What did the Chinese propose more than 2,000 years ago, and what did Zhang Heng propose?

In order to explore the mysteries of the natural world, the young Zhang Heng often closed himself in his study to read and study, and often stood on the observatory to observe the sun, moon and stars. He thought that if he could make an instrument that could look up at the heavens and the earth and predict what was going to happen in the natural world, how good it would be for people to prevent disasters and expose those absurd superstitions.

Therefore, Zhang Heng analyzed and studied the materials he observed from the books and began the work of trial-producing the instrument of "observing the heavens and observing the earth". He first wrote a book called "Lingxian" about his research experience. In this book, he tells people:

The sky is spherical, like an egg, and the sky is like an eggshell, wrapped around the outside of the earth, and the earth is like an egg yolk.

Then, according to the theory of "armillary theory", Zhang Heng began to design and manufacture instruments. I don't know how many stormy mornings and dusks, how many sleepless nights I have survived, an astronomical instrument in the world at that time, the armillary sphere, was born. Much like today's globes, this large copper ball is mounted on an inclined axis, rotated by the force of water, and rotates at exactly the same speed as the Earth rotates around one circle.

And on this man-made celestial body, it is possible to accurately see the stars in space. Zhang Heng said: "There are 2,500 stars in the sky, but we can only see 120 stars on a regular basis.

Later, after hard work, Zhang Heng invented and created the world's first instrument that can predict the world's ground motion instrument. The geokinetic instrument was also cast of steel, shaped like a wine jar, and surrounded by eight dragons, each with a small copper ball in its mouth. As long as the copper ball in the dragon's mouth spits out, it indicates that the ** has happened in that direction.

The test was very effective, and there was not a single inaccurate test.

Zhang Heng's scientific inventions are great, which is due to his love for science since he was a child, his diligent study and unremitting observation of experiments, and his ability to combine book knowledge and practical experience through his own hard research and creation.

Hello. Zhang Heng (78-139), the word Pingzi. Han nationality, a native of Xi'e County, Nanyang County (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province).

He was an outstanding astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, and writer during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he successively served as Langzhong, Taishiling, Shizhong, and Hejian. In his later years, he entered the court as Shangshu due to illness, and died in the fourth year of Yonghe (139) at the age of sixty-two.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, he was posthumously named Western Obo.

In astronomy, Zhang Heng is the author of "Lingxian" and "Armillary Illustrium"; Mathematical works include "The Theory of Arithmetic"; Literary works are represented by "Erjing Fu" and "Guitian Fu", etc., and are known as the "Four Masters of Han Fu" together with Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, and Ban Gu. "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" has 14 volumes of "Zhang Heng Collection", which has been lost for a long time. Zhang Pu, a Ming scholar, compiled "Zhang Hejian Collection".

Zhang Heng has made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese astronomy, mechanical technology and science, invented the armillary sphere and the geodynamic instrument, and is one of the representatives of the armillary theory in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Known as the "Wood Saint" (Ke Sheng) by later generations, because of his outstanding contributions, the United Nations Astronomical Organization named a crater on the far side of the moon "Zhang Heng Crater", and the 1802 asteroid in the solar system was named "Zhang Heng Star". In order to commemorate Zhang Heng, the descendants built the Zhang Heng Museum in Nanyang.

More than 2,000 years ago, the Chinese put forward the concept of "**", and Zhang Heng invented the ground motion instrument.

Zhang Heng, a famous scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, not only made great achievements in astronomical calculations and instrument making, but also made great achievements in astronomical theory. Zhang Heng (78-139) was a native of Xi'e City, Nanyang County (near Beishiqiao Town, Nanyang, Henan), and served as Taishi Ling. In his scientific masterpiece "Lingxian", there is a detailed description of the generation and evolution of the universe.

He said that the creation and evolution of the universe can be divided into three stages:

The first stage is "before the Taisu", in which there is only an emptiness, and there is nothing outside it, so it is "not an image", but the "root" of the "Tao" is contained in it; The second stage is "Taisu Initiation", in which the existence of the Dao root enables "self-existence", and there is a state of "chaos without distinction"; The third stage is the "Yuan Qi Analysis", at this time, "rigidity and softness are separated, and turbidity is displaced." Heaven is made outside, and earth is set inside".

It should be said that Zhang Heng's view has a direct relationship with the ontology of Taoism in the pre-Qin period and the Taoist view of the Han Dynasty. For example, the Song and Yin schools in the Warring States period already had the idea that qi is the origin of all things in the universe. In the Western Han Dynasty, the book "Huainanzi", written by Liu An, the king of Huainan and his disciples, and written in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, also believed that the heavens, earth, sun, moon and stars were all derived from the vitality, and they all had a history of occurrence and development, which was the product of the vitality at different stages of its development.

This idea of the evolution of the universe is in line with dialectics.

Zhang Heng, the word Pingzi, one of the five saints of Nanyang, and Sima Xiangru, Yangxiong, and Ban Gu are known as the four masters of Han Fu. He was a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. He invented the armillary sphere and the geokinetic instrument, and made outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese astronomy, mechanical technology, and science.

1. Zhang Heng was a figure in the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China, a native of Xi'e County, Nanyang County, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, a native of Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province. Zhang Heng was born in a big family, Zhang Heng studied hard since he was a child, and he was able to make articles when he was a teenager. At the age of sixteen, Zhang Heng left his hometown and began to travel around, first to Sanfu, then to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, where he met the famous scholar Cui Ming.

