What era was China in at the time of the revival of several civilizations 5

First, the Xia Dynasty is one of the birthplaces of the world's four major civilizations.

Second, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Chinese rebellion, is one of the earliest records of the exact chronology in the history of the world.

Third, the Qin Dynasty, the first time in Chinese history to complete the unification of feudal society, and was one of the first countries in the world to enter the feudal society from a slave society.

Fourth, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, defeated the invasion of the Xiongnu and completed the prosperity of the Han Dynasty.

Fifth, the Tang Dynasty, the rule of Zhenguan, the prosperous era of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Chinese feudal society reached the highest peak in history. It became one of the two super-empires in the world on a par with the Eastern Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire. That is, the international status of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Sixth, the Northern Song Dynasty, in the Sichuan region of China, gave birth to the first paper money in the history of the world, Jiaozi.

Seventh, during the Yuan Dynasty, China's territory was the largest in the world, stretching from present-day Alaska in North America in the east, Hungary in present-day Europe in the west, Hanoi in present-day Vietnam in the south, and the Arctic Ocean in the north.

Eighth, at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, the first long-distance voyage in human history. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, China was still in the leading position in the world in terms of national power.

Ninth, in the early Qing Dynasty, especially in the early and middle periods of Kangxi Yongzheng and Qianlong, China's position in the world was still relatively strong. Under the premise of the industrialization of world capitalism and the globalization of colonialism, the Chinese feudal regime"Cohesion"It was so powerful that the invasion of external imperialism was greatly slowed down. The main reason is that the feudal society has reached the end of the road, and there is no big room for development, not to mention, backward, other countries have completed the entry into the capitalist era ahead of schedule, especially the rise of Japan, and it has become impossible for the Chinese nation to survive under the feudal social system.

Therefore, the only way to change is to go beyond the existing system and carry out reform, that is, to promote the awakening of the Chinese nation from the objective side.

Tenth, after the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978, the 550 years since the middle of the Ming Dynasty in 1428 were completed, either closed off from the country or forced to be humiliated under unfair conditions"The door is open", to achieve the development of the real first in history and the development of foreign capitalist empires on an equal footing with cooperation.

The four major civilizations are now all in ruins except for China, Iraq is now in ruins, India is still equivalent to a feudal society (hierarchy), and Egypt is no better, how can it be said that it is revived, it is estimated that after their revival, our country is already communist.

I don't know if you're talking about the Renaissance or ......

In fact, the Chinese civilization appeared later than the other three major civilizations, and people basically counted it at least a thousand years ago.

5,000 years ago, China has entered the stage of civilization, the emergence of the country, and the "era of ancient countries".

China's Chinese civilization exploration project has carried out large-scale archaeological investigation and excavation in several important Duyi sites dating back to 5500-3500 years ago, such as the Liangzhu site in Yuhang, Zhejiang, the Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi, the Shiyuan site in Shenmu, Shaanxi, and the Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan, and has achieved important results in multidisciplinary comprehensive research.

For example, the Liangzhu site in northern Zhejiang was built about 5,000 years ago, this site was built on a swamp, in order to prevent the invasion of the city by flash floods in the north, before the construction of a manpower was mobilized to build a long kilometer, 10 meters wide giant dam, or water conservancy project.

Outside the inner city there is a larger, about 2,600 meters long and wide, larger site. The total amount of work is 12 million cubic meters, according to preliminary estimates.

According to preliminary estimates, it would take 10 years or more to use 10,000 laborers. To be able to organize such a large-scale manpower to carry out such a large-scale project, if it is just a tribe or a coalition is unthinkable, it should be a mobilization of manpower in a very large area.

In addition to high-ranking palaces, high-ranking tombs were also built on altars. There are often hundreds of burial goods in a tomb, especially the well-made jade cong jade bi, which is related to religion, and the very delicately made **-jade, and even some short-handled jade, which is obviously a symbol of military command power.

Therefore, this is a society with quite serious class division, this is a society that has produced rights and royal power, so it is believed that it should be represented by this, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 5,000 years ago has entered the stage of ancient civilization. Here's an example.

China has a rudimentary civilization as early as 6,000 years ago, and civilization just began 5,000 years ago (Dayu Lixia), but the international community generally believes that it began from the Shang Dynasty (after Xia).

China entered the era of civilization when the Xia Dynasty established a feudal dynasty, changing from a public world to a private world, and the concept is the concept of having a state organization.

