Whether the association is a formal or informal group

Formal and informal groups are groups that are divided according to the principles and ways in which they are formed. The main differences between them are:

1. A formal group refers to a group with certain rules and regulations, established goals, fixed establishment and group norms, and members occupy a specific position and play a certain role. Informal groups refer to groups that are formed spontaneously on the basis of personal likes and dislikes, interests, etc., without fixed goals, and without status and role relationships between members.

2. Formal groups have certain structures and norms of mutual relations, that is, there is a clear code of conduct. Informal groups also have certain structures and norms of interrelationships, but they are often not explicitly stipulated, and leaders will naturally emerge from among the group members, and the behavior of group members will be regulated by the norms that naturally form in the group.

3. It is inevitable and normal for informal groups to arise in formal groups. The goals developed in informal groups largely determine the attitudes of group members towards labour and management, and thus have a significant impact on labour productivity. Of course, there are also cases where informal groups contradict formal groups and interfere with the achievement of the stated goals of the formal group as a whole.

A community is a mutually beneficial organization of people who share certain common characteristics. Nature: Chinese associations generally have two basic organizational characteristics: non-profit and non-governmental.

There is a clear distinction between a community and an organization, an informal organization, or a natural group.

The club is a formal group, first, it is organized by the school, second, it has strict rules and regulations, students must go through the process of asking for leave, inform the teacher, third, it has teacher intervention, the formal group is mainly an informal group, depending on who organized it, the formal group is organized by the school, the class teacher, and the informal group is organized by the students.

There are eleven types of informal groups: interest-based; Dough Bird Loss Faith Type; Purposeful; There is a need for complementarity; Pressure combination type; Relatives and friends of the collapsed god family; Entertaining; aggressive; Negative; Intermediate; Destructive.

Extension: The nature of informal groups is not fixed, it can be transformed. For example, a negative informal group, after proper transformation, can also be transformed into a positive informal group, if it is a positive informal group, without the correct guidance of the New Year, it will also be transformed into a negative informal group.

The role of informal groups is not necessarily negative and positive, for example, there are some informal groups that are negative, but it may have some positive effects on formal groups.

1. Interest:

Because of the unity of the interests of its members, it has the strongest cohesion and obvious role, and it is easy to determine whether it is an informal group.

2. Faith-based:

It is formed by the common beliefs and views of its members, and the cohesion is strong, but because it is a combination of ideas, except for issues related to beliefs and views, the role of the group is not very obvious.

3. Purpose:

Formed by the fact that its members want to achieve a certain goal, the motivation for such a purpose may vary, and once the goal is achieved, the group may disintegrate.

4. Need to be complementary:

Because its members are similar or similar in some aspects, such as quality and personality, they are "like each other", or they are not the same, but they can complement each other. Such informal groups are looser.

5. Pressure combination type:

It is formed by external forces or pressures, and if the external forces disappear or change, the group itself may also change.

6. Family relatives and friends:

Because its members have family and friend relationships, it has strong cohesion, and the role of mutual help internally and external self-defense is obvious.

7. Entertainment:

Formed due to the same interests and hobbies, the cohesion is not very strong, and the group role is not obvious.

8. Positive:

It plays a positive role in the construction of organizational goals, formal groups and the growth of members, such as the spontaneous formation of technical personnel in key research groups, technical expert groups, etc.

9. Negative type:

It has a negative impact on the goals of the organization, the construction of formal groups, and the growth of members, such as informal groups often getting together to complain.

10. Intermediate:

There is no obvious positive or negative role for organizations and formal groups, such as amateur poetry associations, basketball teams, etc.

12. Destructive type.

It has obvious destructive and interfering effects on the goals and tasks of the organization and the construction of formal groups, such as some informal groups encourage members to slack off, destroy tools, gamble, fight, and so on.

It is important to note here:

First, the nature of the group role of informal groups is not fixed and can be transformed, for example, if the informal group that plays an active role is not well guided or adopts an incorrect attitude towards it, its role may be transformed; Informal groups that play a negative role may also be transformed into an active informal group with appropriate work.

Second, the role of informal groups is often not absolutely positive or absolutely negative, for example, some informal groups may have a positive effect on the formal group while the role of the informal group is detrimental to the organization.

The concept of informal group was proposed by the American psychologist Meyer in the Hawthorne experiment, also known as the natural group, which is a group that people spontaneously form in social life and interaction without the recognition or approval of any authority, and are connected by feelings and informal rules.

1. Create a good and positive class atmosphere.

Guide members of informal groups to learn from each other and help each other. Encourage positive informal groups and encourage them to make progress.

2. Strengthen the communication and cooperation of all groups in the class.

A cohesive class is not simply a sum of the various groups, but a large whole. Guide students to communicate and cooperate more with each other as a whole, and strengthen communication between various groups. Promote the common progress of each group through group mutual assistance.

3. Transform negative groups.

There are small groups with negative tendencies, they are self-centered and highly egoistic. This kind of group should be transformed and evacuated, and the most important thing is to transform the "core people" in the group. You can contact and talk with these students, grasp the ideological dynamics of the group through them, and listen to their voices.

Characteristics of informal groups.

1. Spontaneity.

Informal groups are formed spontaneously, without organizational names, constitutions and systems, and are not stereotyped groups, and the similarity of psychological patterns is the basis for its generation.