2. In Luoyang, Zhang Heng taught himself the "Five Classics", and also began to like to study astronomy, geography, mechanical manufacturing and other knowledge, which laid a solid foundation for the later manufacture of armillary spheres. During the first year of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan, Zhang Heng was promoted to filial piety, but he did not accept the call of the government several times. In the twelfth year of Yongyuan, Nanyang Taishou Baode invited Zhang Heng to be the chief bookkeeper, Zhang Heng worked under him for eight years, and after Baode was transferred, Zhang Heng resigned and went home, concentrating on astronomy, calendrical calculations, yin and yang at home.

3. Emperor An of the Han Dynasty gave him the characteristics of the bus to enter Beijing after learning of Zhang Heng's talent, appointed Zhang Heng as Langzhong, and later promoted to Taishi Ling, so Zhang Heng studied Yin and Yang more diligently, and developed an armillary sphere with unprecedented achievements after combining the experience of his predecessors, which is also one of Zhang Heng's famous inventions.

4. In the fourth year of Yonghe, Zhang Heng died at the age of sixty-two, and later in the third year of the Song Huizong Grand View, Zhang Heng was also posthumously awarded the title of West Ombo because of his academic achievements, and later generations also called it "Mu Sheng" in order to commemorate Zhang Heng, and Zhang Heng's academic achievements also have a great impact on today's people.

1.Geodynamic instrument: In 132 A.D. (the first year of Yangjia), Zhang Heng invented the earliest geodynamic instrument during his tenure as Taishi Ling, which was called the Houfeng geokinetic instrument.

2.It has eight directions, each with a dragon with a copper bead in its mouth, and a toad and its counterpart underneath each dragon.

3.If there is a ** occurrence on either side, the copper beads contained in the dragon's mouth in the direction will fall into the mouth of the toad, so that the direction of the occurrence of ** can be measured.

4.Ruilun pod: Ruilun pod is an automatic calendar created by Zhang Heng ingenuity, which imitates the characteristics of the strange tree pod in mythology, relying on the action of running water, from the beginning of each month, a leaf appears a day, to the full moon out of 15 pieces, and then another piece is put away every day, until the end of the month, the cycle opens and closes.

5.Guide car: The guide car manufactured by Zhang Heng uses mechanical principles and the transmission of gears, and consists of a two-wheeled unilateral car.

6.The trunk uses a gear system that can be automatically clutched, and a woodcut fairy is placed on the upper layer of the trunk shell, and no matter which direction the car turns, the wooden man's outstretched arm points south.

Zhang Heng invented the unprecedented geodynamic instrument at that time, saving many lives.

Saving multiple names before the ** comes, I think the greatest thing is the geodynamic instrument.

Zhang Heng's greatest thing is the ground motion instrument, and I feel that he saved many lives at that time.

Zhang Heng invented the unprecedented geodynamic instrument at that time, and saved many people before the advent of **.

Zhang Heng's most famous work is the geokinetic instrument, because no one could make it at that time, and he invented this.

The globe was invented to ** and prevent damage and loss caused by disasters.

The first is the famous geodynamic instrument, the second is the armillary sphere, and the third is the Ruilun pod.

Zhang Heng made a leaky armillary sphere that demonstrated the movement of the sun, moon and stars. Invented the determination of the ** azimuth (wind and ground motion instrument).

It's an armillary sphere. The armillary sphere simulates the movement of celestial phenomena and has mechanical devices such as copper balls and leaky pots.

The armillary sphere and the geokinetic instrument, one is a **** to see the celestial phenomena.

Zhang Heng is famous for his geokinetic instrument. Zhang Heng (78-139), whose name is Pingzi, was a native of Nanyang Xi'e (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan). He was a great astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty and made indelible contributions to the development of astronomy in China. In mathematics, geography, painting, and literature, Zhang Heng also showed extraordinary talent and extensive knowledge.

Zhang Heng is one of the representatives of the Hun Tian Theory in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty; He pointed out that the moon itself does not emit light, and that moonlight is actually a reflection of daylight; He also correctly explained the causes of lunar eclipses and recognized the infinity of the universe and the relationship between the speed of the planets and their proximity to the Earth.

Zhang Heng observed and recorded 2,500 stars, created the world's first leaky armillary sphere that can perform celestial phenomena more accurately, the first instrument to test the first - the wind and ground motion instrument, and also created a guide car, an automatic memory drum car, a wooden bird that flew several miles, and so on.

Zhang Heng is the author of a total of 32 scientific, philosophical, and literary works, including astronomical works such as "Lingxian" and "Lingxian Tu".

In order to commemorate Zhang Heng's achievements, people named a crater on the far side of the moon as "Zhangheng Crater", and asteroid 1802 as "Zhangheng Asteroid".

Guo Moruo, a famous Chinese writer and historian in the 20th century, commented on Zhang Heng: "Such a well-rounded figure is rare in world history. ”

Later generations called Zhang Heng the Wood Sage (Ke Sheng). Zhang Hengzi Pingzi. A native of Xi'e County, Nanyang County (now Nanyang, Henan). Born in the first three years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (78 AD); He died in the fourth year of Yonghe (139 AD). Researchers and proficient in astronomy, mechanical technology, and science.

He is an inventor, he invented the first instrument to make outstanding contributions to our country in the prevention of the first instrument, and was at the leading level in the world at that time.

Geodynamic instrument, I don't know anything else!