With language can communicate, without language it is inconvenient to communicate and record, with language there is writing, and there are some new items, and the way of recording has also been improved.

This concept is actually a bit broad, for example, like our China up and down 5000 years, in the Zhou Dynasty entered the era of the world, but the previous Xia and Shang, although the Xia Dynasty has not yet been able to confirm its existence of a clear research, but the supermarket into slavery and primitive society is also a civilized era, so when to enter the era of civilization, this topic is very broad, we need to distinguish which degree of civilization era, even if it is our ancient Hemudu period, it is also a civilization era.

I think it was the Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century BC – 16th century BC).

First of all, the Xia Dynasty marked the beginning of the slave society in our country. The state apparatus was established, and the hereditary system of the throne replaced the Zen system. Technically, bronze tools have been used, bronze smelting techniques have been used, and wooden tools have been used for farming, stone knives and mussels have been used to harvest crops, and primitive irrigation techniques have been used.

Most importantly, archaeological discoveries have found symbols engraved on pottery from the Banpo clan site in Shaanxi Province, dating back 5,000 to 6,000 years, which is thought to be the origin of Chinese writing. (That's why we say that China has a 5,000-year-old civilization, and this explanation is in a junior high school history textbook!) )

Finally, the culture before the summer is called, such as: Banpo culture, Longshan culture. After the summer, it is called civilization, such as: Chinese Xia civilization, Shang civilization, Western Zhou civilization and so on.

Therefore, our country entered the era of civilization from the Xia Dynasty.

When did our country enter the age of civilization? Academically, domestic scholars and foreign scholars have different views on this point. The domestic belief is that it was in the Xia Dynasty, and the foreign one believes that in the Shang Dynasty, the domestic scholars were based on historical documents, and the foreign scholars were based on archaeological excavations.

The Xia Dynasty has not been confirmed by archaeological excavations, but exists in a large number of ancient documents.

"The change of Zhou and Qin "In addition to the successful establishment of the Qin Dynasty,It was of great significance to China to unify the six ancient kingdoms, the integration of the cultures of the six countries, so it is the first major change in the history of Chinese civilization.

Chinese civilization has a long history, with a history of more than 5,000 yearsThe establishment of the Qin Dynasty was the first dynasty in ancient civilization to be largely unified。This is different from the previous Xia, Shang, and Zhou, because in the strict sense of the word, Xia, Shang, and Zhou cannot be said to be a dynasty, to be precise, a tribe, and the power between them is alternated through the internal tribal alliance, rather than passed on through the heirs, which is a relatively big change from the Qin Dynasty in this sense.

MoreoverThe Xia, Shang, and Zhou were all tribes from different regions during the same periodFor example, during the period of King Wu of Zhou, the land of the Shang Dynasty was divided among other princes, but no other arrangements were made for the royal family members of the Shang Dynasty, and the bloodline of the Shang Dynasty still existed in the Song State in the later Warring States Period.

"The biggest change in Zhou Qin is in the economic, political and social structure, which isFor the first time in China's history, there was a real social transformation。Traditionally, it was described as "evolving from a slave society to a feudal society", and the establishment of the Qin Dynasty allowed the centralization of power to be started, thus continuing for later generations.

Its occurrence is the inevitable result of history, the times are progressing, there is the heyday of King Wu of Zhou, with the promotion and development of history, ancient China has entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In particular, the melee during the Warring States period made the common people yearn for reunification. The unification of countries in the Qin Dynasty was a social trend at that time, and it was also able to enable the common people to live and work in peace and contentment as soon as possible and end the era of war.

It was precisely because of the Qin Dynasty that unified the countries and the feudal social system was established, and this system continued for the next two thousand years, even when the nomads entered the Central Plains and established the Yuan Dynasty. It was not until the initiation of the Xinhai Revolution in the last century that China came out of the feudal social system.

The first major change was indeed the change of Zhou Qin. The representative system of the Zhou Dynasty was the feudal system, and the representative system of the Qin Dynasty was the county system. This change determined China's system for the next 2,000 years, and the centralization and unification of power became the mainstream of Chinese dynasties.

The Zhou and Qin changes were the first real social transformation in Chinese history, the economic system reform brought about social changes, China moved towards unification, and the basic system formed by this change lasted in China for 2,000 years.

Yes, before the Zhou and Qin dynasties, China was a unified large empire, and after this transformation China began to become independent small states.