2. The number of people is small, and the "smell" is similar, ranging from a few to a dozen people.

3. There are "core figures".

The core characters are generally capable, authoritative, or easy-going, uncaring, cheerful and outgoing. They play a role model, regulation, and leadership in the group, and their status and role are spontaneously formed by group members in their interactions and activities. The change of the core character will have a radiating effect on the group.

4. Strong constraints and poor stability.

This kind of group is a voluntary combination, relying on moral and emotional factors to constrain the behavior of members, and once the emotional factors weaken or disappear, they will automatically disperse or regroup.

5. Exclusivity.

Group members often conflict with people outside the group because they protect the interests of their own members.

Informal group: A group of people formed spontaneously in the course of their activities without the recognition or approval of any authority. The existence of informal groups is based on the need for social interaction. In formal groups, informal groups arise due to the special needs of people's social interactions, according to emotional relationships such as likes and dislikes, psychological compatibility and incompatibility.

Such groups do not have a fixed number of members, do not have fixed rules and regulations, and therefore, often do not have a fixed form. People who are joined together by common interests, partners in the same house, some in factories or schools"Small groups"、"Coteria"are informal groups.

Formation conditions. With the development of the study of informal groups, researchers have gradually reached some consensus on the conditions, structure, nature, characteristics and basic types of their generation. It is generally accepted that the conditions for the formation of informal groups are:

1.Temporal and spatial conditions.

Time conditions refer to the time when there is a common free reign, or the time for some common work and activities. Spatial conditions refer to the proximity of each other's living and working places, or being common.

For the formation of informal groups, spatiotemporal conditions are entirely external, but necessary. If such conditions can be controlled, the formation and development of informal groups will be controlled in one respect.

2.Convergence of interests or views.

In a formal group, several people agree on something, or everyone has common interests, and it is easy to form an informal group.

3.The psychological condition of the individual.

It mainly refers to the compatibility of temperament and personality due to common values, interests and hobbies. The conditions in this regard are internal and decisive, often determining the degree of stability of an informal group.

4.Have a similar experience or background.

For example, colleagues, fellow villagers, classmates, etc. Informal groups are also divided into three types according to their structure: horizontal, where the status and background of the main members are similar; vertical, which involves different levels of people in a formal group; Mixed, i.e., both of the above ingredients are present.

According to the different nature of informal groups, they can be divided into several types: work-oriented, economical, life-oriented, emotional, mixed-type, etc.

It is generally accepted that informal groups have some basic characteristics; Based on certain interests, opinions, and hobbies, with feelings as a bond; Strong cohesion and behavioral consistency; The head of the group has spiritual dominion over the other members; There is a set of unwritten reward and punishment systems and means that can produce quick results; There is a more sensitive information transmission channel among members; Strong self-defense and xenophobia; Wait a minute.

Management psychology believes that although informal groups are not explicitly defined by organization, they exist objectively. Because members are based on common views, interests, interests, hobbies, etc., it has a relatively strong cohesion and has an important impact on the psychology of its members, and its role sometimes even exceeds that of formal groups. For this reason, managers must not take the existence and development of informal groups lightly.

A group is relative to an individual, and refers to a group of two or more people who are linked together in a certain way to achieve a common goal. Groups are further divided into formal and informal groups. Formal groups are established to fulfill the tasks given to them by the organization.

It has a clear organizational status, rights and responsibilities and scope of responsibilities in the organizational regulations or organizational system. Informal groups refer to diverse and amorphous groups formed by the natural combination of members on the basis of feelings in order to meet individual needs. Informal groups are alliances that have neither a formal structure nor an organization, but are formed naturally by individuals in their work and living environments in order to meet the needs of social interaction.

Features: Members have a common goal; Members have a sense of identity and belonging to the group; There is structure within the group, there are shared values, etc. The group has both productive and sustaining functions.

The value and strength of a group lies in the consistency of the thoughts and behaviors of its members, and this consistency depends on the specificity and degree of standardization of the group's norms. Group norms have the function of maintaining the group, evaluating and guiding members' thoughts and behaviors, and restricting members' thoughts and behaviors. In groups, informal norms exist alongside formal norms.

When informal norms coincide with formal norms, people tend to behave in accordance with informal norms. The constraints of group norms on individual behavior are manifested in obedience and conformity. Group norms affect the changes of individual thoughts and behaviors through the mechanism of internalization and externalization, which is the psychological basis for cultivating good thoughts and good moral character of teachers and students through the establishment and maintenance of good group norms.

1) It is formed spontaneously on the basis of similar psychological characteristics and common psychological needs.

2) The implementation is the logic of feelings, with feelings as the bond of aggregation, and the common feelings and attitudes of the group as the value standard.

3) There is a strong sense of wholeness and pressure within the group, and there is an unwritten code of conduct, which has great binding force on the behavior of its members.

4) There are naturally formed leaders (often called opinion leaders) within the group, who have high prestige and influence.

5) There are sensitive information transmission channels in the group, and the communication between members is deep and smooth.

6) There is a duality of action. Informal groups can be a complementary force to the organization when aligned with the goals of the formal organization; Instead, it will become an alien force to the organization, weakening or hindering the actual sales of the goals of the formal Rock Brother Organization.