higher energy and velocity, and when they hit the neutral atoms in the air, the neutral atoms will decompose into positive and negative ions;

1.A gas dust removal method, dust-containing gas is electronically separated by a high-voltage electrostatic field, and the dust particles are combined with negative ions to carry negative electricity, and tend to be discharged on the surface of the anode and deposited.

2.It is used in metallurgy, chemical and other industries to purify gases or useful dust particles. A dust collection method that ionizes a gas by using an electrostatic field so that dust particles are electrically adsorbed onto the electrode.

In a strong electric field, air molecules are ionized into positive ions and electrons, and the electrons encounter dust particles in the process of running to the positive electrode, so that the dust particles are negatively adsorbed to the positive electrode and collected.

3.Of course, in recent years, through technological innovation, there are also negative plate dust collection methods, which used to be used in coal-fueled factories and power stations to collect coal ash and dust in flue gas. In metallurgy, oxides such as tin, zinc, lead, and aluminum are used to collect oxides, and now there are also dust removal and sterilization products that can be used in household applications.

Further reading: Compared with other dust removal equipment, the electrostatic precipitator consumes less energy and has high dust removal efficiency, which is suitable for removing 0 01-50 m dust in the flue gas, and can be used in the occasion of high flue gas temperature and high pressure. Practice has shown that the larger the amount of flue gas processed, the more economical the investment and operating costs of using the electrostatic precipitator.

Electrostatic precipitators usually include two parts: the body and the power supply. The body part is a behemoth, which allows the treatment object to pass through and separate the suspended particles, and the body part of the electrostatic precipitator can be roughly divided into three parts: internal parts, support parts and auxiliary parts. The internals include four parts: anode system, anode beating, cathode system and cathode beating, which are the core components of the electrostatic precipitator and the heart of the electrostatic precipitator.

The supporting components include the shell, the top cover, the ash hopper, the ash hopper windshield, the inlet and outlet heads, the low beam, the walkway in the dust, the airflow distribution device, etc.

Auxiliary components include ladder platform, top bracket, electric heating of ash hopper, ash hopper level gauge, steel branch, etc.